Allie Chapter 9 Developmental Test
If the scores from an intelligence test are normally distributed, then you would predict that the largest number of people would receive an IQ score of _____ on that test. a. 70 c. 100 b. 85 d. 115
C
Which best described the average of Terman's "Termites" when they reached adulthood? a. Healthy, happy, productive c. Unhealthy, happy, productive b. Healthy, unhappy, productive d. Healthy, happy, unproductive
A
The production of ideas that are original and meaningful are both defining characteristics of a. terminal drop. c. fluid intelligence. b. creativity. d. automatization.
B
The stability of IQ scores a. is highest in infancy. b. becomes fairly high starting at around age four. c. is highest with longer times between testing sessions. d. is high for individual children but low for large groups of children.
B
What lesson about parenting and the development of creativity is a main theme of the movie Shine? a. The loss of a mother is negatively associated with the development of creativity. b. Abusive parenting can negatively impact the expression of creativity. c. The younger the parent, the less likely a child will express creativity. d. Adopted children appear to "inherit" creativity.
B
The formula for calculating an IQ score is _____ x 100.
MA/CA
"Successful intelligence" is BEST summarized as the ability to succeed in a. life c. standardized test situations b. school d. familiar settings
A
. The major focus of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development is to assess intelligence by measuring a. the rate at which infants achieve developmental milestones. b. vocabulary size. c. creativity. d. physiological status at birth (e.g., heart rate, respiration, muscle tone).
A
. What physiological event has been associated with the acquisition of Piaget's formal operation stage of thinking? a. A spurt in brain development c. Increased levels of androgens b. Menopause d. Spermarche
A
As a general pattern, _____ tend to have the lowest IQs. a. manual laborers c. technical workers b. professional workers d. white collar workers
A
_____ thinking involves generating the single best answer to a problem.
Convergent
When describing the practical component, Sternberg argues that an intelligent person will a. be successful in all situations. b. score high on an IQ test. c. show outstanding abilities in the areas of music and interpersonal skills. d. shape an environment to better suit his or her skills.
D
Which "home environment" factor seems to be most important for the intellectual development of a child? a. Having several older siblings c. A permissive parenting style b. Having several younger siblings d. Parental involvement with the child
D
_____ thinking involves generating a variety of solutions when there is no one correct answer to a problem.
Divergent
Crystallized intelligence is the ability to use one's mind actively to solve novel problems.
F
Gardner's list of multiple intelligences included both musical intelligence and artistic intelligence.
F
Gifted children tend to be significantly less well-adjusted than children of average intelligence.
F
A phenomenon called the _____ effect is concerned with the fact that the average IQ of children appears to climb about three to four points each decade.
Flynn
Organic-based intellectual disabilities may be the result of a genetic disorder or maternal alcohol consumption.
T
Sternberg's practical component defines intelligence differently depending on the sociocultural context in which it is displayed.
T
The average IQ of workers increases as the prestige of the occupation increases.
T
Very few older adults develop wisdom.
T
Sternberg has recently begun to focus on the aspect of intellect that allows someone to succeed in life using the term _____ intelligence.
successful
An individual who is otherwise mentally retarded yet displays exceptional ability in one area is classified as having _____ syndrome.
savant
105. Research on IQ and diabetes indicates that the reason individuals with higher IQs may live longer is because they are a. better able to monitor and treat their illness. b. genetically superior. c. able to pay for better car. d. more likely to be males, and males tend to live longer than females.
A
A group of English individuals with intellectual disabilities who participated in a long-term study are referred to as the a. Camberwell Cohort. c. Gang of Six. b. Termites. d. Flynn Family.
A
A key role of Sternberg's triarchic theory was to ______, something that is not commonly found on traditional IQ tests. a. explain how people produce intelligent answers b. create questions that tap into different areas of intellectual functioning c. describe the key role of genetics in determining intelligence d. discuss how a single score could assess intelligence
A
According to Howard Gardner, intelligence consists of at least eight distinct abilities. Which of the following is among Gardner's distinct types of intelligence? a. Musical c. Creative b. Memory capacity d. Interracial
A
Divergent thinking is to convergent thinking as a. a variety of answers are to one answer. b. IQ tests are to tests of creativity. c. interpersonal intelligence is to intrapersonal intelligence. d. DQ is to IQ.
A
Dominique is shown a series of triangles of different sizes and colors and is asked to guess what the next triangle in the series might look like. The use of this novel task indicates that the person testing Dominique is most likely assessing _____ intelligence. a. fluid c. naturalistic b. crystallized d. linguistic
A
Which pair is best associated with concepts of fluid intelligence? a. Cattell and Horn c. Fechner and Weber b. Atkinson and Shiffrin d. Spearman and Thurstone
A
. Researchers using the Characteristics of Giftedness Scale found that gifted children could be distinguished from average children in a number of ways including all of the following EXCEPT their a. extensive vocabularies. c. excellent sense of humor. b. lack of concern about perfection. d. strong ability with puzzles
B
. The fact that adults born in the 1980s have higher adult IQs than adults born in the 1950s illustrates the _____ effect. a. cumulative-deficit c. intellectual disability b. Flynn d. terminal drop
B
A study on the development of wisdom in young and elderly women by Staudinger, Smith, and Baltes (2001) found that a. wisdom is quite common in old age. b. expertise is a better predictor of wisdom than age. c. age predicts wisdom. d. life experiences have little to do with the expression of wisdom.
