AI Model and Generative AI

Layla learns that her company's AI-driven chatbot has been giving inaccurate and sometimes rude responses to customers' questions. How should Layla deal with this issue?

Limit the chatbot to customer service questions and no other purpose.

How can Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) be used in anomaly detection?

VAEs can be trained on a dataset of normal data, and later on be used to identify instances that deviate from the normal data.

What is a common reason the summary option may not be available in Outlook?

The message you have selected is very short and does not have enough information to summarize.

True or False: Reasoning engines are an all-knowing source of truth and should be trusted implicitly.

FALSE

What is GPT and why has it become notable in the field of natural language processing?

GPT is a language model developed by OpenAI that can take in a prompt and generate text based on it, making it useful for a multitude of tasks.

Why, more than any other reason, should a company perform a privacy audit?

so it can develop a company-wide privacy policy

Beth needs to create a contract and decides to use Bing Chat to help her. What should she do before using any content from AI?

Review current legislation on using AI-generated text. As AI is used more, laws will need to address guidelines on how to earmark contracts, legal documents, or any text needing a copyright.

If you join a Teams meeting that's already in progress, you can ask Copilot to summarize the topics that were discussed that you may have missed. This will only work if_____.

somebody in the meeting clicks the Copilot option and turns on the transcript feature

Taraji asks Bing Chat several questions related to architecture for buildings. Now she wants to ask a brand-new question. What should she do?

Select the Broom icon. Taraji can select either the Broom icon or the New Topic button to start a new topic.

Luella seeks medical attention for chest pains. A nurse uses an artificial intelligence program to diagnose the cause. Why is this system likely not really intelligent?

The program only matches her symptoms to steps in a system an expert created. This is an example of weak AI, unlike strong AI in which the system possesses some human traits.

Why might marketers use text-to-image models in the creative process?

They can be more efficient to use and provide a unique look and feel.

Olaf is asked to compose text for a post on LinkedIn. He decides to use Bing Chat to help. Which of the following would Bing Chat intentionally leave out?

Graphics Bing Chat would more than likely leave out any emojis in the post since LinkedIn is a professional site.

How should we think of the relationship between humans and generative AI?

Human input and creativity will work in conjunction with AI to produce meaningful progress.

How does the bias-variance trade-off affect machine learning?

If the machine makes a change to one, it must consider how the other is affected. For example, correcting high bias could lead to higher variance, which would make the data less reliable.

What impact will the Internet of Things (IoT) have on artificial intelligence?

These devices will be a great new source of "real world" data. Internet of Things or IoT devices can be a wealth of new data for artificial intelligence systems. They attempt to connect the digital world to the physical world. This will allow artificial intelligence systems to make predictions about where people go or how they interact with their devices.

What are Midjourney, DALL-E, and Stable Diffusion, and which industries are their early adopters?

They are primary text-to-image generation services and models. Art, filmmaking, fashion, and marketing are the first industries to widely adopt their use.

What is one of the greatest challenges with supervised learning binary classification?

You need a lot of pre-classified or labeled data for the training set. Supervised machine learning relies on labeled data for the training set. That means if you wanted to create a system that looked for dogs in images you needed to have tens of thousands of images known to contain dogs. Sometimes it's difficult to find that much labeled data.

You work for a security firm that wants to use an artificial neural network to create a video facial recognition system. So you create a training set with hundreds of images of people that are found in your video footage. You initialize the artificial neural network with random weights assigned to all its connections. When you feed through the first few images the system does a terrible job identifying whether those people are included in the video. What would the artificial neural network now do to try and improve?

It will adjust the weights of the connections to see if it does a better job making a prediction. A supervised learning artificial neural network is self-tuning. That means it makes a prediction and then checks that prediction against the labeled data. The network tunes itself by adjusting the weights of the connections and the bias on the neurons. Then it sees if these adjustments improve the outcome.

Why did some of the earliest artificial intelligence systems focus on board games such as checkers and chess?

It's easiest to make a computer system seem intelligent when it's working with set rules and patterns. The first conference on artificial intelligence was in 1959. Computers at that time didn't have the processing power to identify complex patterns. So early artificial intelligence systems needed to focus on board games and other tasks that had simple rules and patterns.

You're a product manager who's in charge of building a weak AI expert system that will give tax advice. You're working with dozens of accountants who go through thousands of different taxpayer scenarios. When a customer asks a question, then the expert system will ask a follow-up question. It will do this until it makes a recommendation. What's one of the biggest challenges with this system?

