adult development final

In the process called identity ______________, people are able to accept negative information about themselves as part of their sense of self without feeling unduly disturbed or devastated.

accommodation

When people are first confronted with new ideas or approaches, they often resist accepting them and instead use their existing schemas or ways of responding. According to Piaget, this process is called:

assimilation

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological model of development, the macrosystem includes:

culture, nationality, and the economic structure.

The text recommends that the best advice for an older adult trying to maintain his or her digestive functioning is to:

eat a diet that includes a relative balance among nutrients

The "stroke" belt received its name because people living in this region tend to:

experience higher mortality rates from this disease.

An 80-year-old woman is suffering from limited range of motion due to degenerative changes in her knees, shoulders, and wrists. If you were her physical therapist, you might suggest that she offset these changes by engaging primarily in: Responses

flexibility training.

A build-up of pressure within the eyeball is involved in which form of blindness that affects older adults?

glaucoma

The idea that older adults who are subject to more than one type of discrimination in addition to ageism are particularly disadvantaged is known as the ____________ hypothesis.

multiple jeopardy

After completing a call to your wireless cellphone provider, you receive a follow-up call asking you to rate the customer service representative using a 5-point scale. This method of data collection is known as a(n):

opinion survey

The normal enlargement of the ___________ gland in men may cause difficulties with urination and pain.

prostate

The most appropriate method of analysis for data obtained from focus groups, such as older adults discussing their views about healthcare, would be:

qualitative.

A young woman in her sophomore year of college decides to form a debate team because she enjoyed it so much in high school. Her campus now has a winning debate team, and its members get to travel all around the region in response to invitations from other schools. As a result, this young woman brings great credit to her campus, and enjoyable new opportunities for her teammates. This example illustrates which process in individual-environment interactions?

reciprocity

Tests that produce consistent results are said to be psychometrically: Responses

reliable

In 2013, the average life expectency from birth was ___________.

78.8

The HAROLD model of plasticity and brain aging proposes that older adults show which pattern when completing cognitive tasks compared to younger adults?

Activation of the opposite hemisphere

Central vision is affected but peripheral vision is maintained in which cause of blindness in later life?

Age-related macular degeneration

In the Selective Optimization with ____________ model, older adults are proposed to cut down on the abilities they are weak and make up with the abilities on which they show greater potential for improvement.

Compensation

The World Health Organization defines health as having which qualities?

Complete physical, mental, and social well-being

An older adult couple in your neighborhood retired from their jobs as teachers but continue to work in the community as school volunteers. It seems as if they enjoy maintaining similar roles that they had when they were working. They would be a good example of which role satisfaction theory of aging?

Continuity

The idea that older adults are much more satisfied with their lives when they are able to leave behind their former social roles and involvements is consistent with which role adjustment theory?

Disengagement

According to the text, which term is used to describe the concept of assessing an individual's age based on performance indicators, and not time indicators

Functional Age

The condition known as presbyopia involves which normal age-related change?

Hardening of the lens.

Which principle states that as people age, they become more different from each other?

Individuality Principle

People who find it difficult to establish long-lasting, mutually satisfying, close relationships would be considered, in Erikson's theory, to be high on which specific quality?

Isolation

The greatest emphasis on the environment is associated with which model of development?

Mechanistic.

The concept of selective attrition is most closely related to which principle of adult development and aging?

Only the survivors grow old.

Which kind of age assessment is calculated by comparing the individual to expected roles and positions typical of that age?

Social age

In the Whitehall II study, the fact that social class was related to physical functioning provided a demonstration of which type of influence on development in Bronfrenbrenner's model? Responses

Sociocultural

Which principle means that the changes in later adulthood eminate from the patterns established in earlier years?

Survivor Principle

A psychologist consulting in a nursing home, after observing daily routine tasks performed by staff, finds that few engage in behavioral treatment for incontinence among patients. Such treatment might include which measures?

Teaching residents to strengthen their pelvic muscles.

