Adolescent Psych Final

Which of these statements about girls' sexual socialization is true? a. A majority of girls' report more positive feelings than negative feelings about their first sexual encounter b. Unlike boys' sexual socialization, girls' sexual socialization has changed very little over time c. Girls are less sexually oriented than previous studies suggested d. Peers generally greet the news of a girl's first sexual encounter with celebration

a. A majority of girls' report more positive feelings than negative feelings about their first sexual encounter

What is the best way to conceptualize adolescent sexual development? a. As gradual stages of increasing intimacy b. With the first event being intercourse c. As an isolated behavior d. As a series of events with no systematic pattern

a. As gradual stages of increasing intimacy

1. The close, significant emotional bond between parent and infant is called a. Attachment b. Goodness of fit c. Symbiosis d. The secure base

a. Attachment

Cassandra and Rosemarie spend a lot of time obsessing over each other's problems. What is this called? a. Co-rumination b. An upward spiral c. Mutual self-disclosure d. Co-internal working model

a. Co-rumination

When two problem occur together, such as substance abuse and depression, they are referred to as being a. Comorbid b. Covert c. A coterminous disorder d. A parallel diagnosis

a. Comorbid

A repetitive and persistent pattern of antisocial behavior that results in problems in school or work or in relationship with other is called a. Conduct disorder b. Oppositional defiant disorder c. Psychopath syndrome d. Antisocial personality disorder

a. Conduct disorder

Although sex education programs have not been particularly successful in reducing the high rates of adolescent pregnancy, there is current optimism that ___________may be effective a. Encouraging sexual abstinence b. Comprehensive sex education c. Providing instruction on the withdrawal method d. Advocating teen marriage

a. Encouraging sexual abstinence

Early adolescents who have more other-sex friends than their peers tend to a. Have longer romantic relationships b. Begin entering romantic relationships at a later age c. Be older girls befriending younger boys d. Avoid romantic relationships until adulthood

a. Have longer romantic relationships

In which field do women currently earn more than half of the bachelor's degrees that colleges award? a. Health b. Physical sciences c. Business d. Engineering

a. Health

What family factor appears to predict adolescent sexual involvement, especially among girls? a. Household composition b. Mother's employment c. Number of siblings d. Father's employment

a. Household composition

Mastery motivation is most similar to a. Intrinsic motivation b. Mastery anxiety c. Evaluation anxiety d. Extrinsic motivation

a. Intrinsic motivation

Leroy plays video games not because he will win anything by doing well or because anyone approved of his increasing skill, but because he enjoys getting better at the games. His behavior is an example of a. Mastery motivation b. Temperament c. Learned helplessness d. extrinsic motivation

a. Mastery motivation

Rejection sensitivity is a term that psychologist use to describe a. Oversensitivity to romantic rejection that is related to an insecure attachment in infancy and early childhood b. The development of a working model of relationships in which parental and peer relationships are similar. c. The development of a working model of relationships in which romantic partners and parents are less important than peers. d. An oversensitivity to peer rejection in childhood that leads to an oversensitivity to rejection in the adult workplace.

a. Oversensitivity to romantic rejection that is related to an insecure attachment in infancy and early childhood

Which of the following is most likely to influence (both directly and indirectly) a teenager's occupational choice? a. Parents b. Part-time work c. Courses in school d. Peers

a. Parents

Achievement concerns the development of motives, capabilities, interests, and behavior that relate to_______in evaluative situations a. Performance b. Outcomes c. Emotional response d. Stress level

a. Performance

Industrialized societies place a great deal of emphasis on which of the following? a. Performance, competition, and success b. Cooperation, collaboration, and harmony c. Mental and physical purity d. Mental and physical toughness

a. Performance, competition, and success

Which is considered a risk factor for substance abuse in adolescence? a. Psychological factors b. Hormonal factors c. Political factors d. Educational factors

a. Psychological factors

Margaret has been able to withstand many stressors in her life without showing negative effects. Margaret's behavior would be considered an example of a. Resilience b. An internalizing behavior c. Externalizing behavior d. Withdrawal strategies.

a. Resilience

The extent to which an individual receives emotional support or instructional assistance form his or her friends, family, and acquaintance is called___________ support a. Social b. Parental c. Instructional d. Recreational

a. Social

In general, adolescents form poorer families tend to experience more_______and have worse________than their more affluent peers. a. Stress; coping skills b. Self-efficacy interventions c. Mastery motivation, coping skills d. Growth mindset, learned helplessness

a. Stress; coping skills

Which type of intervention has been effective for adolescence-limited offenders? a. Teaching them how to resist peer pressure and settle conflict without resorting to aggression b. Training parents to avoid monitoring their children too closely c. Incarcerating them until they become more responsible in adulthood d. Placing them in group facilities with other offenders.

a. Teaching them how to resist peer pressure and settle conflict without resorting to aggression

Evaluations of individual-focused approaches to drug prevention programs have found that a. These programs are largely ineffective. b. These programs are more effective for changing adolescents' sexual behaviors than their drug use c. Scare tactics are more effective than rational information for changing behavior d. Random drug testing in schools has been the only effective strategy for reducing adolescents' use of drug

a. These programs are largely ineffective.

