American Government Ch11,14, 12, 13

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What is the minimum number of Supreme Court justices that have served at any one time? six nine four three

six

According to a 2007 poll, Americans MOST favored cutting which of the following programs? welfare farm subsidies Medicaid space

space

The use of paperwork in a bureaucracy lends itself to which of the following? specialization education secrecy standardization

standardization

How many entities make up the Executive Office of the President? 15 12 13 10

13

What was Bill Clinton's approval rating upon leaving office? 51 percent 22 percent 66 percent 38 percent

66 percent

According to presidential historians, which president ranked first in terms of leadership characteristics? Ronald Reagan Franklin D. Roosevelt Abraham Lincoln Dwight D. Eisenhower

Abraham Lincoln

What does the term "adverse selection" mean, and how is it related to premium costs under the ACA? (See issue 2 on pages 18-20.) Adverse selection refers to the possibility that healthy people will sign up for the ACA at greater rates than sick ones, thus lowering premium costs for everyone. Adverse selection refers to the possibility that sick people will sign up for the ACA at greater rates than healthy ones, thus increasing premium costs for everyone. Adverse selection refers to the dissatisfaction expressed by Republican governors who refuse to expand Medicaid or set up insurance exchanges in their states. Adverse selection refers to the likelihood that insurance companies will reject applicants with preexisting conditions and only offer coverage to those who are young and healthy.

Adverse selection refers to the possibility that sick people will sign up for the ACA at greater rates than healthy ones, thus increasing premium costs for everyone.

The USDA is considered a clientele agency, meaning that its programs are intended to benefit a certain group while that group also works to support the agency. Which of the following BEST describes the clientele that the Department of Agriculture primarily serves? food retailers and restaurants American agricultural producers and rural farm communities low-income women and children rural businesses that employ 50 or fewer people

American agricultural producers and rural farm communities

What distinguishes an iron triangle from an issue network? The clientele are not represented in an iron triangle. An iron triangle tends to be more powerful than an issue network. An iron triangle is less effective than an issue network. Members of Congress have less say in an iron triangle.

An iron triangle tends to be more powerful than an issue network.

The president's veto power is derived from which of the following? the Executive Power Clause the Supremacy Clause Article I of the Constitution Article II of the Constitution

Article I of the Constitution

Which of the following BEST describes what has happened to the EPA's budget and workforce over the past 40 years? Both the budget and workforce remained relatively stable until the 1990s, and then increased dramatically under President Clinton. Both the budget and workforce have remained stable since 1970. Both the budget and workforce have remained relatively stable since 1980. The budget has gradually increased over time while the workforce has gradually decreased.

Both the budget and workforce have remained relatively stable since 1980.

Which of the following is the primary source of the power of discretion given to bureaucrats? Congress Supreme Court decisions the president the Tenth Amendment

Congress

Page 17 lists eight issues that are described as fundamental to determining if the implementation of the ACA is a success. Which of the following BEST summarizes the central question at the heart of these issues? Does the average American know what the ACA law is? Do all employers begin to offer health care to all workers? Did all 50 states choose to participate in the ACA exchanges? Do more people have access to health care as a result of the ACA?

Do more people have access to health care as a result of the ACA?

Which of the following accurately describes the program termination efforts of the Republican-controlled 104th Congress? Efforts focused on two fairly small agencies. Efforts focused on two very large agencies. The Department of Defense budget was significantly reduced, but most of its programs remained intact. Numerous cuts were made, effectively reducing the size of the federal bureaucracy.

Efforts focused on two fairly small agencies.

Which of the following would represent an accurate statement regarding executive orders? The Supreme Court does not have the power to rule on the constitutionality of executive orders. The power to issue executive orders is expressed in the Constitution. Executive orders require the approval of Congress. Executive orders are derived from the presidential oath of office and the Executive Power Clause.

Executive orders are derived from the presidential oath of office and the Executive Power Clause.