According to the reciprocal model of development, our "life footprint" reflects which process?

The influence we have on our environment

On November 9, 2016 (the day after the 2016 U.S. Presidential election), a researcher surveyed well-being among young adult, primarily African-American and Hispanic, registered Democrats. The study was planned in September 2016 but the data were not collected until the day after the election. What might be a factor affecting the results of the study?

Time of measurement.

According to the subcategories that gerentologists have created for the elderly population, 70 year-old Maria would be considered _________.

Young-old

The reason that research designs on aging are quasi-experimental is because:

age is not a true independent variable.

One of the primary causes of aging of the respiratory system involves changes in the air sacs known as the:

alveoli.

The ethical principle of ____________ cannot be maintained in longitudinal study, where researchers must keep track of the names of their participants.

anonymity

Psychologists who treat older adults for memory problems need to be aware of the possibility that their clients suffer from ______________, known to be associated with cognitive problems.

back pain

Older adults may be more alert in the morning, and younger adults in the evening, reflecting age differences in:

circadian rhythm.

Classifying groups of people studied in developmental research based on when they were born involves distinctions based on which type of categorization?

cohort

A researcher obtains information about one of her older participants in a study that suggests the participant may have difficulty driving. According to the ethical principle of ______________, however, she cannot report this to the participant's family.

confidentiality

A test that measures what it is supposed to measure and not relate to something else stands up to the psychometric criterion known as ____________ validity.

convergent

The telomere theory proposes that the cause of aging is due to:

destruction of the ends of chromosomes.

Melatonin supplements, occasionally used by older adults to offset changes with age, may have unwanted effects such as:

drowsiness.

A 55-year-old man has a common age-related condition known as androgenic alopecia. This means that he is experiencing:

hair loss

Organismic models of development emphasize __________ as the main driving force in development throughout life.

heredity

According to the Bronfenbrenner ecological model of development, your development is very much influenced by the ____________, such as the economy and political institutions, even though you may not be directly aware of this. Responses

macrosystem

In a study examining the factors that influence whether drivers of different ages are likely to speed through an intersection, researchers set up recording devices at several major traffic lights in one town. They then estimate their ages and estimated speeds from the recordings. This would be an example of what type of study?

observational

Researchers who study life transitions in later adulthood find it is most advisable to begin the study before the transition (such as widowhood or retirement) have occurred. This type of study design is known as:

prospective

A researcher studying the effects of an experimental manipulation on attitudes toward older adults is ethically required to debrief all participants. This means that the experimenter is obligated to:

provide a complete description of the study's purposes and answer any questions.

The feeling that a person is able to succeed at a specific type of task is referred to as ______________ Responses

self-efficacy.

The idea of being "on-time" or "off-time" in achieving major life goals is considered an important element of adjustment in the __________ model.

social clock

Which theoretical perspective on ageism gives the greatest emphasis to fear of death as a cause?

terror management

The main reason that older adults are more likely to die during extreme periods of cold weather is that:

they cannot maintain their core body temperature.

You're the health care professional treating a 72-year-old woman who you determine suffers from arteriosclerosis. In explaining this condition to her, you inform her that this condition specifically is defined as involving:

thickening and hardening of the arteries.

One of the reasons that gerontologists are concerned about falls in older adults causing serious fractures is that bone loss is typically most likely to occur in the

upper thigh.

Unlike predictors of cardiovascular performance in younger adults, high levels of which substance seem to protect older adults from neurocognitive disorders?

C-reactive protein

According to the Pew Research Center study of well-being, young adults wrongly believed that the experience of aging would most likely affect which aspect of life in adults 65 and older?

Cognitive functioning

While checking in on an older adult patient whose husband is visiting her in the hospital, a nurse's aide finds them holding hands and kissing. The aide immediately laughs and says "That's so cute!" What is the aide's behavior referred to in the psychology of aging?

Elderspeak

The crude death rate provides information about which aspect of mortality?

Number of deaths divided by the size of the population.

