aemt

There is 0.5 mg/10 mL of epinephrine in an auto-injector. How many milligrams (mg) would you deliver if you administered 5 milliliters (mL)?

0.25

Which of the following represents a "standard" drug dose?

1 mg

The MOST appropriate administration set to use for a patient who requires rapid fluid replacement is one that delivers 1 mL of IV fluid per:

10 drops.

A 7-year-old child has swallowed a bottle of aspirin. Medical control orders you to give the child 0.5 g/kg of activated charcoal. Based on the child's weight of 45 pounds, how much charcoal will you administer?

10 g

One deciliter (dL) is equivalent to:

100 mL

How many grams are present in 25 mL of 50% dextrose (D50)?

12.5 g

A 44-year-old man is experiencing a ventricular dysrhythmia. Medical control orders your paramedic partner to administer 1.5 mg/kg of lidocaine to the patient, who weighs 185 pounds. Lidocaine is supplied in a concentration of 100 mg/10mL. How many milliliters should your partner administer to this patient?

12.6 mL

Prior to administering oral glucose to your diabetic patient, you look at the dosage, which reads 15g. How many milligrams is this equivalent to?

15,000

How many pounds does a 90-kg patient weigh?

198 lb

A severely injured patient has lost approximately 750 mL of blood. What is the appropriate volume of crystalloid solution to administer to the patient?

2,250 mL

During an attempted resuscitation of a 9-year-old boy in cardiac arrest, your paramedic partner asks you to prepare epinephrine in a dose of 0.01 mg/kg. The child's mother tells you that he weighs approximately 65 pounds. You have a prefilled syringe of epinephrine containing 1 mg in 10 mL. How many milliliters should be administered to this child?

3 mL

You are performing an interfacility transport of a patient that will take approximately 15 minutes. The patient has an IV line of normal saline set at a rate of 125 mL/hr. What is the approximate total fluid amount this patient will receive during the transport?

30 mL

Medical control has ordered you to start an IV on a dehydrated patient and administer normal saline at a rate of 200 mL/hr. Using macrodrip (10 gtts/mL) tubing and an 18-gauge catheter, how many drops per minute will you set the flow rate at?

33

You receive an order from medical control to start an IV of lactated ringers and administer 150 mL/hr. Using macrodrip (15 gtts/mL) tubing, how many drops per minute will you set the flow rate at?

38

A 40-year-old female requires a medication to decrease her heart rate. The medication to be administered is supplied in a prefilled syringe in a concentration of 6 mg/2 mL. How many milliliters are required to achieve a dose of 12 mg?

4 mL

A 68-year-old female with unstable bradycardia requires 0.5 mg of atropine. Your paramedic partner opens a prefilled syringe of atropine containing 1 mg/10mL. How many milliliters should be administered to the patient?

5 mL

What percentage of water accounts for the total body weight?

60%

After starting an IV on a patient, you set the flow at a "KVO" rate. How many drops per minute does this rate deliver?

8 to 15

Which of the following represents the official name for aspirin?

Acetylsalicylic acid, USP

Which of the following is a systemic complication associated with IV therapy?

Air embolus

Which of the following medications would the AEMT help a patient self-administer?

Albuterol

f you administered naloxone (Narcan) to a patient who overdosed on morphine, what effect would occur?

Antagonism

Which of the following medications or solutions can be administered through an intraosseous line?

Anything that you can administer via an IV

Which of the following techniques is appropriate when cannulating a vein?

Apply traction to the vein and insert the needle with the bevel side up at a 45° angle

As you are treating a patient, he tells you that he has a bleeding ulcer and took Cialis 12 hours ago. Which of the following medications are contraindicated for this patient?

Aspirin and nitroglycerin

A 17-year-old female is experiencing a mild asthma attack. You auscultate her lungs and hear expiratory wheezing. In addition to oxygen, which of the following classifications of medication would be indicated for this patient?

Beta-2 agonist

Which of the following electrolytes determines whether or not the body is acidotic or alkalotic?

Bicarbonate

Which of the following is NOT a form of liquid drug?

Capsule

Which of the following statements regarding intraosseous infusion is correct?

Compared to an IV line, fluid does not flow well into the bone because of resistance

What is the difference between a crystalloid and a colloid solution?

Crystalloids do not contain large protein molecules

Which of the following is NOT a physiologic effect of sympathetic nervous system stimulation?

Decreased heart rate

What is the mechanism of aspirin when given to a patient who is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction?

Decreases platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction

A 70-year-old man presents with generalized weakness and dizziness. His blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg when he is sitting, 96/56 mm Hg when he is standing. His heart rate is 120 beats/min and his skin is flushed and dry. What is the MOST likely cause of this patient's signs and symptoms?

