African American History

How is the Port Royal experiment in land distribution an example of the failures of Reconstruction?

Most freed slaves did not acquire the land that they worked and were not given true indeopendence

Southern racial etiquette

Never look white people in the eyes(always to the ground) Remove their hats in the presence of white people Supposed to be subservient

Enforcement Acts

Prohibited radical anti-black groups and protected the voting rights of African Americans

black codes

Southern laws that restricted the rights of the newly freed black slaves by conceding such rights as the right to marry, contract a debt or own property but restricting their rights in term on labor and mobility

Populists (People's Party)

Supported inflation; government ownership of railroads, telephone and telegraph companies.

Plessy v. Ferguson denied African Americans __________

Supreme Court ruled that segregation did not violate the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment

Disfranchisement

White southern Democrats used techniques such as literacy tests, poll taxes, and the grandfather clause to deny black voters

Syracuse Convention

a meeting of black leaders to discuss the future of African Americans following the end of slavery. They insisted that black people had earned and deserved the same political and legal rights as white Americans.

Under the terms of Special Field Order #15, each black family received 40 acres of land and

a mule

Which of the following groups took control of Colfax, Alabama after the election of 1872?

black people

"shotgun policy"

designed to "redeem" the state from Republucan rule(MIssissippi)

The purpose of the black codes was to __________

ensure the availability of a subservient agricultural labor supply.

Former slaves soon discovered that the acquisition of land depended on

federal intervention

Soon after the war, Andrew Johnson __________

granted blanket amnesty and pardons to former confederates who swore allegiance to the U.S. Also revokes special order 15 and appointed Southern governors.

Why was Homer A. Plessy chosen to test the Louisiana train segregation law?

he was only one-eight black and looked white

What was the main purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau?

help freed slaves make the transition to freedom and also helped them obtain education, food, medical care, negotiate labor contracts, settle disputes

Under sharecropping, what did laborers receive in exchange for their work?

instead of wages they received one-third of the crop

The Federal Elections Bill of 1890

labeled the "Force bill" by white southerners

Jim Crow

laws designed to enforce racial discrimination and segregation

As soon as slavery ended, many ex-slaves

left their masters and went to look for their families

grandfather clause

method where men whose grandfathers were eligible to vote were allowed to vote

Ku Klux Klan

originally a secret society for confederate veterans

Civil Rights Act of 1875

outlawed racial discrimination in public places

13th amendment

outlawed slavery

In exchange for Democratic support in the constitutional crisis in the 1876 election Rutherford B. Hayes ________

promised he would not support Republican governments in Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina.

1862 Morrill Land-Grant Act

provided states with funds for agricultrural and mechanical colleges.

15th Amendment

states cannot deny any person the right to vote because of race.

carpetbagger

term used for northerners working in the South to take advantage of political and economic opportunities.

scalawag

term used to identify white southerners who supported the Republicans

Reconstruction

the 12 years after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were restored to the Union and freed slaves became citizens and were given the right to vote and hold political office.

Amendment that stopped white leaders from disfranchising black voters

the 15th amendment

The many advertisements for missing persons in black newspapers following the Civil War was a testimony to

the reaction of many ex slaves to go looking for their families

What is the connection between the Ku Klux Klan and Reconstruction?

they were terrorists who resorted to violence to restore white Democrats to power

The Freedmen's Bureau was

understaffed; never had more than 900 agents

During Reconstruction, most disagreements within the Republican Party centered on _________

voting rights for freed slaves(men)