The highest scores for older adults, and lowest age-related declines, are shown on which primary mental ability?

Number.

A trained neuropsychologist assessing older adults is likely to use which type of procedures?

Tailoring the assessment to the client's age and symptoms.

The segment of the U.S. population with the lowest age-adjusted mortality rate is:

White females

The group of productive older individuals given credit mainly for their contributions to children's literature in studies of aging and creativity consists primarily of:

Women.

The Digit Span scale on the WAIS-IV measures which intellectual ability?

Working Memory

Older adults who buy products aimed at helping them look younger, without questioning whether they really need those products are more subject to ageism, according to the _________ model.

communicative ecology

In the disease known as ________________, the heart cannot distribute enough blood throughout the body to reach the major organs, causing the tissues to swell with fluid.

congestive heart failure

In everyday life, a person might express creativity in activities such as:

cooking.

While you are at rest, the brain's ____________ is at work, processing information that you generate internally.

default network

Exposure to the asbestos increases an individual's risk of developing _______ cancer.

lung

The idea of reserve capacity in research on aging and intelligence is very similar to the concept of ____________ in the nervous system.

plasticity

Virtual reality memory training, in which older adults simulated walking through various places, was found to benefit which type of cognitive ability? Responses

verbal memory

People in later life who are most likely to suffer negative consequences of heart disease typically have high levels of which component in the blood?

low-density lipoprotein

Based on what researchers have discovered about the attraction effect, it is likely that in considering their behavior as consumers older adults should be more likely to:

make better decisions about what to purchase.

The modernization hypothesis of ageism proposes that attitudes toward older adults will be most negative in societies that:

value people for the amount they can produce and contribute to society.

Researchers studying the effects of videogame training on the cognitive abilities of older adults expose separate groups of male and female participants to a training condition and two other groups to a no-training condition in performance on a cognitive test. They then conduct a similar comparison involving male and female younger adults. In this study, the only true independent variable is:

videogame training

To measure the health of a population, epidemiologists use the age-adjusted death rate, which provides what type of information?

weighted sum of deaths in the population on the basis of age.

Which of the following represents a primary aging process?

wrinkles

The most widely accepted categorization of Emerging Adulthood centers on the ages of _________________.

18-29

Which state in the US has the largest number of adults over 65?

California

Your friend's great aunt shares with you the fact that she seems to be less able to lift weight than she could when in her 40s. She is experiencing which normal age-related change?

sarcopenia

To indicate a broadening of our understanding of changes in individuals over time, the term developmental _____________ is increasingly becoming used in the field.

science

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is almost always caused by:

smoking.

According to the text, the biopsychosocial model considers all the following developmental factors, EXCEPT _______________.

Psychological Fixation

The role of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) in the research process involves which procedures?

Requiring that researchers protect the rights of their participants.

Which of the following most represents changes that would be categorized as Secondary Aging?

Skin Cancer

Which qualities define the sense of "passionate commitment" among productive older adults?

High levels of flexibility and curiosity.

In solving everyday problems, older adults typically show which pattern of performance compared to younger adults?

Higher scores on problems of an interpersonal nature.

The brain's default network, which processes internally-generated stimuli, includes which structure?

Hippocampus

A British documentary film maker followed a group of children every 7 years starting when they were 7 years old and continuing to track them down through age 56. This film comes closest to which type of developmental research design? Responses

Longitudinal

Which of the following variables would be assessed when determining someones Psychological Age?

Memory

One way you can communicate more effectively with older adults who suffer from hearing loss is to:

reduce interference from outside noise.

The two most important factors in aging skin are genetics and exposure to:

the sun.

Unlike the WAIS-IV, the PMAT also assesses an individual's:

word fluency.

Research on videogame training in young adults shows that these games have the effect of improving:

attentional control.

In research on the Berlin Wisdom Paradigm by Grossman and colleagues, the older adults who were seen by others as wise had lower scores on a measure of:

fluid intelligence.