Dehydration

As an AEMT, which of the following medications would you be allowed to administer to a patient?

Epinephrine

Which of the following would be LEAST likely to result in overhydration?

Excessive GI drainage

A patient with congestive heart failure requires medication administration. Which of the following IV solutions would be MOST appropriate to use?

Five percent dextrose in water

Which of the following is the MOST significant complication associated with IV therapy in geriatric patients?

Fluid overloading.

Although painful and difficult to manage, what is the location of choice for starting IVs in pediatric patients?

Hand vein

In addition to administering supplemental oxygen, what is the MOST appropriate management for a patient with circulatory overload caused by excessive IV fluid administration?

Head elevated, medical control notified

A 50-year-old patient complains of abdominal muscle cramps and spasms of his hands. Which of the following electrolyte disturbances does this patient MOST likely have?

Hypocalcemia

You administer 0.4 mg of nitroglycerin to your 55-year-old patient with chest pain. Which of the following adverse reactions should you be MOST observant for?

Hypotension

Which of the following signs indicate narcotic-induced CNS depression and would indicate the administration of naloxone?

Hypoventilation

Which of the following steps for drawing medication from a vial is NOT necessary when drawing medication from an ampule?

Injecting air into the container before withdrawing the drug.

Which of the following medication administration routes would result in uneven, unreliable absorption if given to a patient with decreased peripheral perfusion?

Intramuscular

Which of the following medication routes will provide the MOST rapid rate of absorption?

Intraosseous

Which of the following is the smallest unit of weight?

Microgram

Which of the following medications could be administered via the intranasal route with a mucosal atomizer device?

Naloxone

Which of the following medications could cause a potentially fatal interaction if given within 24 to 36 hours of Viagra, Cialis, or Levitra?

Nitroglycerin

What is the term used to describe the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of a drug?

Pharmacokinetics

You respond to a call for an unresponsive diabetic. Upon arrival, you find a 23-year-old female unresponsive on her couch. During your assessment, you determine that her blood glucose level is 38 mg/dL. You attempt to start an IV, but are unsuccessful after several attempts. Which of the following routes could be used as a last resort to administer 50% dextrose?

Rectal

You are transporting a patient with an IV of D5W. Which of the following signs would be atypical of infiltration?

Redness around the IV site

Which DEA classification is given to a drug that has no accepted medical uses and a high abuse and dependence potential?

Schedule

Because it has accepted medical uses, a low abuse potential, and a limited dependence potential, lorazepam (Ativan) is classified as a:

Schedule IV drug

Which of the following electrolytes is essential for the distribution of water throughout the body?

Sodium

Which of the following statements regarding subcutaneous injections is correct?

Subcutaneous injections are usually given with a 24-gauge to 26-gauge needle

Which of the following is NOT a crystalloid?

Whole blood

An important neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic nervous system is:

acetylcholine

The sympathetic nervous system is also known as the:

adrenergic nervous system.

Subcutaneous injections deliver the medication:

between the skin and the muscle.

A parasympatholytic drug blocks the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system by:

binding to receptors and blocking the release of acetylcholine.

An agonistic drug is defined as one that:

binds to a receptor site and stimulates a response.

Factors that alter a patient's response to a drug include:

body mass and psychologic factors.

dverse reactions associated with epinephrine include all of the following, EXCEPT:

bradycardia

An ion that has an overall positive charge is called a/an:

cation

When starting an IV on an elderly patient, you should be aware that:

certain medications can create fragile skin and veins.

A 40-year-old man with diabetes has a blood glucose level of 38 mg/dL. However, because he is unconscious and unable to swallow oral glucose, the medication is:

contraindicated

When replacing lost volume with crystalloids, it is important to remember that:

crystalloids do not have the capacity of carrying oxygen

Factors that can cause an insufficient or absent flow of fluid through an IV line include:

crystalloids do not have the capacity of carrying oxygen.

After inserting an IV catheter into a vein, you should:

decrease the angle of the catheter to 15° and insert the catheter a few mm farther.

Compounds or charges concentrated on one side of a cell membrane will move across it to an area of lower concentration to maintain balance on both sides of the cell wall. This process is called:

diffusion

After removing the stylet from the IV catheter, you should next:

dispose of the needle in the appropriate container.

A hypertonic solution is one that:

draws fluid and electrolytes out of the cell.

Substances that become charged particles when they disassociate in water are called:

electrolytes

Signs and symptoms of an air embolus include all of the following, EXCEPT:

facial flushing.

Compared to drugs such as phenobarbital and diazepam (Valium), heroin:

has a much higher potential for abuse and dependence.

