Adolescent Pregnancy

The nurse provides education to pregnant teen's to prevent which of the following high-risk complications of pregnancy? a. preterm birth b. gestational diabetes c. macrocosmic births d. polycythemia

a. preterm birth - adolescents are at high risk for preterm labor Due to their lifestyles, pregnant teens are at high risk for low-birth-weight, preterm births. It is very important that the nurse educate the pregnant teen for signs of preterm labor, such as intermittent backache, cramping, and discomfort low in the pelvic area

A nurse is planning a prenatal program for a group of adolescents. Which teaching techniques will be most appropriate for this age group? Select all that apply. a. Include infant growth and development content. b. Use a variety of teaching methods. c. Assign teaching content to the students. d. Hold separate academic classes for pregnant teens.

a. Include infant growth and development content. b. Use a variety of teaching methods. The most effective method of prenatal education for teens appears to be mainstreaming the pregnant adolescent in academic classes with her peers and adding classes appropriate to her needs during pregnancy and postpartum. To keep the attention of the participants, it is important to use a variety of teaching strategies including audiovisual aids, demonstrations, and games. Classes about growth and development beginning with the newborn and early-infancy periods can help teenage parents develop realistic expectations of their infants, and can help decrease child abuse.

A nurse is teaching psychosocial development to a group of adolescents. The nurse expects teens in which stage of adolescence to be most able to recognize STDs and pregnancy as risks of unprotected sex? a. Late adolescence. b. Preadolescence. c. Middle adolescence. d. Early adolescence.

a. Late Adolescence In late adolescence (ages 18-19 years), teens are more at ease with their individuality and decision-making ability. They can think abstractly and anticipate consequences. Late adolescents are capable of formal operational thought. They learn to solve problems, to conceptualize, and to make decisions. These abilities help them see themselves as having control, which leads to the ability to understand and accept the consequences of their behavior.

A nurse is evaluating the background of four teenagers. Which statements by the teens should the nurse recognize as psychosocial factors contributing to the risk of pregnancy for these teens? Select all that apply. a. "I just want someone to love me." b. "I'd leave my boyfriend, but I'm afraid of what he might do." c. "I have a hard time feeling good about myself." d. "I want a prescription for oral contraceptives."

a. "I just want someone to love me." b. "I'd leave my boyfriend, but I'm afraid of what he might do." c. "I have a hard time feeling good about myself." Family dysfunction and poor self-esteem are major risk factors for adolescent pregnancy. The adolescent girl might use pregnancy for various conscious or subconscious reasons: to punish her father and/or mother; to escape from an undesirable home situation; to gain attention; or to feel that she has someone to love and to love her. Teens that become pregnant compared to teens who have not been pregnant, have usually been physically, emotionally, or sexually abused. In fact, maltreatment of any kind is a high-risk contributor to early teen pregnancy. Contraceptive use is not a psychosocial risk. Answer 3 indicates low self- esteem. Answer 4 indicates a potentially coercive relationship, which could include maltreatment.

The nurse is planning a community program to decrease adolescent pregnancy. According to research, successful community teen pregnancy prevention programs use which approaches? a. Address societal issues of poverty and education. b. Programs are short-term due to limited teen attention span. c. Have a board of directors made up of community dignitaries. d. Focus on negative aspects of teen sexual behavior, pregnancy, and parenting.

a. Address societal issues of poverty and education. Addressing societal issues of poverty and education is a successful approach to decrease adolescent pregnancy. Successful teenage pregnancy prevention programs are positive, include teens in the planning process, and begin before adolescence and continue throughout high school.

A nurse is working with a pregnant teenager in the prenatal clinic. What would be the most important nursing action to help this teen meet the third-trimester developmental tasks of pregnancy? a. Assess the client for discomforts of pregnancy. b. Discuss continued education plans. c. Reassure the client that ambivalence is normal. d. Emphasize the need for good nutrition.

a. Assess the client for discomforts of pregnancy. Assessing the client for discomforts of pregnancy is a third-trimester development task. Ambivalence about the pregnancy, the need for good nutrition, and discussing continued education plans are first-trimester developmental tasks.

Because of a pregnant teen's special nutritional needs, the nurse evaluates the client's intake of: a. protein and magnesium b. calcium and iron c. carbohydrates and zink d. pyroxidine and thiamine

b.) calcium and iron - pregnant adolescents' diets are often deficient in calcium and iron Adolescents are in need of higher levels of both calcium and iron during their pregnancies than are adult women. These nutrients are needed because many of the teens who become pregnant have not completed their own growth. Calcium is, of course, needed for the teen's own bone growth as well as for the bone growth of the fetus. Iron is needed for the teen's hematological function as well as the baby's blood supply.