The campaign promises of which of the following resulted in a major expansion of the federal bureaucracy? Abraham Lincoln Harry Truman Herbert Hoover Franklin Roosevelt

Franklin Roosevelt

According to Table 2, which of the following presidents is characterized as having a passive negative personality? George Washington Ronald Reagan Woodrow Wilson Bill Clinton

George Washington

According to Figure 7, which executive department has the largest budget? Defense Transportation Veterans Affairs Health and Human Services

Health and Human Services

What are the requirements for a product to be labeled as organic? It must be produced using preferred methods to avoid chemical contamination and without GMO exposure, and approved by a licensing agent from the local board of health. It must be produced using GMOs that have been deemed safe by the USDA, and approved by a certifying agent from the EPA. It must be produced using allowed substances and without excluded methods, and approved by a USDA NOP-authorized certifying agent. It must be produced using all-natural fertilizers and no pesticides, and approved by the head of the USDA.

It must be produced using allowed substances and without excluded methods, and approved by a USDA NOP-authorized certifying agent.

A bureaucracy has which of the following characteristics? It reflects a division of labor. It's managed by a hierarchy similar to a hub-and-spoke design. It's generally used to create legislation and policy. It's made up of employees who are generalists.

It reflects a division of labor.

Which of the following is a common suggestion as to how the federal bureaucracy should be reformed? It should become more efficient. It should be reduced to a single government agency. It should become much larger. It should be under tighter presidential control.

It should become more efficient.

Considering the rulemaking process, how might controversy affect the approval of a new organic standard? It would probably cause the regulation to be approved. It would probably delay the rulemaking process. It would probably cause the regulation to be dropped. It would probably expedite the rulemaking process.

It would probably delay the rulemaking process.

According to Subpart C of the National Organic Program regulations, what are the origin requirements for raising organic pigs? (See section 205.236.) Livestock must be born from breeder stock that has been under continuous organic management. Livestock must be under continuous organic management from at least the second day of life. Livestock must be under continuous organic management from at least the last third of gestation. Livestock must be under continuous organic management from birth.

Livestock must be under continuous organic management from at least the last third of gestation.

What two states served as policy "pioneers" experimenting with health care reform initiatives that ultimately became critical parts of the ACA? (See the "State Experiences" section of the document.) Massachusetts and Utah Texas and Wisconsin New York and Vermont California and Oregon

Massachusetts and Utah

What was a reform that one state in particular had already tested out before passage and implementation of the ACA? Utah had already raised the age limit for children to remain on their parents' insurance. Massachusetts had already enacted an individual mandate requiring health insurance. New York had already required insurance companies to cover all individuals with preexisting conditions. Oregon had already pioneered the inclusion of holistic health care to be covered by traditional health insurance.

Massachusetts had already enacted an individual mandate requiring health insurance.

After World War II ended, what happened to the federal bureaucracy? President Truman made efforts to streamline it. It rapidly expanded. It became generally less efficient. President Truman reduced it to its pre-New Deal size.

President Truman made efforts to streamline it.

James David Barber, a noted presidential scholar, achieved renown when he foresaw problems based on the character of which president? George W. Bush John F. Kennedy Bill Clinton Richard Nixon

Richard Nixon

Which of the following is a check on the president's power to appoint department heads? Senate confirmation bureaucratic approval budgetary support judicial veto

Senate confirmation

According to the Conclusion on page 25, how is a policy's internal architecture and external environment related to successful implementation? Successful implementation of the Affordable Care Act largely depends on insurance companies being willing to comply with the new regulations on their industry. Successful implementation of the Affordable Care Act largely depends on many players complying with the law and working together across partisan lines. Successful implementation of the Affordable Care Act largely depends on the president reaching across partisan lines to encourage states to comply. Successful implementation of the Affordable Care Act largely depends on the federal government being able to cover the costs of insurance exchanges and the Medicaid expansion.

Successful implementation of the Affordable Care Act largely depends on many players complying with the law and working together across partisan lines.

How has partisanship been closely tied to implementation of the ACA? Republicans overwhelmingly support the ACA. The ACA has a record of almost no Democratic support. The ACA has a record of almost no Republican support. Both Democrats and Republicans overwhelmingly support the ACA.

The ACA has a record of almost no Republican support.

Burke and Kamarck note that two previous major healthcare reforms, the establishment of Medicare in 1965 and the development of Medicare Part D in 2003, might help us know what to expect in terms of the implementation of the ACA. However, they note some critical differences between the implementation of those reforms and the implementation of the ACA. How is the ACA different from the Medicare developments? The implementation of the ACA is more complex because it effectively replaces both Medicare and Medicaid. The implementation of the ACA is more complex because it involves all 50 states and the federal government working together. The implementation of the ACA is less complex because it only involves the federal government implementing the law. The implementation of the ACA is less complex because it doesn't require major changes to the health care industry.

