adulthood test 1

75-year-old Mrs. A. has difficulty with her vision due to cataracts but her friend Mrs. B., also 75, can see perfectly. However, Mrs. B.'s arthritis makes it difficult for her to walk while Mrs. A. recently ran a senior marathon. This example illustrates which principle of adult development and aging? a. interindividual differences. b. Normal aging is different from disease. c. Survivors are an increasingly select group. d. Changes are continuous over the life span.

a

A 77-year-old man has loved to jog for his entire life, and he is still able to keep up a pretty good pace. However, he is suffering hearing loss which makes it difficult for him to enjoy the music he likes to play while out on his run. In addition, he's noticing that it's getting harder for him to see the street signs unless the sun is brightly shining. This man illustrates which principle of aging? a. multidirectionality b. tertiary aging c. survivor effects d. continuity

a

Because the _____________ are the individuals we study in later life, researchers caution that the findings may not be true for everyone born in a given period of time. a.survivors b. institutionalized c. less able d. young-old

a

How does the fact that older adults are survivors influence research on aging? A.The available samples are positively selected on important characteristics. b. Psychological studies have less validity than studies on biology of aging. c. Researchers must adapt their test instruments to accommodate them

a

In the cross-sectional design, a. groups of people differing in age are studied at the same point in time. b. participants are presented with a novel task, and researchers follow their mastery over a series of closely spaced sessions. c. participants are studied repeatedly at different ages, and changes are noted as they get older.

a

In the process called identity ______________, people are able to accept negative information about themselves as part of their sense of self without feeling unduly disturbed or devastated. a.accommodation b. assimilation c. reflection d. balance

a

Researchers studying the volume of the hippocampus within the brain showed the importance of examining individual differences in aging by finding that: a. at least some older adults studied had equal or higher brain volume than some young adults. b. most of the adults 70 and older had greater hippocampal volume than the younger adults. c. the overall direction of hippocampal volume change was slightly positive starting at age 30.

a

Sex refers to the __________, whereas gender refers to the __________. a.biological dimension; social/cultural dimension. b. social dimension; biological dimension. c.person's identity; person's role. d. person's role; person's identity.

a

The ________________ principle of adult development and aging proposes that changes build on themselves over life in a cumulative fashion. a.continuity b. selection c.normative d. individuality

a

The behavioral genetics method in which genetic researchers study the genomes of family members who seem to have a higher risk of developing a particular disorder is known as what type of study? a. genome-wide linkage b. multiple threshold c. selective optimization d. genome-wide association

a

The changes that individuals experience in income and residence when they retire and move out of the home where they spent their working lives would fall into the ____________ domain of the biopsychosocial model. a.social b.cognitive c. biological

a

The idea of being "on-time" or "off-time" in achieving major life goals is considered an important element of adjustment in the __________ model. a. social clock b. disengagement c. identity process d. role fulfillment

a

The large impact that Hurricane Sandy had on residents of the Northeast U.S. in 2012 makes it a ________________ influence on development. a.normative history-graded b.normative age-graded c. personal aging d. secondary aging

a

The modernization hypothesis of ageism proposes that attitudes toward older adults will be most negative in societies that: a. value people for the amount they can produce and contribute to society. b. insist that older adults try to "fit in" by looking as young as possible. c. do not believe in an afterlife in which people can come back from the dead. d. emphasize oral traditions in which families hand down collective wisdom.

a

The number of years a person can expect to live with relatively little disability is known as: a. health expectancy b. morbidity-free span c. functional age d. life span projection

a

Which model of development emphasizes the influence you have on the other people in your home, school, and community (p. 25)? a.Reciprocal b. Organismic c. Contextual d. Mechanistic

a

Which of the following would be considered a "social" age-related factor in the biopsychosocial perspective? a. Becoming a grandparent. b. No answer text provided. c. Improving in wisdom. d. Losing muscle strength.

a

Of the following areas of aging, which would be considered a "biological" component of the biopsychosocial model? a. loss of a spouse. b. Changes in muscle mass. c.Retirement from a job. d. Gains in vocabulary skills.

b

The behavioral genetics method in which genetic researchers scan the entire genome looking for signs of genetic disorders is known as what type of study? a. mutation analysis b. genome-wide association c. random error investigation d. genome-wide linkage

b

The rapid loss of functioning that individuals may experience at the very end of their lives is known as _________ aging: a. primary b. tertiary c. normal

b

The term life ______ refers to the maximum number of years that a species lives, reflecting its genetic inheritance. a. length/expectancy b. span c. limit d. potential

b

When the unhealthy members of a sample die out, the scores of the survivors seem to "rise" even though they may not change in reality. This research problem in studies on aging is referred to as: a.time of testing. b.selective attrition. c.qualitative analysis. d.sequential growth.

b

A 70-year-old who refuses to think of herself as hearing impaired even though she truly has difficulty hearing conversations at ordinary levels, would be considered to show which identity process? a. Identity accommodation b. Ego integrity c. Identity assimilation d. Secondary aging

c

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological model of development, the macrosystem includes: a. friends, family, and others who the individual knows. b. changes that occur in systems over time. c. culture, nationality, and the economic structure. d. the community and healthcare agencies.

c

In Erikson's theory, which of the following behaviors would be considered specific to a person high in generativity? a. Appreciating a beautiful work of art. b. Becoming independent from one's parents. c. Mentoring a younger colleague.

c

In the Bronfenbrenner ecological model of development, which type of system is it when work-related stress spilled over at home? a. macrosystem b. exosystem c. mesosystem d. microsystem

c

The telomere theory proposes that the cause of aging is due to: a. deterioration of the mitochondria. b. release of free radicals. c. destruction of the ends of chromosomes. d. cross-linking of long ends of proteins.

c

The view that development is best viewed as continuous throughout life is referred to as the __________ perspective a.contextual b.gerontological c. life span development d. sociocultural

c

As an example for the plasticity principle in development (p. 24), individuals can alter the course of their own development by: a. describing the changes that occur in their bodies. b. no means. c. accelerating the rate of the social clock. d. engaging in physical and mental exercise.

d

As proposed by terror management theory, the cause of ageism can be traced to a. greater urbanization and industrialization in society. b. lack of familiarity about the aging process. c. loss of contact with older adults in the family. d. the anxiety that people feel about their own deaths.

d

By 2015, the percentage of people in the United States population 65 years and older is: a. 36.7 b. 40.2 c. 3.1 d. 14.9

d

The changes that take place over time, according to Bronfenbrenner's ecological model of development, fall into the realm of the: a. social clock b. age strata c. macrosystem d. chronosystem

d

When people are first confronted with new ideas or approaches, they often resist accepting them and instead use their existing schemas or ways of responding. According to Piaget, this process is called: a. accommodation b.equilibrium c. epigenesis d. assimilation

d