B
According to the psychometric approach to intelligence, intelligence a. aids in adaptation to the environment. b. is made up of traits that vary and can be measured. c. is fixed at conception by genetic factors. d. is organized by stages or levels.
B
An information-processing theorist focusing on intelligence testing would be most likely interested in a. the statistics used to calculate an IQ score. b. how children solve the problems on the test. c. a child's full IQ score. d. why children solve problems on the test.
B
As a great architect, Mr. Brady has an amazing ability to visual and mentally transform a building in his mind. This suggests that he has superb _____ intelligence. a. bodily-kinesthetic c. linguistic b. spatial d. interpersonal
B
Cleopatra has an outstanding sense of her own feelings. This ability is best associated with Gardner's _____ type of intelligence. a. bodily-kinesthetic c. linguistic b. intrapersonal d. interpersonal
B
Concerning creativity, ideation is to elaboration as a. doing is to seeing. c. complex is to simple. b. generating is to executing. d. arts are to sciences.
B
Concerning the Binet and Simon intelligence test, "age graded" refers to a. a test that is scored by same-age peers. b. the age at which an average child of a certain age can successfully complete an item. c. test items that are similar across cultures. d. a child who typically relies on divergent rather than convergent thinking.
B
Eighteen-year-old Becker is accurately classified as being mildly intellectually disabled. Given this diagnosis, it is most likely that he a. is able to live and work independently and has no academic limitations. b. is able to live and work independently but has some academic limitations. c. needs constant supervision in order to work. d. is completely dependent on others for care.
B
. Some children show gains in IQ during their school years. Which factor appears to be the primary cause of such gains? a. Strict child rearing practices c. Parents who foster achievement b. Relaxed child rearing practices d. Effective sch
C
. The fact that IQ tests are more appropriate for Caucasian middle-class children than low-income African-American children provide an example of a(n) _____ bias in testing. a. genetic c. cultural b. creativity d. ideation
C
. The typical pattern of creativity in childhood is a. high in preschool, higher in first grade, even higher in fourth grade, and highest by age 12. b. highest in preschool, lower in first grade, even lower in fourth grade, and lowest by age 12. c. high in preschool, lower in first grade, even lower in fourth grade, and higher by age 12. d. low in preschool, higher in first grade, even higher in fourth grade, and lower by age 12.
C
IQ scores in high school are very good predictors of college grades.
F
A culture fair test is best defined as one that a. completely eliminates cultural bias from testing. b. can be administered to children from more than one culture. c. includes questions that are equally familiar or unfamiliar to children from all cultures. d. includes questions about all cultures.
C
An average 10-year-old would have a. only a chronological age of 10. b. only a mental age of 10. c. both a chronological and mental age of 10. d. neither a chronological nor mental age of 10
C
An intelligent infant is best characterized as one whom a. prefers familiar information over novel information. b. achieves developmental milestones more quickly than other infants. c. gets bored quickly with familiar information and seeks out novel information. d. slowly habituates to stimuli.
C
Browning's latest book of poems is being hailed as a "triumph in the use of the written word." This indicates that Browning most likely possesses high levels of _____ intelligence. a. naturalistic c. linguistic b. intrapersonal d. interpersonal
C
Child poverty involves a. only low family income. b. only a lack of meeting a child's needs. c. both low family income and a lack of meeting a child's needs. d. neither low family income nor a lack of meeting a child's needs.
C
Children from impoverished environments may show progressively lower IQ scores over time, a phenomenon called a. terminal drop. c. cumulative-deficit hypothesis. b. savant syndrome. d. the factor analysis.
C
. Longitudinal research on IQ change during adulthood indicates that a. crystallized intelligence peaks in young adulthood and then declines steadily. b. both fluid and crystallized and fluid intelligence peak in middle adulthood and then decline steadily. c. crystallized intelligence peaks and then declines, while fluid intelligence remains steady into middle-old adulthood. d. fluid intelligence peaks and then declines, while crystallized intelligence remains steady into middle-old adulthood.
D
A _____ disabled child will show major delays in all areas of development. a. mildly c. severely b. moderately d. profoundly
D
According to triarchic theory, person with "street smarts" possesses high levels of _____ intelligence. a. creative c. socioemotional b. analytical d. practical
D
The "g" in Spearman's two-factor theory of intelligence stands for genius.
F
A stimulating home environment is one of the best predictors of a child having a high IQ.