How do intimacy and sex differ? a. They can exist together or separately within a relationship b. They are both different words for the same thing c. There can be intimacy without sex, but no sex without intimacy d. There can be sex without intimacy, but no intimacy without sex

a. They can exist together or separately within a relationship

Sullivan believed that important interpersonal transitions are more likely to be negotiated successfully if a. They have a solid foundation of security in past relationships b. An individual develops appropriate cognitive skills c. An individual had many playmates in childhood d. They have a solid basis in social cognition

a. They have a solid foundation of security in past relationships

Problem behavior syndrome involves a. Unconventional thoughts b. Recurrent depression c. Close connections to social institutions d. Low tolerance for socially deviant ideas

a. Unconventional thoughts

The average duration of a romantic relationship during the middle high school years is about_____months a. 2 b. 6 c. 12 d. 18

b. 6

The extent to which an individual strives for success is referred to as a. Mood composition b. Achievement motivation c. Personality structure d. Self-orientation

b. Achievement motivation

Which of the following is considered an internalizing disorder? a. Drug abuse b. Anxiety c. Truancy d. Delinquency

b. Anxiety

Individuals high in callous-unemotional (CU) traits a. Experience distress more easily and often than others b. Are less likely to empathize with others c. Show a heightened response to emotional and painful stimuli d. Are likely to be career criminals

b. Are less likely to empathize with others

Which of the following would be considered a status offense? a. Using marijuana b. Being truant from school c. Vandalizing property d. Sexual assault

b. Being truant from school

The main reason that many adolescents rely on the withdrawal method is that it a. Prevents sexually transmitted diseases but not pregnancy b. Does not require advance planning c. Is often more effective than birth control pills d. Is about as effective as condom as in "real world" conditions because so many adolescents use condoms incorrectly

b. Does not require advance planning

The neurotransmitter associated with the experience of pleasure that is implicated in substance abuse problems is known as a. Serotonin b. Dopamine c. Acetylcholine d. Norepinephrine

b. Dopamine

Adolescents who come from family environments in which parents harshly criticize their children's performance when it does not meet their standards are more likely to develop a. Mastery motivation b. Fear of failure c. Type-A personality characteristics d. A high achievement motivation

b. Fear of failure

In addition to parental supervision, what else might help decrease the probability of adolescent sexual activity? a. Insisting that adolescents come home right after school b. Having adolescents participate in after-school programs c. Having their fathers talk to them about the dangers of sexual involvement d. Proving them with books on the risks of sexual involvement.

b. Having adolescents participate in after-school programs

Why do some experts say that dropping out of school is a public health problem? a. High school dropouts work in jobs that are more likely to expose them to infectious diseases b. High school dropouts earn less money, which means they can rarely afford to buy medicine c. High school dropouts are more likely to have poor health and to use illicit drugs d. College dropouts tend to have more emotional and physical problems than their counterparts who finish college

b. High school dropouts earn less money, which means they can rarely afford to buy medicine

Under what circumstances would a student be most likely to drop out of school because of poor health? a. If the student has limited cultural capital b. If the student's family is poor c. If the student's family speaks a language other than English at home d. If the student grew up in a high-crime neighborhood

b. If the student's family is poor

Current research suggests that sexual intercourse during the high school years a. Has been slowly but steadily increasing over the past decade b. Is part of the normative experience of adolescence in America c. Has become increasingly traumatic for adolescents in the United States d. Is more likely among girls than among boys

b. Is part of the normative experience of adolescence in America

Parents influence adolescents more in terms of ___________, but friends influence adolescents more in terms of ______________ a. Day-to-day school activities; long-term educational plans b. Long-term education plans; day-to-day school activities c. Educational goals; educational realities d. Educational realities; educational goals.

b. Long-term education plans; day-to-day school activities

Which of the following qualities in a friend would likely be more important to Sarah, a 14-year old female, than to her 8-year old sister, Dinah? a. Owning lots of fun toys b. Loyalty c. Enjoying similar activities d. Being helpful

b. Loyalty

Which prevention program is most likely to be successful? a. One that focuses on individual adolescents b. One that combines social competence training with environmental changes c. One tat focuses on drug testing in schools One that does not differentiate use from abuse in its treatment plan

b. One that combines social competence training with environmental changes

Which of these accurately describes how socioeconomic status affects the education of youth? a. Poor children and rich children begin school with the same level of basic academic competence. b. Poor adolescents tend to have more stress in their lives than adolescents from wealthy families do c. Parents form higher social classes are less involved in their adolescent's education, probably because they work so may hours d. Affluent youngsters and poor youngsters receive about the same nutrition and health care.