The MOST common contraindication for any medication is:

hypersensitivity

A solution that has a greater concentration of sodium than does the cell is referred to as being:

hypertonic

A solution that hydrates the cells while depleting the vascular compartment is referred to as being:

hypotonic

Your patient is a 56-year-old man with chest pain. Medical control orders you to assist the patient with his prescribed nitroglycerin. The patient later tells you that the palms of his hands itch. His vital signs, however, remain stable. This peculiar effect of the drug is referred to as a/an:

idiosyncratic reaction.

Once the "pigtail" that covers the access port of a bag of IV fluid has been removed, the fluid must be used:

immediately

Excessive exposure to a cholinergic agent would produce:

increased salivation, urination, and vomiting.

A patient is given a medication that possesses a positive chronotropic effect. This means that it:

increases the heart rate.

When inserting an IV into the external jugular vein, you should:

insert the catheter with the tip pointing toward the shoulder.

When administering nitroglycerin via the sublingual route, you should:

instruct the patient not to chew or swallow the medication.

Nitroglycerin is especially useful in treating patients with cardiac ischemia because it:

is a vasodilator and lowers preload on the heart.

Compared to a 16-gauge catheter, a 22-gauge catheter would be more appropriate for an elderly patient because:

it reduces the risk of fluid extravasation.

Filtration, a type of diffusion, is commonly used to clean the blood via the:

kidneys

When choosing an IV site on an elderly patient, you should:

know that varicose veins allow minimal circulation.

The term applied to the practice of preventing contamination of the patient when performing an invasive procedure is called:

medical asepsis.

To calculate a drug dosage, you must know the weight of the drug present in each:

milliliter

An isotonic solution is one that causes:

no change in the shape of the cell.

Shortly after starting an IV on a patient with a possible femur fracture, the patient experiences a sudden onset of shortness of breath and develops cyanosis. After reassessing airway patency and breathing adequacy, you should position the patient:

on the left side with the head down.

When attaching an administration set to a bag of IV fluid and priming the IV tubing, you should ensure that the drip chamber is:

one half full.

Contraindications for intraosseous infusion include all of the following, EXCEPT:

patients who are in cardiac arrest or status epilepticus.

The study of the properties and effects of medications on the body is called:

pharmacology

A teratogenic drug is one that

poses a risk to a developing fetus.

The enhancement or action of one drug by another drug is called:

potentiation

Bioavailability is defined as the:

rate and extent to which an active drug enters the general circulation.

You are attempting to start an IV in a vein on the back of your patient's hand. As you insert the catheter, the patient complains of sudden, severe shooting pain followed by numbness in the extremity. You should:

remove the catheter and choose another site.

Following insertion of a needle into a patient's skin to administer an intramuscular injection, you pull back on the plunger and note the presence of blood in the syringe. You should:

remove the needle and apply pressure to the site.

A patient in cardiac arrest requires defibrillation with an AED. You remove his shirt and see a nitroglycerin patch applied to his right upper chest. You should:

remove the patch and wipe off the excess medication.

A predictable, yet adverse response to a drug, is called a/an:

side effect.

When administered to a normally hydrated patient, normal saline will:

stay in the intravascular space.

Prior to administering an oral medication to a patient, you must:

take standard precautions.

A drug's therapeutic index refers to:

the difference between a therapeutic and lethal dose.

Before you can calculate an IV drip rate, you must know all of the following information, EXCEPT

the gauge of the IV catheter you will use.

Nitroglycerin relaxes vascular smooth muscle, dilates the coronary arteries, and relieves cardiac chest pain. These properties of nitroglycerin are called:

therapeutic effects.

A stable patient requires an IV line in the event that medication therapy is needed. When selecting the appropriate vein, you should first attempt to cannulate the:

vein on the hand.

If used in pediatric patients, butterfly catheters are commonly placed in the:

veins of the scalp.

Once the protective wrap is removed from a bag of IV fluid, the fluid must be used:

within 24 hours.

When administering a medication via the intranasal route with a mucosal atomizer device, it is important to remember that:

you must spray half of the medication dose into each nostril.

You are unable to establish an IV on a critically injured conscious patient. What route should you use for gaining vascular access?

Intraosseous

Which of the following routes is the quickest for getting medication into the central circulation?

Intravenous

__________ solutions provide a stable medium for the administration of medications and provide effective fluid and electrolyte replacement.

Isotonic

What role does phosphorus play in the body?

It is an important component in the formation of adenosine triphosphate.

Why should five percent dextrose in water (D5W) be avoided in patients with severe brain trauma?

It may increase intracranial pressure.