The implementation of the ACA is more complex because it involves all 50 states and the federal government working together.

The organic certification process includes which of the following steps? The certifying agent reviews the producer's application and the inspector's report to determine if the applicant complies with the USDA organic regulations. The local health inspector tours the producer's farm to provide advice on how to comply with USDA organic regulations. The producer meets with an inspector at the local USDA offices to review the application and discuss the producer's agricultural practices. The head of the USDA ratifies the organic certificate issued to the producer by the certifying agent.

The certifying agent reviews the producer's application and the inspector's report to determine if the applicant complies with the USDA organic regulations.

Which of the following occurred during the Great Depression and its aftermath? The Supreme Court's interpretation of the Commerce Clause remained consistent with its historical treatment of this clause. The executive branch created a number of new bureaucratic offices. Government programs were implemented to deal with events like Shays' Rebellion. The federal government contracted in size due to the severity of the recession.

The executive branch created a number of new bureaucratic offices.

Globalization and technological progress have had which of the following effects on the U.S. presidency? They have generally decreased presidential power. They have generally increased presidential power. They have not had any effect on presidential power. They have made it easier for the president to make decisions.

They have generally increased presidential power.

Why might the Founders have limited the powers of the executive branch? They intended for the judicial branch to be the most powerful. They preferred the idea of a direct democracy. They sought continuity with the executive powers outlined in the Articles of Confederation. They wanted to avoid the tyrannical power of a king.

They wanted to avoid the tyrannical power of a king.

When was the last time Congress declared war on another nation? World War II (1941) World War I (1917) the Vietnam War (1955) the Spanish-American War (1898)

World War II (1941)

Hide Study Questions Reset President Ronald Reagan's management style resembled which of the following? a general hands-on a CEO wheel-like

a CEO

A worker at the upper end of a bureaucratic hierarchy would probably be which of the following? a person who handles complaints a senator a person of greater authority a generalist

a person of greater authority

In entering into conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, President George W. Bush did which of the following? waited until the War Powers Resolution had passed Congress mobilized troops after Congress had declared war on these nations concluded an executive agreement acted in his capacity as commander in chief

acted in his capacity as commander in chief

According to Barber's typology, which of the following personality types potentially makes the best type of president? passive negative passive positive active positive active negative

active positive

Which of the following could be considered a substitute for a treaty ratified by the Senate? an executive agreement an executive order ambassadorial appointment judicial approval

an executive agreement

The Federal Reserve System is which of the following? a government corporation an independent regulatory commission a part of the EOP an executive department

an independent regulatory commission

What is an independent agency? a regulatory commission a component of an executive department an organization set up by Congress a part of the cabinet

an organization set up by Congress

The executive branch includes which of the following? state lawmakers and congressional committees corporate managers and boards of directors federal judges and courts of appeals cabinet departments and federal agencies

cabinet departments and federal agencies

Which of the following would represent an instance of the president "going public"? circumventing Congress to petition the people directly revealing classified information opening campaign donations to the people delivering a State of the Union address

circumventing Congress to petition the people directly

The Department of Agriculture may be considered which of the following? an independent agency clientele-oriented tied to the Committee on Natural Resources serving the interests of the general population

clientele-oriented

Which of the following was a primary focus of government policies and programs between the 1780s and 1930s? social initiatives such as welfare and pension programs commerce between states and with other nations federal bureaucratic expansion economic stimulus

commerce between states and with other nations

Executive departments generally correspond to which of the following? congressional committees state-level administrative offices federal court jurisdictions presidential policy priorities

congressional committees

What are the three components of an iron triangle? congressional committees, bureaucratic agencies, and interest groups government officials, party leaders, and influential journalists executive departments, state legislatures, and local court systems presidential aides, congressional staffers, and federal law clerks

congressional committees, bureaucratic agencies, and interest groups

Which of the following provides the National Organic Program with its regulatory authority? an executive decree a Health and Human Services initiative the Supreme Court congressional legislation

