Adult/Child/Baby First Aid/CPR/AED

3 Emergency Steps

Check Call Care

You are working in a senior center when you hear a thud and someone yells out that a man has collapsed. The scene is safe, but the man appears unresponsive. What should you do next?

Check for responsiveness by using the shout-tap-shout sequence while checking for breathing, life-threatening bleeding and other life-threatening conditions

Is it okay for AED pads to touch each other?

No

Should you still use a tourniquet if the bleeding isn't life-threatening?

No Use direct pressure for non-life-threatening bleeding

If a gauze is soaked, can you remove the original one and replace it?

No. If the original gauze is soaked, place another one on top. If the top one is soaked, you can replace that one with a new one. Don't continue stacking gauzes, as this minimizes the pressure on the wound

When using a face shield on an infant, cover their _________________ with your mouth

Nose and mouth

Types of AED and which to use

Older 8 years and/or weighing more than 55 lbs - use adult AED Under 8 years old and/or under 55 lbs - use pedriatic AED

AED Placement for <8 years old or weighs <55 lbs

One on the chest, one in the back between shoulder blades

When giving breaths, tilt person's chin to open airway to which position?

Past-neutral

If you see an object in the infant's mouth, which finger(s) should you use to do a finger sweep?

Pinky finger

You can administer a second dose of epinephrine if the person is still having signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis 5-10 mins after administering the first dose and EMS hasn't arrived. T or F?

T It is important to help the person administer a second dose of the medication if they are still having signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis 5-10 mins after administering the first dose and EMS hasn't arrived

How may women experience heart attack symptoms differently from men?

The classic signs of a heart attack, like chest pain or pressure may be milder or accompanied by more of the general signs and symptoms like dizziness, shortness of breath, extreme fatigue, and so on

Is it important to note the time that signs and symptoms appeared in a person having a stroke?

Yes. This can be valuable info for EMS professionals

Can you apply a second tourniquet if the first one doesn't stop the bleeding?

Yes. You'll need to place the second one closer to the heart

What if the person is pregnant, too large, or in a wheel chair that it's not possible to do abdominal thrusts?

You can give chest thrusts

Continue giving CPR cycles until

You notice an obvious sign of life, such as breathing An AED is ready Another trained responder is available to take over compressions EMS personnel arrive and begin their care of the person You are alone and too tired to continue The scene becomes unsafe

Bleeding may be life-threatening when the amount of blood present is equal to about ...

Half of a soda can

Head-tilt/chin-lift technique for children

Slightly past-neutral A little less than adults

Caring for responsive choking adult or child consists of

5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts

How can you lower your risk of infection when giving breaths? A. Use breathing barrier B. Use a baby wipe C. Use eye protection D. Use no special equipment

A

What are you legally required to do before you touch a person when responding to an emergency? A. Get consent B. Tell the person what you are doing C. Call the person's next of kin D. Call 911

A

What is your risk of getting infected with a disease while giving first aid care? A. Low B. Medium C. High D. None

A

Components of High Quality CPR

- Compression rate 100-120 per minute - Compression depth at least 2 inches - Allow chest to return to normal position between compressions - Minimize necessary interruptions in chest compressions to <10 seconds - Breaths last about 1 second. Chest starts to rise

Signs and symptoms of opioid overdose

- Decreased breathing effort, for example, breathing slowly and perhaps only a few times a minute - Unresponsiveness - Bluish or grayish colored skin - Cardiac arrest

Caring for a person with suspected opioid overdose

- If The person with a suspected opiate overdose is unresponsive and not breathing (cardiac arrest), immediately begin CPR - Then, as soon as possible, assist family members with administering or, if allowed and trained administer naloxone You may assist a family member with administering naloxone to temporarily reverse the effects of opioids Naloxone may be given via nose using nasal atomizer or nasal spray or via injection using an auto-injector

Care for the person experiencing a heart attack by assisting with aspirin

- Make sure the person is awake, can follow simple commands, and can chew and swallow - Follow the general care steps for assisting with medication administration - Give the person 2 to 4 81 mg low-dose aspirin tablets or one 325 mg regular-strength aspirin tablet - Tell the person to chew the aspirin completely - If the person takes a prescribed medication for chest pain, such as nitroglycerin, assist them with it