Psychologists diagnosing Alzheimer's disease look for which key symptom in its early stage?

forgetting names of good friends or family

Researchers have shown that when spoken to by the young with "elderspeak," older adults experience:

further cognitive declines.

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reports that, in 2012, the highest fatality rates were for drivers ages:

16-19.

An older adult's ability to drive may be affected by which normal age-related changes in vision?

greater sensitivity to glare

The view that development is best viewed as continuous throughout life is referred to as the __________ perspective.

life span

According to Simonton's model, the most creative individual in later life will be the person who:

According to Simonton's model, the most creative individual in later life will be the person who:

Normal changes in the cardiovascular system with age in adulthood are reflected in a lowering of which measure?

Aerobic capacity

An individual showing a downwardly-sloped dying trajectory with occasional sharp drops is likely to have which type of disease?

Alzheimer's disease.

According to the perspective known as ________________ Theory, activating a person's thoughts about death may trigger a set of positive changes, including closer relationships, greater creativity, and more connection to others.

Awareness of Finitude

A WAIS-IV test that measures the ability called Perceptual Reasoning is:

Block Design.

With the help of the ______________, researchers in the area of cognitive aging are able to calculate the extent of attentional slowing in older adults.

Brinley plot

The "Superagers" identified in an MRI study on memory and brain structure showed that those with better memories had the most cortical volume in which region?

Cingulate cortex

An 80-year-old woman planning her living will through use of the "Five Wishes" website. This will allow her to honor her desire for:

life-support or resuscitation.

Shortly prior to death, an individual is likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Visual hallucinations.

In a large cohort-sequential study of two large European national surveys, researchers found that at the very end of life, aging seems related to ______________ in life satisfaction:

a steady descent

Though very similar in many ways to Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia (MID) differs importantly in that it is caused by:

loss of blood supply to the brain.

The ______________ hypothesis proposes that older adults are disproportionately slower on tasks that are more difficult.

age complexity

The medical and legal definition of death considers it to occur when:

all vital organs, including the brain have ceased functioning.

Diabetes can be prevented and even treated by which behavior?

Monitoring weight and diet.

Al Nino is a man in his 70s who is receiving rehabilitation following his recent hip surgery. Luckily his physical therapist avoids elderspeak because she refers to him as:

Mr. Nino

Experiencing the death of a sibling at a young age would considered a _______________________ in the person's development.

Non-normative influence

Diabetes can be traced to the abnormal functioning of which bodily organ?

Pancreas

In ________________ disease, the individual primarily suffers from disturbances in motor functioning, including having tremors, shuffling gait, and difficulties maintaining balance

Parkinson's

An important piece of U.S. federal legislation ensured the rights of dying patients to be able to have an active role in their care was the 1990 __________ Act:

Patient Self-Determination

A middle-aged psychologist is concerned about his father's driving because he worries that his father seems to be showing slips in his executive functioning. This means that the father is having the most difficulty in which aspect of driving?

Planning which route to take to avoid getting lost.

The WHO model of active aging places emphasis on which personal factors?

Cultural attitudes toward older adults.

Research from the Institute of Highway Safety shows that older drivers in the U.S. faced with the challenge of making a left-hand turn while driving in a busy intersection are most likely to experience which outcome?

Having an accident

An older adult faced with issues pertaining to autonomy vs. shame and doubt, in Erikson's theory, might be confronting which situation? Responses

Having to move to a nursing home instead of being able to live independently.

People who resolve the industry vs. inferiority issue associated with Erikson's psychosocial theory unfavorably are likely to have difficulty in which area of development? Responses

Identifying with the work ethic.

Researchers believe that the main reason for the relationship between social class and mortality appears to be due to which factor in lower class occupations?

Insufficient choice in determining pace and timing of work

Although always a problem in research on aging, the issue of selective attrition most clearly affects what type of study?

Longitudinal

Dying individuals experiencing the anorexia-cachexia syndrome, which is defined as which set of symptoms?

Loss of the desire to eat and decline in muscle mass.