In general, teen pregnancies are high risk because of which of the following? a. high probability of chromosomal anomalies b. high oral intake of manganese and zinc c. high numbers of post-term deliveries d. high incidence of late prenatal care

d. high incidence of late prenatal care - teens are likely to delay entry into the healthcare system Late prenatal care is particularly problematic for teen pregnancies. Because organogenesis occurs during the first trimester, by the time many teens acknowledge that they are pregnant and seek care, they are already past this critical period. They are likely to have consumed damaging substances, or at the very least, consumed inadequate quantities of essential nutrients such as folic acid.

The nurse is writing a grant for an adolescent pregnancy prevention program. She needs to include factors that contribute to adolescent pregnancy. Select all that apply. a. Hispanic or African-American heritage. b. Poverty. c. Attending community college. d. Lack of adult supervision.

a. Hispanic or African-American heritage. b. Poverty. d. Lack of adult supervision. Poverty, increased time spent without adult supervision, being African-American or Hispanic, low educational achievement, and a previous adolescent pregnancy are considered factors that contribute to adolescent pregnancy.

The nurse assesses for complications of pregnancy in a 19-year-old client. Which of the following data might indicate a complication associated with adolescent pregnancy? a. Hypertension, proteinuria, edema. b. Large-for-gestational-age infant. c. Painless vaginal spotting. d. Bright red, painful vaginal bleeding.

a. Hypertension, proteinuria, edema. Risks for pregnant adolescents include preterm births, low-birth-weight infants, cephalopelvic disproportion, iron-deficiency anemia, and pre-eclampsia. Placenta previa, pregnancy-induced diabetes, and abruptio placentae are not common complications of pregnant adolescents.

Nurses should evaluate family response to teen pregnancy. Which of the following psychosocial factors should be included in the nursing assessment of the family because of their potential influence on family response to teen pregnancy? Select all that apply. a. Birth setting. b. Cultural and religious beliefs. c. Nutritional status. d. Educational and career level.

b. Cultural and religious beliefs. d. Educational and career level. In families that foster children's educational and career goals, adolescent pregnancy is often a shock. Cultural and religious beliefs can prevent some teens from seeking abortions. In populations in which adolescent pregnancy is more prevalent and more socially acceptable, family and friends might be more supportive of the adolescent parents. Nutritional status and birth setting are not psychosocial factors.

Pregnant adolescents have increased nutritional needs as compared with pregnant adults. Which of the following foods would meet those needs? a. banana b. cheeseburger c. strawberries d. rice

b. cheeseburger - cheeseburger meets both iron and calcium needs; banana and strawberries do not meet iron or calcium needs; rice is high in protein and contains some calcium, but is not a good source of iron The best way to remember the special nutritional needs of an adolescent is to remember that they are still growing themselves. As a result, they need the minerals, calcium, and iron, as well as protein for their own growth and development and to meet the needs of the growing fetus. Of the choices, only cheeseburgers meet all of these needs.

6. Which of the following nursing statements made to a 17-year-old pregnant client at the initial prenatal visit would be most effective in developing a trusting nurse-client relationship? a. "Tell me what caused you to get pregnant while still in high school." b. "We don't have room in the exam room for your mother. I'm sure you'll do fine." c. "Since this is your first pelvic exam, I'd like to explain what will be happening." d. "We'll have to weigh you each time so we'll know if you've been eating correctly."

c. "Since this is your first pelvic exam, I'd like to explain what will be happening." Explaining unfamiliar procedures to the adolescent client, who is likely to be anxious and fearful, will assist the nurse in developing a trusting relationship. Words should be weighed carefully, and should be nonjudgmental and sensitive to the client. The nurse should encourage the client's support system to be part of the pregnancy experience.

The nurse is working with a pregnant adolescent. The client is experiencing morning sickness, and has not been able to eat regular meals. What would be the priority nursing diagnosis? a. Self-esteem Disturbance. b. Ineffective Individual Coping. c. Altered Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements. d. Alteration in Comfort.

c. Altered Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements. Altered Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements is the correct priority nursing diagnosis for a client who is unable to eat. Alteration in Comfort, Self-esteem Disturbance, and Ineffective Individual Coping might be correct secondary nursing diagnoses if more data are gathered to support them.

Which of the following vital signs must be monitored very carefully during a teen's pregnancy? a. heart rate b. respiratory rate c. blood pressure d. temperature

c. blood pressure - the client's blood pressure is the most important vital sign Adolescents who are 16 years old or younger are particularly at high risk for hypertensive illnesses of pregnancy. It is especially important for the nurse and the client's primary healthcare practitioner to determine the client's baseline blood pressure to identify any elevations as soon as possible.