Care for the person with a diabetic emergency by giving sugar

- Make sure the person is awake, can follow simple instructions, and can chew and swallow - Follow the general steps for assisting with medication administration - Give the person 15 to 20 gr of sugar. The recommended amount is 20 grams for adults and 15 grams for children. If possible, give glucose tablets, gel, or liquid. Other acceptable forms include: 7oz orange juice; 14oz milk, candy with fructose or sucrose su CB as 20-25 skittles, 2 strips of fruit rolls, or 10-20 jelly beans

Signs and symptoms of diabetic emergency

- Trouble breathing - Fast and/or deep breathing - Feeling weak, different, or unresponsive - Sweating - Fast heartbeat

What defines a child?

1 - ~12 (or until puberty)

During an emergency, what should you check first? A. Check the person B. Check the scene for safety C. Check the injury or illness D. Check that someone called 911

B

Care for the person with a stroke

1. Call 911 2. Note the time that signs and symptoms started 3. Stay with the person and provide reassurance until help arrives 4. If the person is responsive but not fully awake, drooling or having trouble swallowing, put them in the recovery position 5. Monitor the person until EMS arrives

If you think a person is in cardiac arrest

1. Call or instruct some to call 911 and get AED and first aid kit 2. Begin CPR immediately 3. Use AED ASAP

Caring for an unresponsive choking adult or child

1. Carefully lower them to a firm, flat surface 2. Begin CPR, starting with compressions 3. Before attempting breaths, open the mouth and look for an object. If you see an object, do a finger sweep. DO NOT do a finger sweep if you don't see an object

Steps to assist someone with medication

1. Explain to the person what you are going to do 2. Offer to get their medication 3. Ask them to confirm that you have the right medication 4. Assemble the medication device, if necessary 5. Give them the medication to self-administer

To give Abdominal Thrusts

1. Find navel with 2 fingers 2. Move behind the person 3. Place your front foot in between the person's feet with your knees slightly bent to give balance and stability 4. Make a fist with your other hand and place the thumb side against the person's stomach, right above your two fingers 5. Take your first hand and cover your fist with it 6. Pull inward and upward to give 5 abdominal thrusts (Each abdominal thrust should be separate from the others)

Care for person with anaphylaxis

1. Follow general care steps for assisting with medication administration 2. Hold the person's leg firmly to limit movement 3. Encourage them to use epinephrine auto injector as directed by their healthcare provider 4. Massage or have them massage the injection area for 10 seconds

Care for a person having an asthma attack

1. Follow general care steps for assisting with medication administration 2. Shake the inhaler 3. Remove the mouthpiece cover and attach spacing device if necessary 4. Give the device to the person 5. Encourage the person to use it as directed by their healthcare provider

Caring for the person in shock

1. Give care according to your level of training 2. Have them assume a comfortable position or lay flat on their back 3. Maintain body temperature 4. Don't give them anything to eat or drink 5. Provide reassurance 6. Continue to monitor person's condition

Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis

1. History of allergies 2. Signs of allergic reaction (vomiting, hives, nausea, etc.) 3. Shock 4. Change in responsiveness 5. Trouble breathing 6. Swelling of face, neck, tongue or lips

Signs of choking

1. Holding the neck 2. Looks panicked, confused or surprised 3. Coughing, high-pitched squeaking, trying to cough, speak or cry but you can't hear any noise coming out

To give chest thrusts

1. Make a fist with one hand 2. Place the thumb side on your fist on the center of the person's chest 3. Grab your fist with the other hand 5. Give 5 quick thrusts to the chest

Action Steps When Someone Is Choking

1. Obtain Consent 2. Verify that they are choking 3. Call or get someone to call 911 4. Give care according to your level or training

Heart Attack Signs and Symptoms

1. Persistent chest pain, pressure or squeezing 2. Isolated, unexplained discomfort in arms, neck, jaw, back, or stomach 3. Dizziness or light-headedness 4. Trouble breathing, including shortness of breath 5. Pale, gray, bluish skin 6. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea 7. Extreme fatigue 8. Sweating 9. A feeling of anxiety or impending doom 10. Unresponsiveness