T
Stenberg's _____ component focuses on the information-processing skills that are assessed by traditional intelligence tests.
analytic
According to Horn and Cattell, _____ intelligence involves the use of knowledge acquired through life experience.
crystallized
A test question that is appropriate for one ethnic group but inappropriate for another is said to contribute to _____ bias in testing.
culture
The fact that negative environmental effects can accumulate over time and can result in losses in IQ is called the _____ hypothesis.
cumulative-deficit
The highest level of thought defined as a constellation of rich factual knowledge about life combined with procedural knowledge that permits one to offer exceptional insight or judgment about complex matters is referred to as _____.
wisdom
Gardner's theory of intelligence a. links distinct types of intelligence to specific areas of the brain. b. suggests that all types of intelligence have the same developmental course. c. argues that the concept of "g" can be used to explain savant behavior. d. is heavily reliant on the use of traditional IQ tests to assess intelligence.
A
Given that Charles Darwin's theory of evolution was based on Darwin's extremely insightful observation of animals, it is likely that Gardner would have viewed Darwin as having exceptionally high _____ intelligence. a. naturalistic c. spatial b. intrapersonal d. logical-mathematica
A
Harold is about to assess the intelligence of his 4-year-old son, Kumar. Which test would be most appropriate him to select? a. WPPSI c. WAIS-IV b. WISC-IV d. MMPI
A
His steady hands make Dr. Greene a top-notch surgeon. Given this information, Dr.Greene would appear to have a high level of _____ intelligence. a. bodily-kinesthetic c. linguistic b. naturalistic d. interpersonal
A
How did Sternberg include the notion of confluence into his theory? a. He believed that several factors combined to create intelligence. b. He saw intelligence as based on cultural differences. c. He suggested that the presence of a member of the same race would improve the intelligence score of children from minority groups. d. He saw intelligence as a "use it or lose it" proposition.
A
If the scores from an intelligence test are normally distributed, then you would predict that the FEWEST number of people would receive an IQ score of _____ on that test. a. 70 c. 100 b. 85 d. 115
A
If you tested 1,000 infants on a valid test that generated a DQ, what expectation would you have concerning the correlation between the DQ and an IQ taken when these individuals reach age 20? a. Expected correlation around 0 c. Expected correlation around -1.0 b. Expected correlation around +.5 d. Expected correlation around +1.0
A
It was found that when they were in their 40s, _____ of the Camberwell Cohort lived with their families. a. 25% c. 75% b. 50% d. 100%
A
Luther is developing a test of intelligence. He believes that in order to accurately generate an intelligence test score, he must assess a multitude of factors that will be added together to form the "product" called intellect. This belief indicates that Luther is a strong proponent of a. confluence. c. convergent thinking. b. creativity. d. neuroplasticity.
A
Miss Whitney asks her class to name the person who invented the cotton gin. This question best represents a measure of a. convergent thinking. c. creativity. b. divergent thinking. d. ideational fluency.
A
Moesha grew up in a society in which women were supposed to always begin a conversation with a man. While traveling in a foreign nation, Moesha learns that in this culture, a woman who begins a conversation with a man is considered stupid. This cultural distinction in the definition of intelligence illustrates what Sternberg called the _____ component of intelligence. a. practical c. developmental quotient b. fluid d. information-processing
A
On the fifth edition of the Stanford-Binet test, a. mental age is no longer used to calculate IQ. b. chronological age is no longer used to calculate IQ. c. no IQ score is calculated. d. there is a "cultural-balance" scale that equates children who have been raised in different cultures.
A
One of the unique features of Gardner's theory of intelligence is that it a. rejects the notion that a single IQ score can meaningfully assess intelligence. b. promotes the notion of genetic testing as a form of intelligence testing. c. focuses on what someone does not know as opposed to what he or she does know. d. completely ignores the impact of experience on intellectual functioning.
A
Organic retardation is the term given to retardation caused by a. heredity, disease, or injury. c. lack of intellectual stimulation. b. lack of schooling. d. poor nutrition.
A
Reba has been accurately diagnosed as being affected by organic retardation. Which statement about Reba would ALWAYS be true? a. Reba's retardation is due to some identifiable biological cause. b. Reba's level of retardation would be either severe or profound. c. Reba was raised in an understimulating environment. d. Reba has three 21st chromosomes.
A
Research on genetics and intelligence test scores has shown that a. genetic factors can help partially explain between-group variation but not within-group variation. b. genetic factors can help partially explain within-group variation but not between-group variation. c. genetic factors can help partially explain between-group variation and within-group variation. d. genetic factors cannot help partially explain neither between-group variation or within-group variation.
A
Research on intelligence and creativity has shown that a. highly creative individuals rarely have below-average IQs. b. a high IQ is required for creativity. c. the more reliance on convergent thinking, the greater the creativity. d. motivation cannot compensate for the lack of environmental support for intellectual advancement.
A
Research on race, ethnicity, and intelligence has shown that a. you cannot predict an individual's IQ on the basis of their race or ethnic status. b. the gap between the IQ scores of European and African-American children has increased in the past few decades. c. different subcultures tend to show the same profile of mental abilities. d. Asian Americans tend to score lower on IQ tests than Hispanic Americans
A
Scarr and Weinberg's research on social class and IQ showed that a. children from disadvantaged homes could raise their IQs if adopted into middle-class homes with intelligent adoptive parents. b. children from disadvantaged homes continue to show significant deficits in IQ even after being adopted into middle-class homes with intelligent adoptive parents. c. children from poor economic conditions do not differ significantly in IQ from children from average or above average economic conditions. d. improving the economic conditions of the home has no significant impact on children's IQs because IQ is so strongly affected by genes.