There will be too many tax combinations for the experts to cover with one system. One of the greatest challenges with symbolic expert systems is that every possibility needs to be programmed by an expert. When there are a lot of possibilities this can lead to an "combinatorial explosion." This is when there are so many different scenarios that the possibilities can't all be recorded by an expert.

How are reasoning engines an improvement over search engines when it comes to entering what you are looking for?

They can understand your intent and not just the words you used.

The healthcare and medical insurance industries caution against using machine learning to search for patterns in data, and they do not want machines making decisions about a person's health. Why?

They may be decisions that humans cannot understand. Although humans program machines, they do not understand exactly how machines identify patterns in large datasets, which can lead to errors.

You work for a credit card company that's trying to do a better job identifying fraudulent transactions. So your team uses unsupervised learning to create clusters of transactions that are likely to be fraudulent. The machine identified that when customers are buying electronics it's much more likely to be a fraudulent transaction. So you use this model for your new fraud detection system. Then customers started to complain that they couldn't use their credit cards to purchase any electronics. What is the challenge with your model?

You underfit the model to the data, the simple rule made too many inaccurate predictions. When you create a model, you need to be careful not to underfit or overfit the data. Sometimes you can identify patterns that work with a small set of data but that doesn't fit when you start to look at larger datasets. This is called underfitting the data. Other times you can add more variables. This can create a lot of complexity and you might miss data outliers (data that is close but doesn't quite fit the model). This is called overfitting the data.

What is an AI model?

A model is a set of algorithms that have been trained on a specific dataset

In most instances, how should you craft your prompts?

Use clear language with proper grammar.

What would Bing Chat be least likely to provide?

an increase in pay Bing Chat may help improve a person's performance, but management will ultimately determine whether they deserve a raise.

How is K Nearest Neighbor like the old saying, "birds of a feather flock together?"

Classify unknown data against the closest data that you do know. This old saying is one of the best ways to remember the key strength of K Nearest Neighbor. This machine learning algorithm is a quick way to classify data that's similar and might "flock together."

If your reasoning engine response is problematic (i.e., inaccurate, discriminatory, limited in view, etc.) what should you do?

Continue iterating. Keep regenerating and refining the prompt to get a more accurate, better result.

What does the Turn on button do?

It enables context-aware questions. This allows you to ask Bing Chat questions about the current website you are visiting or the PDF file you are using.

Shandra is getting ready to compose a Bing Chat for the first time. What type of conversation style will be used?

Balanced - is the default style that is informative and friendly, resulting in reasonable and fast responses.

What does the term open source mean in the context of generative AI models?

It means that the models are publicly available for anyone to use and modify.

Excel Copilot can only analyze data in a spreadsheet if_____.

the cells you want to analyze are formatted as a table.

Ahmad is creating a technology team for a new project. When should the team get together to discuss ethical considerations?

before starting the project

What is a key benefit of using generative AI for repetitive or computational tasks?

It allows humans to focus on more creative and strategic activities.

Which environment does not allow a user to interact with Microsoft Bing Chat?

a Chrome browser Bing Chat will not work with the Chrome browser; the Microsoft Edge browser allows you to interact with Bing Chat.

Microsoft Bing now includes a Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer. What is this?

a chatbot A chatbot is the technology that allows a conversation to occur without having to repeat or restate context.

Which item should include a disclosure that it was created using Bing chat?

a housing contract between a landlord and tenant

How can you best describe the cost function as it applies to neural networks?

a number the system uses to measure its answer against the correct answer Cost function is a measure of wrongness, which in turn determines how much adjustment to weights and biases is needed.

When a user enters a query, what does the reasoning engine strive to provide?

a relevant, informative text response using human-like speech Because reasoning engines process and understand human language, they are able to provide a relevant, well-reasoned, informative response using human-like speech.

What is the purpose of the discriminator in a GAN model?

automate repetitive tasks and liberate humanity from dull, dirty, difficult, or dangerous jobs

The boss wants an article she received summarized before a meeting that starts in a half hour. How can Bing Chat help with this task?

by using a precise style to present a summary with bullet points This will give a more straightforward and organized summary of the article in plenty of time prior to the meeting.

Alex is asked to speak at a conference and has the information in a Word document open on his system. He needs to create a short summary of who he is. How can Alex do this with Bing Chat?

by using the Compose tab

What type of misused AI can give false advice, which is extremely dangerous in a situation such as providing medical advice?

inaccurate chatbots

PowerPoint Copilot can create a new presentation based on your written prompts or_____.

information in an existing document.