b. Poor adolescents tend to have more stress in their lives than adolescents from wealthy families do

Even though Chloe works very hard in school, she gives her classmates the impression that she is uninterested in school in order to have an excuse for her poor performance. What type of behavior is this? a. Learned helplessness b. Self-handicapping c. Need for fulfillment d. Need for success

b. Self-handicapping

Which of the following is typically considered to be autoerotic behavior during adolescence? a. Sexual activity experienced with others b. Sexual fantasies c. Romantic fantasies d. Sexual intercourse

b. Sexual fantasies

What is the main reason that many achievement-related issues take on new significance during adolescence? a. Biological transitions b. Social transitions c. Cognitive limitations d. Environmental limitations

b. Social transitions

Which theorist presented one of the most important theoretical perspectives in the development of adolescent intimacy? a. Freud b. Sullivan c. Erikson d. Benedict

b. Sullivan

It is likely that a limitation in children's ability to -__________inhibits their ability to have intimate interpersonal relationships a. Feel emotional pain b. Take another person's perspective c. Care deeply d. Experience fear

b. Take another person's perspective

How does the average age of the first intercourse vary by geographical region? a. It doesn't-the average age of first intercourse is similar around the world b. The average age of first intercourse varies considerably around the world c. The average age of first intercourse is roughly the same in industrialized countries d. Because societies differ in their terminology, the average age of first intercourse is extremely difficulty to compare across nations

b. The average age of first intercourse varies considerably around the world

As used in the study of adolescence, the term intimacy refers to an emotional attachment between two people that is characterized by: a. Lack of concern for each other's well-being b. A sexual and /or physical relationship c. A willingness to disclose private, sometimes sensitive, information.

c. A willingness to disclose private, sometimes sensitive, information.

Dara suffers from depression. What type of disorder does Dara's condition reflect? a. An externalizing disorder b. A psychosomatic disorder c. An internalizing disorder d. A personality disorder

c. An internalizing disorder

For adolescent girls, which of the following is the most important factor in determining the onset of sexual intercourse? a. Increased level of androgens b. Availability of birth control c. Being in a social group that is permissive about sex d. Participation in formal sexual education classes

c. Being in a social group that is permissive about sex

Studies suggest which of the following are antecedents of homosexuality? a. Biological factors b. Social and religious factors c. Biological and social factors d. Environmental factor

c. Biological and social factors

1. Lydia's family is always going to art shows, concerts, and poetry reading. Her family has a large amount of a. Societal influence b. Social capital c. Cultural capital d. Monetary success

c. Cultural capital

Students' motivation and school performance tend to______________when they enter into secondary school a. Remain the same b. Increase c. Decrease d. Increase sharply and then plateau

c. Decrease

Which term refers to the number of years of schooling completed by an individual? a. School performance b. Academic achievement c. Education attainment d. Social promotion

c. Education attainment

Studies on adolescent social media usage have shown that social media__________adolescents' friendships. a. Destroys b. Replaces c. Improves d. criminalizes

c. Improves

According to Sullivan, development can be best understood by examining transformations in a. Psychosexual needs b. Sexual drive c. Interpersonal needs d. Self-conceptions

c. Interpersonal needs

The belief or expectation that one cannot control events is called a. Underachievement b. Fear of failure c. Learned helplessness d. Temperament

c. Learned helplessness

Paul will not even try to learn how to swim because when he has tried before, he has not done very well. He is now convinced that no matter what he does, he will never learn to swim. Paul's situation is an example of a. Ego deflation b. Type A behavior c. Learning helplessness d. Temperament

c. Learning helplessness

Research has shown that negative interactions among teens on social media are a. Much more harmful than negative interactions in person b. Much less harmful than negative interaction in person c. Quite similar to negative interactions in person d. More likely to lead to violence than negative interactions in person

c. Quite similar to negative interactions in person

The most common trigger of the first episode of major depression is a. Parents' divorce b. Failing in school c. The breakup of a romantic relationship d. Dating violence

c. The breakup of a romantic relationship

Which of the following is the best indicator of when an adolescent will begin dating? a. Chronological age b. Biological development c. The school/community norms d. Whether he or she has older siblings

c. The school/community norms

Which of the following statement about suicide is true? a. Most suicide attempts by adolescents are successful b. The rate of attempted suicide is higher among males than females c. The suicide rate among 15-19-year olds increased alarmingly between 1950 and 1990 d. Suicide is a much more common cause of death among adolescents than adults.

c. The suicide rate among 15-19-year olds increased alarmingly between 1950 and 1990