A
Schaie's sequential study of stability of intellectual abilities showed that a. both cohort and age affect intellectual performance. b. cohort, but not age, affects intellectual performance. c. age, but not cohort, affects intellectual performance. d. neither cohort nor age affects intellectual performance.
A
Studies on _____ have shown that being in an impoverished environment has a direct impact on brain development. a. rats c. toddlers with Down syndrome b. infants d. older adults
A
Terminal drop is best associated with a. poor health. c. poverty. b. automatization. d. cultural bias.
A
The basic distinction between crystallized and fluid intelligence is that a. fluid intelligence involves using your mind in new ways, and crystallized intelligence involves using what you have already learned. b. fluid intelligence is verbal, and crystallized intelligence is nonverbal. c. fluid intelligence is implicit, and crystallized intelligence is explicit. d. fluid intelligence tests wisdom, and crystallized intelligence tests genius.
A
The concept of stereotypic threat is most often used to explain the lower IQ scores found in a. African Americans. c. women. b. the elderly. d. infants and toddlers.
A
The primary way gifted children can be identified at an early age is by their a. advanced language skills. b. good social interaction skills. c. high level of motor activity. d. lack of motivation to act due to a fear of perfectionism.
A
The use of a test yielding a DQ over a test yielding an IQ is most appropriate when you are assessing a. infants. c. adolescents. b. preschoolers. d. the elderly.
A
To say that test scores are normally distributed around the average score means that a. most people score in the average range and few people score very high or verylow. b. there are equal numbers of low, average, and high scores. c. scores obtained on repeated testing sessions are fairly consistent. d. the test is a good measure of the trait that it is supposed to be measuring.
A
What would indicate that LeBron's free-throw-shooting has undergone automatization? a. He has practiced so many times that he does not even have to pay that much attention to make the shot. b. He has never seen the behavior before, but he is busy committing it to memory. c. He can show someone else how to shoot free-throws. d. He now becomes distracted if fans wave banners while he is shooting.
A
Which best describes the impact of genetics and environment on a child's IQ? a. At age two, maternal IQ best predicts the IQ of a child; by age four, the impact of the quality of the home environment becomes as good a predictor as maternal IQ. b. At age two, the quality of the home environment best predicts the IQ of a child; by age four, maternal IQ becomes as good a predictor as the quality of the home environment. c. At age two, paternal IQ best predicts the IQ of a child; by age four, the impact of the quality of the home environment becomes as good a predictor as paternal IQ. d. At age two, of the quality of the home environment best predicts the IQ of a child; by age four, paternal IQ becomes as good a predictor as the quality of the home environment.
A
Which is the best definition of wisdom? a. Expert knowledge in the fundamental pragmatics of life b. Superb habituation speed c. Scoring at least two standard deviations above the norm on an IQ test d. The ability to generate many novel but potentially impractical answers
A
Which of the following is the strongest piece of evidence showing that genetic factors influence intelligence (as measured by IQ tests)? a. Identical twins reared apart are more alike than fraternal twins reared together. b. Fraternal twins reared together are more alike than identical twins reared apart. c. Fraternal twins reared together are more alike than fraternal twins reared apart. d. Identical twins reared apart are more alike than identical twins reared together.
A
Which of the following is true of creative children? a. They engage in more fantasy or pretend play than other children. b. They tend to be less open to new experiences. c. They do not have unhappy or lonely childhood experiences. d. Their creativity can be predicted by high IQ scores.
A
Which statement best summarizes the pattern of IQ-score change in childhood? a. Overall age group stability but large individual variation b. Significant rise in average group IQ score from early to late childhood c. Significant drop in average group IQ score from early to late childhood d. Overall individual stability but large age-group variation
A
Which statement is true? a. During adolescence, IQ scores become more predictable but creativity seems to wax and wane. b. During adolescence, creativity becomes more predictable but IQ scores seem to wax and wane. c. During adolescence, both IQ scores and creativity become more predictable. d. During adolescence, both IQ scores and creativity seem to wax and wane.
A
Which type of theorist would be most likely to describe intellectual development in terms of qualitative changes in thought with age (e.g., transformation from a caterpillar to a butterfly)? a. A Piagetian c. An information-processor b. A Vygotskyian d. A psychometrician
A
Who developed the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale? a. Lewis Terman c. John Stanford b. Alfred Binet d. Theodore Simon
A
Who would have the highest IQ? a. Tom, who is 10 years old and has a mental age of 15 b. Brady, who is 15 years old and has a mental age of 10 c. Payton, who is 15 years old and has a mental age of 20 d. Manning, who is 20 years old and has a mental age of 15
A
____ intelligence is defined as the ability to use your active mind to solve novel problems. a. Fluid c. Primary b. Crystallized d. Tertiary
A
The newest aspect of Sternberg's approach to intellect is _____ intelligence. a. naturalistic c. intrapersonal b. successful d. bodily-kinesthetic
B
Fluid intelligence is usually a. taught and emphasizes using the mind in new ways. b. not taught and emphasizes using the mind in new ways. c. taught and emphasizes using the mind to solve familiar tasks. d. not taught and emphasizes using the mind to solve familiar tasks.