A young woman is arguing with her grandmother about the risks associated with cigarette smoking, as the grandmother refuses to quit. One of the points the grandmother makes is that at least she doesn't use tanning booths, which the granddaughter does. Although both are putting themselves at risk, if you were asked to intervene on the granddaughter's behalf, what is a valid claim that you could make?

Lung cancer is far more deadly than skin cancer

A person using the process of identity balance would have which reaction to age-related changes in physical functioning?

Maintaining a stable view of self despite the change.

In Erikson's theory, which of the following behaviors would be considered specific to a person high in generativity?

Mentoring a younger colleague.

Health professionals treating older adults with osteoarthritis are most likely to recommend which of the following approaches as a long-term strategy, particularly for individuals with mild symptoms? Responses

Mild exercise

Because it focuses on the degree of independence an older adult is able to maintain, it is important to healthcare practitioners to measure instrumental activities of daily living. This measure includes which type of criteria?

awareness of time, place, and person.

A 75-year-old woman is finding that she tends to get short of breath more easily than she used to when she climbs a flight of stairs, and her ability to see well at night is becoming slightly worse. Rather than becoming upset about this, she adapts by taking her time when she has to go upstairs and by being careful when she's outside in the evening. She still feels okay about herself and her age. This case is an example of which identity process?

balance

According to findings from Whitehall II, individuals from lower social class compared to higher social class had higher risk of which mortality-related condition?

cardiovascular disease

The majority of adults ages 60 and older in the U.S. reportedly take adult education courses because they seek:

career advancement.

A young woman is concerned about the mental health of her parents, who are heavily involved in the care of their aunt (her great-aunt) because they are the only family in the vicinity. The great-aunt has Parkinson's disease, which is now made her very incapacitated. The situation is referred to in the literature as: Responses

caregiver burden.

A psychological factor affecting the driving performance of older adults is:

changes in decision-time speed.

While playing "Words with Friends" with her 72-year-old grandmother, Frieda Lay is shocked to find that she is losing badly because her grandmother just seems to know so many more words. Frieda's grandmother is illustrating the fact that:

crystallized intelligence rises throughout adulthood into the 70s.

Unlike the Rowe and Kahn model of successful aging, the WHO active ageing model takes into account:

cultural attitudes toward aging.

During working memory tasks, older adults have difficulty ____________ the brain's default network, meaning that they are less able to focus on incoming information.

deactivating

Psychologists who work on integrative health care teams may be called in when patients make the choice not to have medical intervention when their heart or lungs shut down in what is called a(n):

do-not-resuscitate order.

An individual's rate of decline prior to death is referred to as the:

dying trajectory.

Data from studies measuring the brain's electrical activation to stimuli, also known as _______________, show that older adults are less able to inhibit irrelevant information.

event-related potentials

Bilingual adults benefit because the task-switching required by monitoring two languages strengthens their:

executive functioning

The abilities to plan, use working memory, allocate mental resources to incoming tasks, and inhibit information are included in the cognitive skill known in psychology as:

executive functioning.

In research on the attraction effect in problem solving, the findings suggest that older adult consumers are less likely to be influenced by:

extraneous factors

A psychologist is conducting a study on the effect of intergenerational contact on happiness ratings, focusing on how such contact can be beneficial to older adults. . In one condition, she pairs an older adult with a young child and in the other she pairs two older adults with each other. Both sets of pairs meet for 30 minutes at a time. In this study, the dependent variable is the: Responses

happiness ratings of the older adults.

The behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases in later adulthood include tobacco smoking, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and:

harmful use of alcohol.

Research examining the relationship between memory and stress found that people who experience daily stresses, regardless of age, also are likely to:

have memory problems on the days they were stressed.

