ALLH exam 2 study guide

Instructions for making proteins are coded in a cell's ________.

DNA

Which of the following food groups includes foods that are rich sources of riboflavin?

Dairy

________ is the process that changes the normal shape of a protein and, as a result, the molecule loses its usual function.

Denaturation

John's blood test results indicate that his LDL-cholesterol level is too high. Which of the following actions would a registered dietitian nutritionist recommend?

Increase intake of legumes and nuts

________ are fat-soluble vitamins.

Vitamins K, D, and A

T or F. An unpleasant physical reaction following consumption of sulfites is considered a food intolerance because it does not trigger the body's immune response.

True

T or F. The term vitamin comes from vita (necessary for life), and amine (a type of nitrogen-containing substance).

True

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins?

In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.

Which of the following characteristics increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

Type 2 diabetes

Compared to a diet that provides fewer plant foods, a plant-based diet typically provides more _______.

vitamin C

In the United States, newborns receive an injection of ________ to prevent ________.

vitamin K; bleeding

Florencia is 22 years of age. She usually consumes about 1800 kcal per day. According to AMDR guidelines, protein should comprise ________% of her total energy intake.

10 to 35

Chase is a 22-year-old college student. According to recommendations of the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), fat should comprise ________% of his total energy intake each day.

20 to 35

Which of the following statements is true?

A polyunsaturated fatty acid has two or more double bonds between carbons in the hydrocarbon chain.

________ involves metabolic reactions that build larger molecules from smaller ones.

Anabolism

Which of the following statements is true?

Fat contributes to the flavor of foods.

Which of the following foods is a natural source of vitamin D?

Fatty fish and fish oils

Which of the following foods is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids?

Flaxseeds

________ is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose molecules.

Glycogenolysis

Which of the following substances carries cholesterol away from tissues?

HDL

ATP synthesis occurs in which of the following organelles?

Mitochondrion

________ are water-soluble vitamins.

Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin

When she prepares food, Felicia wants to use a product that is a rich source of unsaturated fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats should she select?

Olive oil

Which of the following foods contains cholesterol?

Shrimp

Which of the following statements is true?

Skin can form prohormone vitamin D after being exposed to sunlight.

________ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

Thiamin

Shirlena has heard that consuming omega-3 fatty acids can reduce a person's risk for heart disease. While she knows that many types of fish are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids, she doesn't enjoy eating fish so is looking for a non-fish alternative. Which of the following foods would you recommend as a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids?

Walnuts

Carmen is an active child who is allergic to peanuts. While attending a classroom party, Carmen was accidentally exposed to trail mix that contained peanuts, and she rapidly developed ________ as a result.

anaphylaxis

A(n) ________ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals.

antioxidant

Proteins ________.

are comprised of amino acids

Bill would like to follow recommendations that would reduce his risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Based on this information, Bill should ________.

become more physically active

The liver uses cholesterol to make ________.

bile

Metabolic reactions that break down larger molecules into smaller ones are classified as ________.

catabolic

The body uses proteins to make ________.

certain hormones

Series of specific chemical reactions in the cell are known as ________.

chemical pathways

A person suffering from celiac disease must avoid ________.

consuming foods that contain gluten

Most lipids have ________ in their chemical structures.

fatty acids

Pregnant women who have a history of inadequate ________ intakes are at risk of having babies with neural tube defects.

folate

The human body needs vitamin K to ________.

form active blood clotting factors

Albert is a healthy, 23-year-old college student. He would like to know more about his risk of cardiovascular disease, so he can take preventive measures, if they are necessary. Albert should ________.

have a lipoprotein profile performed on a sample of his blood

Cholesterol ________.

is essential to health

An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is ________.

night blindness

Every amino acid has ________ in its chemical structure.

nitrogen

Adding a small amount of ________ to cooked vegetables can enhance the intestinal tract's ability to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins they contain.

olive oil

Major functions of lipids include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

stimulate the production of vitamins and minerals

Which of the followings statements is true?

Certain fish, such as salmon, are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids.

Barry is a vegan. His diet does not include foods that contain preformed vitamin A, and he does not take any vitamin A supplements. Nevertheless, his body has adequate vitamin A stores. Which of the following statements provides the best explanation for Barry's adequate vitamin A status?

He eats plenty of foods that contain beta-carotene.

Which of the following foods is naturally a good source of complete protein?

Low-fat milk

T or F. Kume is a non-pregnant adult female. If Kume's body weight is 120 pounds, her RDA for protein is approximately 44 g.

True