B
IQ scores obtained during adolescence are best at predicting a. whether a person will graduate from college. b. a person's high school grades. c. a person's choice of occupation. d. how well a person performs in his or her chosen occupation.
B
Kao is involved with a project studying intelligence. During the study, she is first asked to name the state capitals of Wisconsin and Hawaii. Then she is asked to explain the difference between the words "destiny" and "density." Given these tasks, Kao appears to be taking a test of _____ intelligence. a. interpersonal c. spatial b. crystallized d. fluid
B
Most widely used traditional tests of intelligence focus on _____ intelligence(s). a. creative c. practical b. analytic d. creative, analytic, and practical
B
Otis has just been told that his son Goober is going to be assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. As a knowledgeable psychologist, Otis would know that this test will assess Goober's a. savant skills (e.g., ability to calculate future days of the week). b. motor skills (e.g., ability to grasp and throw a ball). c. physiological skills (e.g., average heart rate, respiration). d. sociometric skills (e.g., the number of friends the child has).
B
Research has shown that children who participate in early intervention programs a. show immediate gains in IQ that last long after the programs end. b. show immediate gains in IQ, but the gains fade after the programs end. c. show no immediate gains in IQ, but do eventually show long-term gains, even after the programs end. d. show no immediate gains in IQ, but do eventually show long-term gains, however the gains fade after the programs end.
B
Research on aging and creativity has shown that older individuals are _____ than younger adults. a. less original and less productive with creative ideas b. as original and less productive with creative ideas c. original but more productive with creative ideas d. as productive but less original with creative ideas
B
Research on changes in intellectual abilities during adulthood indicates that a. fluid and crystallized intelligence decline at the same rate. b. fluid intelligence declines earlier and more quickly than crystallized intelligence. c. crystallized intelligence declines earlier and more quickly than fluid intelligence. d. crystallized and fluid intelligence fluctuate up and down throughout the entire lifespan.
B
Research on wisdom suggests that a. most adults are considered to possess wisdom. b. only adults with expertise or experience display wisdom. c. personality and intelligence have little to do with wisdom. d. age predicts wisdom.
B
Research would predict that _____ would show the largest intellectual declines in the coming years. a. 68-year-old Jay, who is married and leading an active social life, b. 69-year-old May, who lives alone and is socially inactive, c. 70-year-old Kay, who is married but socially inactive, d. 71-year-old Fay, who is lives alone but is socially active,
B
Some children show a lowering of their IQ during their school years. Which factor seems to be the most common cause of this decline? a. Accidental injury to the brain c. Chronic illness b. Living in impoverished environments d. Ineffective schools
B
Terminal drop is the name given to a. a low score on an IQ test brought about by the child not feeling well on the day of the test. b. a rapid decline in the mental abilities of elderly people a few years prior to dying. c. placing an underachieving child in a special education class. d. a gifted student dropping out of high school and remaining underemployed during his or her adult life.
B
The fact that the brain can be restructured in response to training exemplifies the concept of a. terminal drop. c. the secular trend. b. neuroplacticity. d. psychometrics.
B
The intelligence concept of "g" was based on the observation that a. IQ scores predict career success. b. skill levels are consistent across tasks. c. children who take math do better at math. d. there are few racial differences in IQ scores
B
The modern general consensus concerning intelligence is that a. a general ability influences how well people do on only one or two tasks. b. there are a few broad dimensions of intelligence that can be found in factor analyses. c. specific abilities are not part of intelligence. d. IQ tests do a better job of explaining intelligence than describing intelligence.
B
Which environmental change is most likely to positively impact an African-American child's IQ score? a. Having them reside in an understimulating home environment b. Exposing them to a "culture of tests and the school" c. Telling them to ignore the impact of poverty d. Offering more developmental programs in high school
B
Which question would be the best method of assessing divergent thinking? a. Who is the president of Mexico? b. What are some effective ways of studying for a psychology exam? c. Where does the equator pass through the continent of Africa? d. How much is (212*34)/.948?
B
Which statement best describes Kaufman's (2001) findings on the pattern of IQ change from young adulthood though old age generated by cross-sectional studies? a. IQ scores peak in young adulthood (age 20-30) and decline steadily through middle age (40-50) and old age (80-90). b. IQ scores rise gradually until middle age (age 40-50) then decline slowly until old age (around 80) when the decline accelerates. c. IQ scores remain fairly constant across the lifespan. d. IQ scores increase gradually between young adulthood (age 20-30) and old age (80-90).