In a large scale study of well-being across specific domains of life such as health, income, leisure time, housing, and social relations, overall satisfaction with _____________ showed a steep decline in later adulthood.

health

An appointment of a durable power of attorney for health care specifies who will serve as a(n)_____________ for an individual should he or she become incapacitated.

health care proxy

The __________________ is the length of time an individual can live without significant disease and disability.

healthy lifespan

Maintaining healthy cardiovascular functioning throughout your life means that you try to maximize which component in the blood? Responses

high-density lipoprotein

According to the communicative ecology model of successful aging (CEMSA), the greatest influence on how well an individual ages is:

how individuals talk about their own aging.

Older adults who have a low sense of memory controllability because they believe that memory decline is inevitable can also be thought of as high in:

identity accommodation.

Research on the life story suggests that using _____________ may help older adults cope, at least initially, with late-life losses and disappointments.

identity assimilation

Researchers have established that when older adults are given an _______ memory test, or one in which they don't know they're being tested, they perform as well as young adults.

implicit

The tendency to ramble may be especially likely to occur in the speech of older adults who experience "mental clutter," or an inability to

inhibit irrelevant information.

According to the __________hypothesis about the effects of aging on attention, older adults take longer to respond because they are unable to ignore distracting or interfering stimuli:

inhibitory deficit

Moving dying patients from the home to hospitals in mid-20th Century Western culture has led to the ethos of the _________ death.

invisible

Problems in everyday life that are the easiest to solve for older adults are those that:

involve definite, well-stated goals.

A woman grieving after the sudden and unexpected death of her husband is engaged in the "restoration" function of bereavement. This means that she:

is taking care of her practical, everyday concerns.

Which country has the highest percentage of adults aged 65 or older (27%)?

japan

Normal changes in the _______________ of the heart seem to play a central role in the aging of the cardiovascular system.

left ventricle

Making sense of the story of your life prior to death is a process known as:

legitimization of biography

A 35-year-old woman feels concerned about her career because she believes that, by this age, she should have advanced further than she has by now. Her concern would be best explained by which theoretical approach to understanding development?

life course

A psychologist studying successful aging prefers to measure the ways that older adults think about their lives than examining their emotions. It is likely that this psychologist will therefore measure successful aging on a scale of:

life satisfaction.

A physician working with a terminally ill patient and his family suggest that they consider palliative care. This means that the patient would receive:

medications to provide pain relief and some physical therapy, as desired

The concept of plasticity in the nervous system refers to the fact that:

mental and physical exercise can offset age-related changes.

To evaluate the relationship between gender and psychological well-being, a researcher examines a set of 45 studies that all include similar types of measures. The researcher then is able to provide a measure of "effect size" to indicate the strength of the relationship. This type of approach is called a(n):

meta-analysis

In the Bronfenbrenner ecological model of development, which type of system has the most direct impact on the individual?

microsystem

The General Slowing Hypothesis proposes that older adults become slower primarily because of:

nervous system changes.

Because neurons do not replace themselves when they die, proponents of the ___________ model believe that aging inevitably involves declines in brain structures and functions.

neuronal fallout

Research on life satisfaction and personality on German emerging adults suggests that _____________ influences people's levels of well-being throughout across adulthood.

neuroticism

Creative potential refers, in Simonton's model, to which quality of an individual's ability to be productive throughout life?

number of truly original ideas

Findings on the effects of age on memory for events from the long-ago past, or remote memory, show that:

older adults remember visually better than they do verbally.

Older adults who eat a diet that includes food rich in ____________ are likely to experience some cognitive benefits.

omega-3

The training of health professionals to work with the older population should, based on trends in chronic disease prevalence, involve knowledge about coping with which type of illness?

osteoarthritis

A 72-year-old woman has been told by her physician that, because she is obese, she is putting increased weight on her joints, thus increasing her risk of developing the musculoskeletal disease known as:

osteoarthritis.

Clinicians seek to distinguish Alzheimer's disease from other neurocognitive disorders as soon as possible in their patients primarily because:

other disorders that look like Alzheimer's may be reversible if treated early on.

Experts worry that future generations of older adults will experience more age-related hearing loss due to which preventable behavior?

overuse of earphones in portable listening devices.

