africa review set, Art Test #4 ch.14 MESOAMERICA, Art History in Culture Exam 2, Art History ch18, Exam 3 Practice Questions, ch. 15, Test #5 - Multiple Choice A, Art History: South and Southeast Asia before 1200, Chapter 10: The Islamic World, Art H...

congo river

what was the principal transportation route for the peoples of central africa during the 19th century, fostering trade and cultural exchange?

Why did the socially complex and technologically advanced cultures of the Americas not develop the wheel?

with the exception of the llama, the people did not have large pack animals

What architectural feature has been found in nearly all Mesoamerican cultures?

a ballcourt

Teotihuacan city

a central hub for civic, economic, and religious activities

main association for socialization and initiation

senufo men dance many masks, most in the context of the poro society. describe this society.

At LaVenta, the Olmec built what?

temple-pyramids of clay and earth on a ceremonial plaza complex aligned on a north-south axis.

Which site did the Aztec visit with a deep sense of reverence?

teotihuacan

Djenne

________ was a walled town circa 800 CE that had a diverse population and many specialist workshops.

The feathered serpent is one guise of which Mesoamerican Mexican deity?

quetzalcoatl

Senfo

Masquerades have long been a quintessential African expressive form loaded with meaning and cultural importance. Masquerades provided governmental functions for stateless societies. Which group of peoples would have masquerades?

Mesoamerican time frame

2000 BCE-300 CE

Colossal head is from what time?

900-400 BCE

ritual context

A "horned headdress" on the running female from Tassili can signify _________."

men's house of words

A Dogmon men's hous, or togu na, is important to the community because the deliberations, which take place under the sheltering roof, are vital to the community. What would be an accurate English translation of the meaning of togu na?

stool

African art serves to elevate and bring distinction to the leader. What art form would perform that function?

celt

Ax-shaped form that were buried as votive offerings.

What is Colossal head made from?

Basalt, 9'4' high

her size, might indicate importance

Considerable literature exists today that describes, analyzes, and interprets the meaning of rock art. Although precise meaning is still problematic, what could be used to describe the role of the running woman from Tassili?

Which of the following was typical of Mayan art and architecture?

Creation of huge ceremonial centers

conventionalized, flattened heads

Describe the Akan style trait that is found in both clay and wood sculpture.

Like most Mesoamerican cities, Teotihuacán had a mural program. One mural features a goddess, earth or nature, thought to be the city's principal deity. Among the motifs ascribed to this deity are human hearts that were essential attributes in the Mesoamerican ritual of human sacrifice. Which of the following is an explanation for the ritual of human sacrifice?

Essential to agricultural renewal

marks of titled status

Facial stripping is used as an indicator in African societies for __________?

Stone

Great Zimbabwe is unusual because it is made of what material?

Which of the following was one of the purposes of Maya ritual?

Guaranteed the order of the state and the cosmos

ideals of female beauty, mortality and behavior, large forehead symbolizes wisdom, neck design-beauty and health, and the plaited hair the order of ideal households

How do Mende masks symbolize the ancestral female spirits?

Dogon is highly stylized

How does the sculpture of the Dogon differ from the sculpture of the Kongo?

beauty

In African art, scarification symbolizes?

women were the first ancestors to imitate spirit maskers and thus the first human masquerades

In Dogon society, the Satimbe mask represents all women and commemorates the creation legend. Describe part of that legend?

Nok

In which group are women the principal creators of ceramics and clay sculpture?

Mende

In which society can women control and dance certain masks

How did the division of labor affect Mesoamerican societies?

It created a hierarchy which formed the social organization of the societies

heal and give life, or sometimes inflict harm, disease or death

Kongo nkisi n'kondi are believed to ____________.

rule

Kongo nkisi n'kondi figures each have their own __________.

nkisi n'kondi

Kongo peoples have power figures that a trained priest must concentrate. These figures embody powerful spirits. What are those figures called?

Colossal Head is from where?

La Venta, Mexico

Niger

Large groups of ceramic sculpture dating between 1000 and 1600 CE have been excavated from which inland delta area?

Colossal Head is what period and culture?

Mesoamerican and Olmec

The layout of the La Venta site is an early form of the temple-pyramid and plaza complex. Which of the following is a possible explanation for the temple-pyramid?

Mimics the sacred mountain

"mother culture" of Mesoamerica

Olmec

disturb or ruin the object's original contexts

One of the major problems impending a precise African chronology is widespread illegal "treasure hunting." Describe a consequence of this activity?

What does Mayan architecture signify?

Power of ruler

The Pyramid of the Sun

Pyramid found in ancient Teotihuacan 200-feet tall and compares to Great Pyramid of Khufu at Giza

black market

Recently, many Nok style works have left Nigeria through __________?

Teotihuacán as well as its key pyramids are carefully oriented. Which of the following is the commonly suggested reasoning for such placement?

Related to astronomical phenomena

Which of the following supports the importance of San Lorenzo and La Venta to Olmec culture?

Represented the structure and ideals of olmec society

south africa

Rock painting was among the most ancient traditions in african art and continued the 19th century. some scenes depict the prescience of euroepans. many examples had been found in which country?

Southern Algeria

Tassili is in which country?

conceive

The Akan akua'ba sculptures are consecrated at shrines for young women to carry in over to _______.

a person authorized to speak for a king/ chief

The Akan linguist staff becomes a metaphor for the king or chief and can be carried into a meeting where an individual would be contesting the king's title to the stool. Who would carry this staff?