To give back blows to an infant

1. Place the infant's back along your forearm 2. Place the other forearm on the infant's front, supporting the infant's jaw with your thumb and fingers 3. Turn the infant face-down position and hold them along your forearm using your thigh for support and keeping the infant's head lower than their body 4. Use the heel of your hand to give 5 form back blows between the shoulder blades (Each back blow should be separate from the others)

Giving chest thrusts to an infant

1. Position infant between your forearms, support the head and neck, and turn the infant face-up 2. Lower the infant on to your thigh with their head lower than their chest 3. Place two fingers in the center of the infant's chest, just below the nipple line 4. Give 5 quick chest thrusts about 1.5 inches deep (each thrust should be separate from the others) 5. Let the chest return to its normal position between each thrust, keeping your fingers in contact with the chest

To give back blows

1. Position yourself to the side and slightly behind the choking person 2. Place one arm diagonally across the person's chest 3. Bend the person at the waist to that their body is as parallel to the ground as possible 4. Firmly strike the person to give 5 back blows between the shoulder blades with the heel of your hand (Each blow should be separate from the others)

Signs and symptoms of shock

1. Rapid, weak heartbeat 2. Rapid breathing 3. Pale, grayish, cool, moist skin 4. Changes in levels of consciousness ranging from unresponsive to confused, irritable, restless 5. Nausea or vomiting 6. Excessive thirst

signs of an asthma attack

1. Wheezing or coughing 2. Rapid, shallow breathing or trouble breathing 3. Being unable to talk without stopping for a breath in between every few words 4. Anxiety and fear 5. Change in behavior, including being unresponsive 6. Sweating

Chest compression rate for children

100-120 per minute

Compression Rate for Infants

100-120 per minute

Tourniquets are not recommended for kids under ...

2 years of age Direct pressure should work fine

Where to place a tourniquet?

2-3 inches above wound Somewhere between the wound and the heart Don't put the tourniquet on the wound or on a joint

What do you normally start with in a CPR cycle?

30 compressions, then move on to 2 breaths. Continue the cycle

CPR Cycle for Infants

30:2

Compression to breath ratio (CPR cycle)

30:2

When you check a responsive person who does not have a life-threatening emergency, what should you do after asking them questions about their signs and symptoms, allergies, medications and medical conditions? A. Do a focused check B. Put them in a recovery position C. Check their heart rate D. Begin CPR and use an AED

A

What are some things to keep in mind about wearing gloves when giving first aid care? (All that apply) A. Avoid touching other surfaces B. Wash your hands after taking off your gloves C. Wearing gloves increased your risk of transmitting infection D. You don't need to wear gloves when caring for a child

A, B

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of shock? Select all that apply A. Grayish skin B. Nausea C. Confusion D. Flushed skin E. Slow heartbeat

A, B, C

When there are 2 or more trained responders, one person will give CPR while the other person sets up the AED. When will the responders switch roles? Select all that apply A. After pushing the shock button B. Never. Responders should not switch roles C. During the 2nd cycle of CPR, between giving compressions and giving breaths D. After the AED says that no shock is advised E. During the 3rd cycle of CPR, after giving breaths

A; D

Chest compression depth for children

ABOUT 2 inches In adults it's AT LEAST 2 inches

Compression Depth for Infants

About 1.5 inches

Chest compression position for small child

Almost like adults, but with only one hand If you can compress deep enough

When a person has life-threatening bleeding from arm or leg

Apply a tourniquet as soon as possible. Until a tourniquet is available, apply direct pressure on the wound

You have a first aid kit and are about to give care to a coworker who is unresponsive and not breathing. After calling 911 and getting equipment, what should you do before giving care, if possible? A. Put on a gown B. Put on latex-free disposable gloves C. Put on eye protection D. Put on a mask

B Eye protection, mask, and gown are not necessary giving CPR and using AED since there is no risk of blood spurting on to the face or body

Causes of Cardiac Arrest

Blockage of blood vessels giving oxygen to the heart Drowning Breathing emergency Trauma

Most common causes of cardiac arrest in children and infants

Breathing emergencies Shock Abnormalities in heart structure or function from birth