B
Which statement concerning racial and ethnic differences in IQ is FALSE? a. The fear of "stereotype threat" (i.e., being judged on qualities associated with negative stereotypes) can help explain why African Americans score lower on IQ tests. b. Stereotype threat appears to account for about 80 points of the gap between majority and non-majority students. c. Mentors tend to increase the level of stereotype threat in members of minority groups. d. Positive stereotypes about a group may increase test performance of that group.
B
Which type of test is most apt to put an older adult at a disadvantage? a. Test of general knowledge c. Vocabulary test b. "Speeded" (timed) test d. Test on arithmetic operations
B
Who is best known for developing a set of intelligence tests that can be used on individuals from toddlerhood to old age? a. Alfred Binet c. Charles Spearman b. David Wechsler d. Howard Gardner
B
Whose "formula" for intelligence is, "intelligence" = "g" + "s"? a. Raymond Cattell c. J.P. Guilford b. Charles Spearman d. Louis Thurstone
B
_____ refers to an efficiency of information processing that appears with practice. a. Terminal drop c. Factor analysis b. Automatization d. The Flynn effect
B
Creative achievement requires a. only enthusiasm. c. both enthusiasm and experience. b. only experience. d. neither enthusiasm nor experience.
C
Creativity is usually defined as a. high intelligence (as defined by a high IQ) b. the ability to come up with the most bizarre answer to a problem c. the ability to produce novel responses that are valued by others d. factual information gained over years of experience
C
Crystallized intelligence is the dimension of intellect that includes all of the following abilities EXCEPT a. word comprehension. b. numerical abilities. c. recognizing relationships between two objects you have never seen before. d. ability to recall general information.
C
How many of the following four home situations (father is absent from family, mother has poor mental health, family has two or less children, head of household is unemployed) represent possible risk factors for negatively impacting a child's IQ score? a. 1 c. 3 b. 2 d. 4
C
Jacque is told that he will be taking the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. What type of task should Jacque expect to complete as part of the assessment of his performance IQ? a. Arithmetic reasoning c. Puzzle assembly b. A test of general knowledge d. Vocabulary
C
Many early studies suggested that childhood _____ was the driving force behind the development of creativity. a. vaccinations c. adversity b. nutrition d. peer-friendship
C
Mental retardation (intellectual disability) is defined as a. significantly below-average IQ alone. b. significant deficits in adaptive behavior alone. c. significantly below-average IQ and deficits in adaptive behavior. d. significantly below-average IQ and deficits in adaptive behavior and above-average skills in at least one academic area.
C
Mr. Edam grew up in Wisconsin and knows a lot about Colby cheese. Mr. Cheddar grew up in Cheddar, England, and knows a lot about cheddar cheese. Both are given an intelligence test that contains a question about Colby cheese. The fact that Mr. Edam would be at an advantage due to his familiarity with the subject matter illustrates a problem referred to as a. the Flynn effect. c. culture bias. b. savant syndrome. d. factor analysis.
C
On average, _____ tend to have the highest IQs. a. manual laborers c. technical workers b. blue collar workers d. white collar workers
C
Results from the Camberwell Cohort study indicated that for adults diagnosed with intellectual disabilities in early life, the a. majority of symptoms disappeared by adolescence. b. original diagnosis had been change by middle age. c. overall quality of their lives was lower than that of non-impaired peers. d. level of impact on their lives was unrelated to the severity of the disability.
C
Sixty-five-year-old Kint is going to a psychologist to have his verbal IQ assessed. Which test would a competent psychologist select to accomplish this goal? a. WPPSI c. WAIS-IV b. WISC-IV d. MMPI
C
Sternberg is best associated with _____ theory. a. psychodynamic c. triarchic b. autistic d. IQ
C
The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) test differs from the Stanford-Binet test because only the WISC-IV a. is administered in groups rather than individually. b. emphasizes verbal abilities. c. has separate scores for verbal and performance abilities. d. is administered to children.
C
The average level of age-graded problems a person can solve is used to determine the person's a. chronological age. c. mental age. b. karyotype. d. genotype.
C
The best way to describe the relationship of IQs between ages 11 and 61 is a. unrelated. c. relatively stable. b. inversely related. d. virtually identical.
C
The formula for calculating an intelligence quotient is a. IQ = (CA+MA)/100. c. IQ = (MA/CA)*100. b. IQ = (CA+MA)*100. d. IQ = (MA+CA)/100.
C
The phrase, "I really want to be the best," illustrates the key element of _____ that exemplifies the behavior of many child prodigies. a. specific talent c. motivation b. supportive environment d. ideational fluency
C
To what extent does a person's IQ predict his or her degree of occupational success (productivity)? a. Not at all (r = .00) c. Fairly well (r = +.30 to .50) b. Only very weakly (r = +.5 to .15) d. Extremely well (r = +.90 to 1.0)
C
Using today's standards, how would Wendy be accurately classified as a "gifted" child? a. She only needs an IQ score of at least 160. b. She only needs to perform in the top 50% of her group on a given task. c. She needs a high IQ score and some special abilities. d. She needs a high IQ score or some special abilities.