Unlike hospitals or nursing homes, hospices provide only______________ for their patients.

palliative care

Highly creative older adults such as Grandma Moses, according to one view, are high in the quality of:

passionate commitment.

According to research on stereotype threat, when older adults are made to feel aware of their age in a memory study, they will:

perform more poorly than otherwise.

Due to the tendency to engage in _______________, many older adults repeat the same words on tests of verbal fluency when they are asked to produce words that all begin with the same letter.

perserveration

The Rowe and Kahn definition of successful aging proposes that absence of ____________ is a component of successful aging.

physical health.

According to the _______ principle in development, individuals can positively alter the course of their own development by engaging in high levels of physical and intellectual exercise.

plasticity

Studies of successful aging fit into the perspective known as _______________ psychology, which attempts to understand people's strengths and virtues.

positive

Your best friend's grandparent always seems to have great advice whenever you are struggling in your relationship. This is because wise people are considered, in the Berlin Wisdom Paradigm, to be high in the ____________ of intelligence.

pragmatics

A young woman has noticed changes in her grandmother's behavior, including episodes of forgetting and confusion. When she goes to her grandmothers' home to visit, she notices in the bathroom a set of potentially psychoactive medications such as painkillers and anti-anxiety medications. A reasonable possibility for the granddaughter to consider is that her grandmother's symptoms are due to:

pseudodementia

Gerontologists recommend that older adults at risk of falling receive which type of intervention? Responses

reduce the fear of falling

The model of self-regulation and driving predicts that an older adult will continue to drive depends on the psychological factors of:

self-confidence and need for independence.

Vocabulary, factual information, and historical knowledge fall into the category of ____________ memory, a process not affected by aging.

semantic

The ____________________ perspective is supported by research showing that personality traits as they change through time affect levels of well-being.

set point

Treating dying individuals as nonpersons when they approach the end of their lives is known as _________ death.

social

Mixing up who said what in a conversation that happened in the past is an instance of ___________ memory failure, a problem that affects older more than younger adults.

source

According to the "paradox of well-being," older adults with health or financial limitations remain high on:

subjective well-being.

While playing her favorite video game, a 69-year-old woman notices that she does most poorly when she's required to wait for a certain target and only respond when it appears on the screen. This type of game is tapping what cognitive psychologists call _________ attention, known to be more difficult for older individuals.

sustained

Those who study death and dying believe that the main outcome of the work of Kübler-Ross was her emphasis on:

talking about death with those who are terminally ill.

Based on a study carried out in The Netherlands on verbal fluency and working memory, you would be most likely to preserve these important cognitive skills if you became a:

teacher

Critics of studies on aging and creativity point out that much of the research pays too little attention to:

the creative works of poets, writers, and dramatists. sociocultural factors that advantage certain segments of society.

Research following parents after the death of a child shows that:

the effects can last for as long as 20 years.

A team of cultural anthropologists are embarked on a field trip to South America to investigate the death ethos of a remote group of villagers. Which type of data would they need to answer their research questions?

the language people use to describe death

The ageist stereotype that older adults are "past their sell-by date," according to the World Health Organization, is refuted by the fact that: Responses

the majority of women in sub-Saharan Africa care for their grandchildren.

Studies of the neuroscience of creativity examine brain scans while individuals are involved in such cognitive tasks as:

thinking of analogies.

Through videogame training, researchers hope one day to demonstrate that the improvements in skills acquired in these platforms will help older adults improve in their everyday lives, a process known as:

transfer

In the condition known as ______________, the individual has difficulty controlling urination and feels the need to urinate more frequently than normal.

urge incontinence

The ability to respond to stimuli in the periphery, relevant to the driving skills of older adults, is called:

useful field of view.

Instruction manuals that use terms that are ________ are particularly challenging for older adults.

vague

Tests that are intended to measure personality need to meet psychometric criteria showing that they actually do relate to personality. These criteria refer to a test's:

validity