What is the THIRD and FINAL emergency action step? A. Call B. Check C. Care D. Consent

C

What is the best approach to lowering risk of infection when giving first aid care? A. Use latex-free disposable gloves B. Use eye protection C. Always wash your hands asap after giving care D. Make sure you know the person before giving care

C

Which of the following would cause you to suspect an emergency situation? A. Children running, screaming, and laughing at the park B. A toddler throwing a tantrum in a store C. A woman who appears unresponsive on the sidewalk D. A man breathing heavily after a run

C

Which of the following is best to use when controlling life-threatening bleeding? A. Gauze pad B. Clean t-shirt C. Hemostatic dressing D. Paper towel

C If it isn't available, you can use gauze or a t-shirt

What to do with someone who has life-threatening bleeding

Call 911 or get someone to do so Get a bleeding control/first aid kit and an AED or tell someone to do so

How long should you wash your hands? A. At least 10 seconds B. At least 5 seconds C. At least 15 seconds D. At least 20 seconds

D

If soap and water aren't available, you can use which of the following instead to lower your risk for infection? A. Baby wipe B. Sunscreen C. Hand lotion D. Alcohol-based hand sanitizer

D

Techniques for chest compressions for infants

Encircling Thumbs Two Fingers Technique

When giving CPR to an unresponsive choking infant, what CPR technique should you use?

Encircling thumbs technique

Recovery Position

Extend person's arm that is closest to you above their head Roll the person towards you onto their side so that their head rests on their outstretched arm Bend both knees to stabilize their body

A person should never self-administer more than one dose of quick-relief medication via inhaler for an asthma attack. T or F?

F More than one dose of medication may be needed to stop the asthma attack. The medication may be repeated after 10-15 mins

FAST

Face, Arm, Speech, Time

Spurting blood instead of continuous flow means it's not life-threatening. T or F?

False. This can still be life-threatening

The call step involves calling 911, or telling someone else to do so, and what else?

Getting the AED, a first aid kit, a bleeding control kit (if needed), or telling someone else to get these things

What if a person has cardiac arrest due to drowning?

Give 2 initial breaths before starting 30:2 cycles

If the responsive choking person becomes unresponsive, what care should you give?

Give CPR (give compressions, look for object, give breaths)

If the person cannot give consent, or if the parent or legal guardian is not present, consent is

Implied

When giving breaths using a pocket mask, what is the techno le for opening the person's airway?

Lift the person's face into the mask to open the airway to a past-neutral position

Purpose of recovery position

Lowers risk of choking and aspiration

Three steps of windlass rod tourniquet

Pull Twist Clip

Your coworker fell off a tall ladder an hit their head. They have a big lump and are bleeding a lot. You suspect a life-threatening injury. You tell them you are trained in first aid and you want to help. They tell you know; that they are fine and it is no big deal. What should you do?

Respect that they didn't give you consent to help them. But you call 911, or tell someone else to do so, if you think they need help

Chest compression position for a regular sized child

Same as adults

Check for unresponsiveness

Shout - Tap - Shout

SAM acronym

Signs & Symptoms Allergies Medications & Medical Conditions

I. A small child or an infant, bleeding may be life-threatening when the amount of blood loss is less than about half of what a soda can contains. T or F?

True

Body position to stop bleeding

Two hands on the wound, pressing down hard, even if it's painful for them Shoulders over hands Elbows locked If you need your hands, put pressure with your knee

What defines an infant?

Under the age of 1

Identifying cardiac arrest

Unresponsive Not breathing (or gasping breaths) No heartbeat

Use your sense of sight to determine if an emergency exists

Unusual appearances or behaviors: Person who is moaning, staggering, appearing unresponsive or clutching their throat

Use your sense of hearing to determine if an emergency exists

Unusual noises: Screaming, crashing, crying

Use your sense of smell to determine if an emergency exists

Unusual odors: Chemical or other noxious smells

Head-Tilt/Chin-Lift Technique for Infants

Up to neutral position

AED placement

Upper right side of chest Lower left side of chest, a few inches below left armpit

How can you tell if bleeding is life-threatening?

Volume Flow