C
What has been shown to increase the IQ scores of disadvantaged children from minority racial and ethnic groups? a. Giving a test with only hard items b. Having an unfamiliar examiner c. Telling the child that the exam was not going to be scored d. Making sure they associate the test with "white" culture
C
What saying is most applicable to describing intellectual functioning in later life? a. Only the good die young. c. Use it or lose it. b. You can't teach an old dog new tricks. d. Absence makes the heart grow fonder.
C
When discussing intelligence, David says, "I subscribe to a psychometric approach on that topic." This means that David would most likely a. be against the idea of measuring intelligence. b. believe that he is smarter than most other people. c. describe a person in terms of measurable traits he or she possesses. d. believe that intelligence is inherited.
C
Which best describes the Flynn effect? a. Changes in genes underlie changes in intellect. b. Most psychologists now accept the theory of "general mental ability." c. Average IQ scores in the United States have risen dramatically over the past decades. d. Studies of adopted children have demonstrated a significant difference in IQ scores between infant males and infant females.
C
Which of the following accurately summarizes Terman's famous longitudinal study of findings regarding gifted children (i.e., the "Termites")? a. Gifted children are often emotionally immature and experience more frequent physical problems. b. Gifted children are not as well adjusted as their age-mates. c. Gifted children are well adjusted and morally mature. d. Gifted children are well adjusted but physically frail.
C
Which of the following can we conclude about intellectual functioning across the lifespan? a. Preference for familiar items and tasks is associated with higher levels of intellectual performance. b. Intellectual functioning is not affected by practice or familiarity. c. The speed with which someone processes information is related to intellectual performance. d. Age-related declines in intellectual ability are universal in nature.
C
While Dilbert is severely mentally retarded, he has the ability to tell you the day of the week for any future date (e.g., November 27, 2949 = Tuesday). This description indicates that Dilbert a. has great wisdom. b. possesses superb divergent thinking skills. c. has savant syndrome. d. is about to experience a terminal drop.
C
Who is demonstrating a high level of ideation fluency? a. Hugh, who knows four different languages b. Stew, who has an IQ of 150 c. Drew, who quickly generated a list of 20 novel uses for marshmallows d. Lou, who can name the day of the week for any date in the 1900s
C
A large-scale study on intelligence, income, and occupational prestige by Judge, Klinger, and Simon (2010) found that a. general intelligence was not significantly related to either income or occupational prestige. b. general intelligence was significantly related to income but not occupational prestige. c. general intelligence was significantly related to occupational prestige but not income. d. general intelligence was significantly related to both income and occupational prestige.
D
A researcher is using a measure in which both the emotional and verbal responsiveness of a parent and the provision of appropriate play materials are being assessed. Given this description, the researcher appears to be using the a. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. c. Bayley Scales of Infant Development. b. Stanford-Binet IQ Test. d. HOME inventory.
D
IQ and creativity scores are a. inversely related. c. highly related. b. identical. d. not well correlated.
D
Ideational fluency refers to one's ability to a. pick the most appropriate idea to solve a problem. b. quickly recall synonyms when given a word. c. solve a problem quickly and accurately. d. generate many interesting, novel ideas.
D
If you want to predict later intelligence using some infant measure, which of the following measures would be best to use with the infants? a. Bayley DQ scores c. Wechsler performance scores b. Stanford-Binet IQ scores d. Speed of habituation scores
D
Long-term research on children who were in Project Head Start indicates that a. while early changes in IQ are rare, significant increases in IQ are seen during the college years. b. compensatory programs like Head Start lead to poorer attitudes about achievement. c. children in these programs are more likely to end up in special education classes than their peers. d. participation in such programs may reduce the likelihood of teenage pregnancy.
D
On a normal distribution of IQ test scores, the average score would be a. 1. c. 50. b. 10. d. 100.
D
One of Siggy's most endearing traits is an exceptional sensitivity to other people's motivations and moods. According to Gardner, Siggy would best be classified as having high _____ intelligence. a. bodily-kinesthetic c. linguistic b. intrapersonal d. interpersonal
D
Peak levels of creativity tend to occur EARLIEST in individuals who are in the a. sciences. c. mathematics. b. humanities. d. arts.
D
People with savant syndrome illustrate that intelligence a. is a single unified ability. c. cannot be measured. b. has no genetic basis. d. consists of multiple and distinct abilities.
D
Searching for a hidden toy is part of the assessment of _____ scale on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. a. behavioral-rating c. physiological b. motor d. mental
D
Sternberg would argue that an individual who is outstanding at filtering out irrelevant from relevant information excels on the _____ component of intelligence. a. practical c. creative b. experiential d. analytic
D
Ten-year-old Kookla is found to have a mental age of 12. According to the traditional Stanford-Binet Scale, Kookla has an IQ of a. 80. c. 110. b. 100. d. 120.
D
Test norms are a. a set of procedures for properly administering a test. b. information specifying the number and types of items found on a test. c. a statement indicating the purpose of the test along with information on appropriate and inappropriate use of test results. d. a table of test scores that indicates the average score and how to interpret the range of scores around that average score.
D
The STAT test a. is designed for use with hearing impaired populations. b. generates "creativity" IQ score. c. avoids assessing acquired knowledge. d. includes an essay.