What is the most notable functionality of Natural Language models like Chat GPT?

its large scale capability to generate human-like text

When considering the integration of generative AI tools in business operations, what is the primary emphasis regarding the role of executive leadership and organizational strategy?

prioritizing human-centered approaches, ethical considerations, and maintaining human control over AI-generated content

How are images created in Bing Chat?

Dall-E 3 This is the image generator feature that allows you to create an image from scratch or just refine one.

Which is not a main function of a search engine?

The main functions of a search engine are crawling, indexing, and ranking.

Which guideline will the Bing Chat Dall-E AI image generator follow when an image is created?

It will not create images infringing on conditions. Overall, no images are created that disrupt terms of service and community guidelines.

How can a company best build customer trust, which can translate to a loyal customer base?

Share a transparent privacy policy.

In considering the future implications of generative AI on the job market, what skill set is essential for individuals seeking to thrive in this evolving landscape?

development of unique personal emotional, interpersonal, and creative abilities

If you want to ask Word Copilot to use information from a separate document, that referenced document must be_____.

shared in Teams or stored on OneDrive, SharePoint You can use Copilot with documents stored locally on your computer's storage drive. But, if you want to reference a separate file when making a Copilot request, that referenced file must be stored on one of Microsoft's cloud storage tools.

Which three sources of data can Bing Chat summarize for you? A. the contents of the current website you are on B. an email you have open in the desktop version of Outlook C. a Microsoft Word document you have open in the browser D. text you have pasted into the Bing chat sidebar

A. the contents of the current website you are on C. a Microsoft Word document you have open in the browser D. text you have pasted into the Bing chat sidebar

You work for a company that's selling electric cars to consumers. The company wants to get the maximum amount of value from its advertising dollars. So it wants to ramp up advertising when it thinks that customers would be most interested in purchasing an electric car. Your data science team wants to create a regression analysis based on fuel prices. How might this look on an XY diagram?

Create a trendline with fuel prices along the X axis and electric car sales on the Y axis. To do a regression analysis, data science teams will typically plot their data on an XY diagram. Then they will see if there are any trends in the data by creating a line in the center of the largest data point groupings. This is typically called a trendline. If the data has a clear trendline then it will be easier to predict relationships between the two variables. In this case, there might be a clear trend where when fuel prices rise, people are more likely to buy electric cars.

Which option is prohibited under the Add an Image prompt?

Design an image. Creating an image is accomplished by entering the requirements in the prompt.

How do human supervisors assist in training a reasoning engine?

In early training phases, human supervisors oversee the process, guiding the model towards accurate responses and contributing to its knowledge development.

ABC Corp's management uses AI to provide advice on selecting options for its marketing strategy. How can robust transparency help the company?

It can assist in understanding the input-analysis-output process.

How does a reasoning engine's ability to understand and interpret language provide the greatest advantage over a search engine?

It can have an actual conversation with the user.

Why is it a good practice for the C-suite to develop, and perhaps even mandate, an AI training and education program for all employees?

It democratizes decision-making around AI tools.

A new online camping goods store wants to find connections between products customers buy and other products they might buy. Why would the company use unsupervised learning?

It does not yet have enough customers to make supervised learning meaningful. If the store had a large number of established customers, it could use supervised learning effectively.

With an artificial neural network what is the point of having a cost function?

It helps the network determine the cost of the error so they can make larger or smaller adjustments to its guesses. Artificial neural networks need a measurement of "wrongness." That way it knows how much to adjust its weights and biases. This is typically done through a calculation of the gradient descent which will increase or decrease the cost function. If it's very wrong, it will make big changes to the weights and biases. If it's slightly wrong, it will make much smaller changes.

How does an artificial neural network learn?

It looks at the data and makes guesses, then it compares those guesses to the correct answer. Much like a game you may have played in grade school, an artificial neural network makes guesses and then compares those guesses to the correct answer. These guesses are usually expressed as a percentage. So the network might be 60% sure that the image contains a dog.

In prompt engineering, what is one-shot or few-shot learning?

It refers to how much instruction you provide in order to guide the answer. This may involve including examples of what a "correct" answer may look like.

Do you need to have a technical AI background in order to start a generative AI venture?

No. As a business leader with no technical background, you can either make partnerships with generative AI research institutions, or you can use open-source models in your next business endeavor. And as a hobbyist, a maker, or a creative, you can make use of a generative AI services that are free or are accessible with a modest fee.