congressional legislation

Which of the following policy priorities was a part of the Progressive movement? suppression of unions deregulation of industry preservation of the status quo conservation of land

conservation of land

In which of the following areas is presidential power limited? declaring war trying to set the legislative agenda choosing nominees for Supreme Court justices pressuring Congress to act on his or her policy recommendations

declaring war

Devolution entails which of the following? Choose the BEST answer. a shift from the public to the private sector delegating power to state and local governments cutting government personnel a larger degree of federal implementation of programs

delegating power to state and local governments

What is the primary responsibility of the NOP? establishing national farms that produce organic agricultural products developing the consistent standards that govern how organic agricultural products can be produced promoting the use of organic practices in the management of public lands developing educational outreach programs to encourage consumers to embrace organic foods

developing the consistent standards that govern how organic agricultural products can be produced

Devolution efforts in the area of welfare reform have resulted in which of the following? stronger federal control differences in the quality of services provided by different states a standardized level of services across all states weaker state authority

differences in the quality of services provided by different states

Who runs the insurance exchanges? either the federal government, a state government, or both insurance providers only either a state government, insurance providers, or both the federal government only

either the federal government, a state government, or both

Which of the following reflects the most important expansion of the federal bureaucracy since the Great Society era? establishment of the Department of Homeland Security Medicare expansion Postal Service reform increased Department of Defense activity

establishment of the Department of Homeland Security

The move to privatization has engendered which of the following concerns? government accountability contractor competence contractor availability outsourcing

government accountability

Which of the following powers would a president most likely utilize toward the end of his or her term? granting a pardon to a convicted criminal giving a State of the Union address appointing a secretary of state nominating a Supreme Court justice

granting a pardon to a convicted criminal

Which of the following represents a presidential check on judicial power? Choose the BEST answer. convening Congress vetoing legislation presiding over an impeachment hearing granting amnesty to a group of people

granting amnesty to a group of people

Which of the following is an expressed presidential power? exercising executive privilege entering into executive agreements serving as head of state in diplomatic relations granting pardons and reprieves

granting pardons and reprieves

Which of the following BEST describes President Reagan's efforts to shrink the government? a complete failure hindered by a Democratic majority in the House of Representatives highly successful and permanently effective just a campaign promise

hindered by a Democratic majority in the House of Representatives

The Reagan Revolution may be seen as a reaction to which of the following? ineffective Great Society programs expanding economic activity declining government responsibility outdated New Deal programs

ineffective Great Society programs

Which of the following is a duty the president assumes as a public opinion leader? shape the party agenda implement party priorities shape the national agenda serve as head of state

shape the national agenda

What are the four steps of the National Organic Program's rulemaking process? initial planning, proposed rule, public comments, and final rule observation, hypothesis formulation, testing, and drawing conclusions agenda setting, policy formulation, adoption, and evaluation application processing, site inspection, internal review, and final authorization

initial planning, proposed rule, public comments, and final rule

Which of the following is an implied presidential power? making policy recommendations vetoing legislation appointing department heads issuing executive orders

issuing executive orders

Presidents depend on their party in which of the following capacities? mobilizing voters funding the campaign supporting judicial nominees setting the agenda

mobilizing voters

How large is the federal civilian workforce in the executive branch? nearly 500,000 employees nearly 100,000 employees nearly 2.8 million employees nearly 1.5 million employees

nearly 2.8 million employees

What are the health insurance exchanges? online marketplaces for individuals to purchase insurance coverage that will comply with the Affordable Care Act local conferences where individuals can meet with both insurance representatives and government officials to voice concerns about their policies online forums for individuals to read and discuss provisions of the Affordable Care Act that might affect them local conferences where insurance representatives meet to ensure that their policies will comply with the Affordable Care Act

online marketplaces for individuals to purchase insurance coverage that will comply with the Affordable Care Act

