American Experience, Unit 2

War Hawks

- Young Nationalistic and militaristic people coming to Congress - Fed up with Europe - They believe we should go to war with Europe

Embargo Act

1807 act which ended all of America's importation and exportation. Jefferson hoped the act would pressure the French and British to recognize U.S. neutrality rights in exchange for U.S. goods. Really, however, just hurt Americans and our economy and got repealed in 1809.

Articles of Confederation

1st Constitution of the U.S. 1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade).

John Adams

2nd president, a Federalist. Former ambassador to Great Britain and former Vice President. Elected largely because the American people wanted someone who knew how to deal with Britain.

James Madison Presidency

4th president. Democratic-Republican. Wins in 1808 and repeals the Embargo Act. Sees the emergence of the War Hawks.

John Quincy Adams

6th president

Lee Resolution

June 7, 1776, in the second continental congress, Richard Henry Lee proposes Independence for the American Colonies.

Sedition Acts (1798)

Laws passed by Congress that made it illegal for anyone to criticize the United States Government.

Areas of military conflict in the War of 1812

- Great Lakes - Chesapeake Bay - New Orleans (would allow control of the Mississippi River) - Golf Coast (Andrew Jackson's great victory)

Louisiana Purchase

1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory from France. Made by Jefferson for $15 million dollars, about 3 cents per acre, this doubled the size of the US.

Reasons for the War of 1812

1. GB first to violate US neutrality 2. GB Leopard fired on US Chesapeake 3. GB weapons found at Tippecanoe 4. GB animosity from American revolution

Hartford Convention (1814)

A meeting of Federalists to draw demands for Congress, and they threaten to return to England. Fails and the Federalist Party is gone by 1820.

French Revolution

A rebellion of French people against King Louis 16th. Many Americans supported the French because they thought it was similar to the American Revolution. George Washington declares US neutrality.

Henry Clay's Compromise

Allow Missouri to become a slave state. Break Maine off Massachusetts. Draw a line, everything south of 36 30 is automatically a slave state and every State north is a free State. Passes.

Judicial Review

Allows the Supreme Court to determine the constitutionality of laws, and void those laws if they believe they are unconstitutional.

Thomas Jefferson

Author of the Declaration of Independence, third President of the United States, first Secretary of State.

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

British warship fired on a US ship off Virginia's coast, killing three Americans and injuring 18. This pressures Jefferson to make a decision as to whether we should go to war or not.

New political parties

Democrats (Jacksonian) and Whigs

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

Cherokee Nation fought for their right to their land and the gold found on it. They won, but Jackson ignored the Supreme Courts ruling.

Five "Civilized Tribes"

Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole

Richard Henry Lee

Delegate from Virginia and member of the Second Continental Congress who urged Congress to support independence; signer of the Declaration of Independence.

James Madison

Delegate from Virginia known as the "Father of the Constitution," Federalist leader, and fourth President of the United States.

Treaty of Ghent

Ended the War of 1812, many Americans saw this as a US victory because the heard of the treaty after Jackson's great victory against the British, but realy the treaty was signed before Jackson's victory.

Chief Justice John Marshall

Federalist whose decisions on the U.S. Supreme Court promoted federal power over state power.

First Political Parties

Federalists and Democratic-Republicans

Federalists vs Anti-Federalists

Federalists were people who supported the ratification of the constitution. Anti-Federalists did not support ratification of the constitution. Anti-Federalists wanted more personal freedoms which eventually led to the bill of rights.

George Washington

First President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution (1732-1799).

Alexander Hamilton

First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt.

Compromise of 1833

Henry Clay says we will take the 50% tariff and reduce it to 25% over 10 years, 2.5% a year

Robert Fulton

Invented the steamboat

Election of 1828

Jackson goes state to state, trying to connect to people, he won the great victory in 1812, us vs. them, claims to be for the "Common Man". Jackson wins. A large percent of people vote.

Jefferson Presidency

Jefferson has much domestic success and sends many explorers west to expand America. France closes off the Mississippi river and Jefferson sends Monroe to negotiate with the French.

Election of 1824

John Q Adams received the second-most electoral votes and became president. Andrew Jackson was furious because he won the popular vote but lost the election.

Second Continental Congress (May 1775)

Meeting of all colonies to decide on revolution/Declaration of Independence is produced in this congress.

Philadelphia Convention (1787)

Meeting of state delegates in 1787 in Philadelphia called to revise the Articles of Confederation. They instead scrapped the Articles of Confederation and drafted a new document, the US Constitution.

Talmadge Amendment

Missouri may become a State but no more slaves allowed into Missouri. On a slaves 25th Birthday, they must become free. Amendment passes in the House, fails in the Senate.

Missouri Crisis (1819-21)

Must have 60,000+ people to become a state, but some of those people are slaves.

James Talmadge

New York representative, purposed the Talmadge Amendment

Andrew Jackson Presidency

Opposed the National Bank, objected to the right of individual states to nullify federal laws, and increased the presidential powers. First Democrat. Responsible for the Trail of Tears.

Sedition Act

Passed by Adams and the Federalists - You can't criticize the US Government - Federalists silence their critics through the Sedition Act - 1500 D-R arrested; constitutional crisis

Bank War

Political battle between Jackson, Clay and Nicolas Biddle over the renewal of the U.S. Bank; Jackson vetoed the recharter, put funds in pet banks.

King Cotton

Rise of Slavery in the southern United States

Tippecanoe (Indiana), 1811

Shawnee tribe attacks American farmers. William Henry Harrison defeats Shawnee. We discover that the Shawnee have British weapons. War Hawks are furious.

Henry Clay

Speaker of the House, Senator from Kentucky, Nationalist. Came up with the Henry Clay's Compromise.

Pet Banks

State banks where the Federal Government would collect revenue.

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Statement delivered by President James Monroe stating that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression requiring U.S. intervention. Europe listened.

McCulloch vs. Maryland

The Supreme Court said that a National Bank is constitutional under the General Welfare clause

Election of 1796

The first contested American presidential election. John Adams (Federalist) vs. Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican) Adams was elected president.

Andrew Jackson

The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815).

Marbury v. Madison

This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review

Election of 1800

Thomas Jefferson elected as president and defeats Adams. The Democratic-Republicans also win control of both the House and Senate.

Hamilton's Plan (1791)

To create a National bank and a common currency for all the colonies. Collect taxes to pay off our National debt.

Trail of Tears

US sends an army to forcibly move the Cherokee to Oklahoma. Over 4,000 died on the trail. Buried 10-12 per night.

War of 1812

War between the U.S. and Great Britain. America was outraged because Britain wouldn't recognize their neutrality and their power in the world.

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (1798)

Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional.

Democratic-Republicans (Jeffersonian)

• Common Man • Agrarian America • Rural America • State's Rights • Strict Interpretation of the Constitution • Preserve Freedoms • Support France

Federalists (Hamiltonian)

• Elitist • Industrial America • Urban America • Powerful Federal Government • Broad Interpretation of Constitution • Willing to limit Freedoms • Support Great Britain