Why might you want to use reinforcement learning instead of unsupervised learning?

Reinforcement learning allows the machine to make predictions and create strategies instead of just clustering the data. Reinforcement learning can create strategies to better find patterns in the data. Unsupervised learning just tries to create clusters based on what it already sees in the data. So if you were developing an AI system to buy related items, an unsupervised system would create a cluster of items frequently bought together by other customers. A reinforcement system might invent a strategy to encourage customers to purchase something new.

Riva considers herself a prompt engineer. What does this mean?

She can create a prompt with samples of her question and the answers that she would like to see.

How does a GAN network improve its ability to generate better content?

The generator and discriminator parts of the network work together in a competition to improve the generator's ability to create realistic data.

What is ensemble modeling?

This is when you use a mix of different machine learning algorithms or data to improve the outcome. Ensemble modeling is when you use several machine learning algorithms to make better predictions. Two of the most popular techniques are bagging and stacking. Bagging uses the same machine learning algorithm with different data sets to improve the prediction power. Stacking can use several different machine learning algorithms "stacked" on top of each other to improve the predictions.

What are the top moral and executive skill sets required when working with generative AI?

Transparency, fairness, empathy and responsibility. Approach production and operations with caution, always asking, "Who is benefiting?" from our generative AI solution.

How can a user best combine a search engine and a reasoning engine to find information about an unknown topic?

Use the search engine to find basic information, and then use the reasoning engine for a deeper dive.

What is the main difference between Bing Chat and Bing Chat Enterprise?

With Bing Chat Enterprise, business data is protected. The data from a company is their own; it is protected and never shared for any purpose with outside entities.

Why is the iteration process necessary when you use a reasoning engine?

You want to keep honing your prompt to get more and better results.

What is the goal of the continuous crawling process of a search engine?

to keep the search engine's index up-to-date

What type of impact does artificial intelligence have on robotics?

AI systems can create robots that can more easily learn new tasks. Early robotic systems needed to be explicitly programmed for each task. Newer AI systems can allow robots to learn through experience. They can try to mimic someone's behavior or even come up with new actions without being programmed.

What is one real-world application of Variational Autoencoders (VAE) in anomaly detection?

Detecting defects in industrial quality control by identifying images of products that deviate from a dataset of normal products.

Tomas uses Bing Chat for a safety scenario. How should he address the results provided?

Double-check the answers. It is recommended that for risky scenarios, such as those involving legal or safety issues, you should always verify the results cited.

What is the difference between generative AI and other types of AI that generate content?

Generative AI's primary function is to create content.

Clarence wants to use the entire screen in Bing Chat. How will he do this?

Go to Bing.com and select Chat. This takes Clarence to the root site of Bing, the search engine where he can begin using Chat.

What is the following creative type of prompt known as: "Imagine you're the manager of a small botique video editing company. What are 10 innovative marketing ideas that could attract new business?"

Role play

You're a preschool worker and you want to teach your class the letters in the alphabet. So you draw the letter "B" on the board. Then you ask the two-year-old students to find a block with that same letter. Some of the students correctly find the blocks with the letter "B", but some of the students confuse the letter "B" with the letter "D." So the incorrect students compare their block to the letter "B" on the board, recognize the error and then decide to get another block. What type of learning is this?

supervised learning Supervised learning relies on labeled data. In this case the two-year-old students would use the letter written on the board as labeled data. Then they would try to classify the unknown data (the blocks) by matching the label. If the student sees that they made a mistake, they adjust and take another guess.

Excel Copilot can only be used if_____.

the file you are working on is stored on OneDrive, SharePoint, or Teams Copilot can be used with files stored locally on your computer when working with Word or PowerPoint. But, when working with Excel, Copilot will only work for files stored on one of Microsoft's cloud storage tools.

Kira is building a neural network to identify customer returns using binary classifications of defective or unsatisfied. In which layer of this neural network will Kira have a probability score?

the output layer The output layer has probability scores for the two binary classifications that help determine whether the network properly tunes itself.

What is the most important benefit that the synergy between modern search engines and reasoning engines provides, as far as confidence in the results?

verifying and validating search results

In which situation are ethical considerations the responsibility of a board of directors?

when it involves compliance with a regulatory agency

When might a search engine be a superior tool to a reasoning engine?

when you'd like to read further about a subject across a collection of different sources—but not necessarily when you want to ask deeper questions