Research into sexual activity among adolescents has found that a. Most adolescents only consider an activity that culminates in an orgasm to be sex b. Almost all adolescents define vaginal intercourse as sex, but very few consider other forms of intercourse to be sex c. There is wide variation in what activities adolescents think count as sex d. Adolescents largely agree that any activity that involves genital touching counts as sex.

c. There is wide variation in what activities adolescents think count as sex

During the school year, Titus's parents took him to the theater and the opera. In addition, they bought him books and a magazine subscription for his birthday. The treatment Titus is receiving is an example of a. Special education b. Social cultivation c. Artistic refinement d. cultural capital

d. cultural capital

Al's parents expect him to receive all As on his report card, play quarterback for the football team, and win the election for senior class president. When Al comes home with a B+ on his report card, his parents ground him for a month. Because of his parents' actions, Al is likely to develop a. Intrinsic motivation b. Performance motivation c. Mastery motivation d. Learned helplessness (fear of failure)

fear of failure

According to social control theory, delinquency is caused by a. Unconventionality in the adolescent's personality b. An inherited predisposition toward deviance c. Biologically based difference in arousal and sensation-seeking d. A lack of bonds to the family, the school or the workplace

d. A lack of bonds to the family, the school or the workplace

Some people who are delinquent as adolescents grow up to be law-adults. What type of pattern is this? a. Transitory delinquency b. Negative affectivity c. Diathesis-stress model d. Adolescence-limited offender

d. Adolescence-limited offender

Which of these statements about boys' sexual socialization would researchers most likely agree with? a. Boys often feel anxious or uneasy about their first sexual encounter b. Most boys fear negative reactions from peers when describing their first sexual encounter c. Like girls, boys usually see their first sexual encounter as a chance for emotional connection d. At first, boys tend to keep matters of sex and intimacy separate

d. At first, boys tend to keep matters of sex and intimacy separate

According to research, which of the following is an effective form of parental involvement a. Helping with homework b. Providing cash rewards for high grades c. Criticizing harshly when student perform poorly d. Being involved in school-based activities

d. Being involved in school-based activities

Optimal social development during adolescence most likely requires healthy relationships with a. Parents b. Peers c. Important non-parental adults d. Both parents and peers

d. Both parents and peers

Charlie's father and grandfather were lawyers. Charlie is interested in becoming a lawyer too, even though his grades are average. What would a social scientist most likely say about Charlie? a. Charlie's identification with familiar role models means that his career path is likely to change as he grows older b. Charlie's failure to identify with familiar role models may lead to conflict within his family c. Charlie's development of an occupational identity is profoundly influenced by is peer environment d. Charlie's development of an occupational identity is profoundly influenced by his social environment.

d. Charlie's development of an occupational identity is profoundly influenced by his social environment.

1. Which of the following is a peak month for adolescents in a romantic relationship to have their first intercourse? a. January b. March c. September d. December

d. December

Dating tends to start earlier for adolescent who a. Come from stable family environments b. Have difficulty making same-sex friends c. Asian come from an Asian culture d. Have an older sibling

d. Have an older sibling

Which of the following would most researchers list as a reason sexuality in adolescence is particularly important? a. Adolescence is the time when erotic feeling first emerge b. Puberty postpones the physical changes that allow for sexual reproduction c. Sexual encounters among adolescents are rare. d. In adolescence, sexual activity begins to take on the social meaning it will have in adulthood

d. In adolescence, sexual activity begins to take on the social meaning it will have in adulthood

Which of the following is the best explanation of serious problem behavior during adolescence? a. Problems behavior is the result of the hormonal changes that accompany puberty b. Problem behavior is a manifestation of an inherent adolescent need to rebel against authority c. Problem behavior results from having an identity crisis d. Problem behavior is likely a signal that something is wrong.

d. Problem behavior is likely a signal that something is wrong.

Based on Sullivan's theory of interpersonal development, intimacy is first expressed in a. Sexual relationships b. Other-sex friendships c. Mixed sex relationships d. Same sex relationships

d. Same sex relationships

Studies of adolescent drug use suggest that a. A large majority of adolescents have serious drug dependence problems b. A large majority of adolescents use hard drugs c. Drug and alcohol use are the underlying cause of most adolescent problems d. The drug of choice among adolescents is alcohol

d. The drug of choice among adolescents is alcohol

In general, the earlier an adolescent's criminal career begins a. The easier it is for that person to be treated b. The more likely it is the adolescent will stop the criminal behavior on his or her own c. The less likely he or she is to be arrested d. The more likely he or she is to become a chronic offender

d. The more likely he or she is to become a chronic offender

Students who are trying to develop occupational plans. a. Look for a career option that fulfills all seven types of work rewards b. Enroll in an apprenticeship program so you can gain experience in a type of work c. Use you experiences in the jobs you hold as a teenager to play your career path d. Think about what you are good at and what interests you

d. Think about what you are good at and what interests you