D
The analytic component focuses exclusively on a. genetic. c. operant conditioning. b. cultural. d. information-processing skills.
D
The cumulative-deficit hypothesis is often used to explain a. how deficits in school funding create ineffective schools. b. how people with lower IQs have more children, thus lowering the average IQ in a society. c. how the cumulative effects of a superior education create a feeling of never being satisfied. d. how the negative effects of an impoverished environment "snowball" over time to create lowered IQ scores.
D
The intelligence test developed by Binet and Simon (1904) was specifically designed to a. measure the intelligence quotient (IQ) of adults. b. identify gifted children. c. predict which high school students would be successful in college. d. determine which school children were likely to be slow learners.
D
The intent of the original Binet and Simon intelligence test was to be able to identify a. effective soldiers. b. women who would make the best teachers. c. geniuses. d. "dull" children in need of special education.
D
The two-factor model argues that intelligence is highly influenced by a factor simply designated as "g." What does "g" stand for? a. Global self-worth c. Goodness-of-fit b. Genetic inheritance d. General mental ability
D
Which has NOT been used to explain the Flynn effect? a. Better nutrition c. Better education b. Smaller family size d. Smaller gene pools
D
Which is NOT one of the scales on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development? a. Motor c. Behavioral b. Mental d. Social
D
Which is NOT one of the three dimensions on which divergent thinking is analyzed? a. Originality c. Ideation fluency b. Flexibility d. Crystallization
D
Which is the best characterization of intellectual functioning in adulthood? a. The time in history in which someone is born does not impact his or her intellect. b. Remaining cognitively active does little to stem the natural loss of intellectual skills associated with aging. c. Early education levels have little impact on adult levels of intelligence. d. Declines are not universal.
D
Which parenting practice is best associated with the development of creativity? a. Firm hand with lots of training b. Start slow and build firmness quickly c. Enroll child in gifted classes even if he or she has no clear talent d. Allowing children the freedom to explore and opportunities to experiment
D
Which statement about the classification of intellectual disabilities is true? a. About 10% of school-age children are classified as having an intellectual disability. b. The rate of children diagnosed with mild intellectual disabilities has increased dramatically in the past few decades. c. Parents seldom negatively react to a child's disability. d. Children with intellectual disabilities often have associated impairments like cerebral palsy or a sensory disorder.
D
Who is most likely to say, "The major focus of my discipline is on the creation and understanding of intelligence tests"? a. Sisko, who is a Freudian b. Kirk, who is a Piagetian c. Janeway, who is an information-processing theorist d. Archer, who is a psychometric theorist
D
Whose current IQ score would most likely be highly correlated with their IQ score at age 10? a. Dana, who is two years old c. Scully, who is six years old b. Mulder, who is four years old d. Fox, who is eight years old
D
Why do scores on infant developmental scales appear to be such poor predictors of later IQs? a. Because negative environmental impacts cannot be over come by later experience. b. They are actually very good predictors. c. They are over-reliant on verbal skills that continue to develop in childhood. d. They may tap qualitatively different abilities.
D
With regard to experience, Sternberg believes that a. the level of intelligence of a response can be accurately assessed only after extensive experience with the tasks. b. experience with a task has no impact on ability to intelligently respond to the task. c. there is no way to assess familiarity with a task. d. the creative component of intelligence is best measured by a person's responses on novel tasks.
D
IQ = CA/MA*100.
F
If a set of data is normally distributed the number of individuals scoring low, moderate, and high is identical.
F
In the field of psychology, as in many fields, creative production tends to peak in the mid 50s.
F
Most adults suffer drastic declines in mental abilities and IQ between age 40 and 50
F
The Bayley DQ score does a good job of predicting later school grades.
F
The Flynn effect states that racial differences in IQ scores are likely due to genetic differences.
F
According to Sternberg, an individual high in successful intelligence is strong in practical, creative, and analytical areas.
T
Children whose IQ scores fluctuate tend to come from unstable home environments.
T
Convergent thinking involves finding the one "best answer" to a problem.
T
Ideational fluency is measured by the shear number of different answers an individual can generate.
T
The Bayley Scales of Infant Development test generates a _____ quotient score.
developmental
What was for decades referred to as mental retardation is now referred to as intellectual _____.
disability
The rapid decline in intellectual abilities that occurs in the years preceding death is referred to as the _____ drop.
terminal
According to Horn and Cattell, _____ intelligence is the ability to use your active mind to solve novel problems.
fluid
_____ involves having either a high IQ or showing some special ability in some area valued by a society.
giftedness
Gardner would describe a person with great social skills and sensitivity as having a high level of _____ intelligence.
interpersonal
Gardner would describe a person with a great understanding of his or her own inner feelings as having a high level of _____ intelligence.
intrapersonal
The bell-shaped symmetrical spread of scores associated with the Stanford-Binet Scale is called a _____ distribution.
normal
IQ test performance of African-American children may be negatively impacted by the fear that they will be judged to have qualities associated with negative stereotypes of African Americans in a process called stereotype _____.
threat