Installation, funerals, and in festivals reaffirming the sacred power of the ruler

The Ife figures from the Yoruba kingdom in the Lower Niger River region served mainly in rituals focused on ____________?

to honor ala the earth goddess

The Igbo peoples traditionally build mbari houses. Why are mbari houses built?

covered both the head and the abstract body with polished copper and brass to create gleaming surfaces

The Kota of Gabon produced reliquary guardian figures, called mbula ngulu. How did the Gabon finish the reliquary guardian's surface in order to repel evil?

Master of the Symbolic Execution

The Sapi saltcellar, an export product, is attributed to which artists?

Sapi

The artist, Master of the Symbolic Execution, has been identified as a master workshop artist from _______?

Which of the following would account for the unique cosmopolitan character of Teotihuacán?

The citys diversified population

visit of the representative of the british empire

The door carved by Olowe of Ise is a very fine example of his work. It also records the presence of the Europeans as colonists among the Yoruba. What event is depicted on the doors?

Nok

The earliest African sculpture in the round is from which group?

Ife

The figural art of which culture is finely modeled with focused attention on naturalistic detail? Signs of the age or blemishes are also absent, and the sculpture is lifelike but at the same time idealized.

hollow casting (low-wax cast-bronze)

The fly-whisk hilt from Igbu-Ukwu is cast by which of the following means?

pain of childbirth after interest with her father

The following two important masks represent the Kuba king's legendary ancestors. They are the founding ancestor, Woot, and his daughter, the beautiful Ngady Amwassh. During childbirth she sheds tears. What accounts for these tears?

Djenne

The inland floodplain of the Niger River has been likened to which culture?

legendary dwarf of pygmy who signifies the indigenous peoples on whom kinship was imposed

The kuba mask known as Bwoom represents which legendary royal ancestor?

Dogon

The linked seated couple that clearly documents the gender roles would have been created in which of the following groups?

rule

The mbari construction process is characterized by ________.

Benin's trade and diplomatic relations with the Portuguese

The presence of the Portuguese heads on the Benin waist pendent of the queen mother indicates __________?

ritual of masquerade

The rock art of Tassili can be said to depict ________?

heads represent both

The royal ancestral shrine of the Benin represents both the kings and the enduring nature of kingship. What characteristic represents this notion?

ancestral shrine of the rulers 1st wife

The stone monolith found at Great Zimbabwe has two sculpted animals that are associated with the ancestry of the rulers: the bird with the first wife's ancestors and the crocodile with the wife's elder male ancestors. Based on this description, where would the most likely location for the placement of this monolith?

Which of the following describes the Temple I at Tikal (Temple of the Giant Jaguar)?

The tomb of a ruler is found underneath it

suggest the ruler as the dispenser of grain

The tower form found at Great Zimbabwe suggests a granary.Based on the African symbols found on the tower, explain the meaning for this tower form?

West Mexican ceramics are noted for the small-scale narrative scenes including temples and houses with figurines shown in a variety of lively activities. Based on this information which of the following would support their value for analysis?

They may provide informal glimpses into daily life

wood figural sculptures

What are waka sran?

large noses with flaring nostrils

What facial features would the Sapi associate with African adornment and use as a component in their saltcellars?

Scarification

What is a characteristic of the Nok style in ceramic sculpture?

dama

What is the name for the ceremony the Dogon hold every several years in order to honor the lives of those who have died since the last celebration?

move people, affect them, to effect change

What is the primary function of masks and masqueraders in traditional african culture?

complex oral recitations

What is the system Benin use to record their history?

fly whisk

What item would most likely be used by the leader as a badge of office in order to magnify his gestures?

veneration of ancestors

What kind of veneration is quite common among african cultures?

saltcellars

What objects did Sapi artists create for export during the 16th century?

equestrian fly whisk

What prestigious object was excavated from a tomb in the Igbo-Ukwu area?

purifies his own head by invoking the collective strength of his ancestors

What supports the necessity of animal sacrifice made by the Benin King?

lle-lfe

Where do Yoruba legends place their origins?

Portuguese

Which European people established contact with the kingdom of Benin in the 1470s?

Sal

Which pieces were a unique hybrid of African and European cultures?

umbrella

Which possession would suggest the user holds a position of leadership?

the people of Great Zimbabwe

Who are considered the ancestors of the Shona-speaking people?

sea god, Olokun

Who or what does mudfish symbolize in Benin iconography?

because ugly figures would offend the spirits

Why are bush spirits depicted as beautiful, ideal human figures in the Baule sculpture?

Which of the following has been proposed as the identity of the giant Olmec heads?

rulers

short, horrible looking, and sometimes deformed

describe baule bush spirits?

senufo

elaborate cyclical masquerades occur in which society?

Mesoamerica

geographically the area between North and South America. From Mexico, the Yucatan peninsula, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras and el Salvador.

wisdom and success

in mende culture a broad, high forehead signifies __________?

Mesoamerican cultures

included the Olmec, Maya, Zapotec, Mixtec, people of Teotihuacan, Toltec, and Aztec

We have a much better understanding of the chronology of Mesoamerica due to the deciphering of the writing and dating system of which of the following groups?

maya

diviner's horse or shrine

most baule figural sculptures are kept in _________?

spirits

most figures and masks are visualizations of ________?