Which of the following is a strategic goal of the USDA? (See the Strategic Plan Framework on pages 3-4 of the PDF.) preserving natural resources and protecting them from climate change ensuring access to efficient transportation for those in rural areas maintaining seed banks to protect biodiversity in the event of a natural disaster providing fresh produce and whole grains to low-income children

preserving natural resources and protecting them from climate change

A desire to reform the federal bureaucracy is often expressed by which of the following? presidential candidates members of the military federal bureaucrats residents of Washington, DC

presidential candidates

The use of security contractors in Iraq represents an example of which of the following? privatization reengineering budget cuts devolution

privatization

In the name of defending the Constitution, President Franklin Roosevelt set which of the following precedents? Choose the BEST answer. suspending the right of habeas corpus in times of war recommending presidential programs and budgets to Congress assuming authority over the judicial branch using the line-item veto to modify legislation

recommending presidential programs and budgets to Congress

The Pendleton Act did which of the following? established minimum wages ensured the preservation of Yellowstone National Park created regulations designed to prevent monopolistic behavior required federal employees to be hired based on merit

required federal employees to be hired based on merit

Hide Study Questions Reset The United States' role as a world leader has which of the following consequences? decreased presidential power increased isolationism ripple effects from domestic economic activity a transition away from importing and exporting

ripple effects from domestic economic activity

The relationship between a president and his party may be described as which of the following? parasitic generally negative symbiotic intense

symbiotic

What is the largest division within HHS according to actual spending in 2010? the Administration for Children & Families the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services the National Institutes of Health the FDA

the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

Which piece of Great Society legislation provided federal protection against discrimination in voting, employment, education, and access to public facilities? the Voting Rights Act of 1965 the Civil Rights Act of 1964 the Anti-Discrimination Act of 1963 the Trade Expansion Act of 1962

the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Which of the following serves narrow rather than general interests? the Department of Agriculture the Department of Education the Internal Revenue Service the State Department

the Department of Agriculture

The Progressive Era can be regarded as a reaction to which of the following? Choose the BEST answer. the election of President Andrew Jackson Prohibition the overwhelming degree of governmental regulation of the late 1800s the Industrial Revolution and its effects

the Industrial Revolution and its effects

The goals of the Great Society initiative most closely resembled those of which of the following? the Federalists the suffragettes the New Deal the patronage system

the New Deal

Which of the following situations represents a check on presidential power? the president promoting an aide to become his new chief of staff the governor of a state deciding to challenge the president for reelection the Senate holding a vote on a Supreme Court nomination the Supreme Court declining to hear a challenge to an executive order

the Senate holding a vote on a Supreme Court nomination

Which of the following is a program administered by the Food and Nutrition Service agency? the Food Quality Assurance Program the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) the National Organic Program the Farm Bill Broadband Program

the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)

On which of the following did Congress override the president's veto? the Emancipation Proclamation the Equal Rights Act the Voting Rights Act of 1965 the War Powers Resolution

the War Powers Resolution

Executive privilege was invoked in which of the following cases? the Watergate scandal school desegregation in Little Rock, Arkansas "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" the White House Office of Faith-Based Initiatives

the Watergate scandal

At which point in time did the federal bureaucracy first significantly increase in size? the election of President Andrew Jackson the creation of the Department of War the drafting of the Constitution the election of President George Washington

the election of President Andrew Jackson

Which of the following is responsible for administering laws? the police the executive branch the military the legislative branch

the executive branch

The spoils system had which of the following effects? the election of President John Adams the expansion of the federal bureaucracy the outbreak of the Civil War an amendment to the Constitution

the expansion of the federal bureaucracy

According to the text, what has come to be viewed as the moment when the federal bureaucracy became a crucial provider of social services? the outbreak of World War II the Stock Market Crash of 1929 the election of President Franklin D. Roosevelt the passage of the Social Security Act of 1935

the passage of the Social Security Act of 1935

What is the primary means by which the president checks the power of the bureaucracy? Choose the BEST answer. the power of appointments department employment levels the patronage system department funding

the power of appointments

According to Richard Neustadt, a president's performance is directly related to which of the following? management style the ability to maintain good relations with the media general appearance the power to persuade

the power to persuade

The fact that Bill Clinton left office with a much higher approval rating than that of George W. Bush can be explained by which of the following factors (among others)? Clinton's scandal-free tenure in office Bush's charismatic personality the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan initiated by the Bush administration the thriving economy at the end of the Bush administration

the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan initiated by the Bush administration

How many executive departments existed during the time that George Washington served as president? six three one none

three

According to the certification FAQ page, for an existing farm to become certified organic, how much time must have elapsed, at minimum, since prohibited substances were used on the farm? 36 weeks five years one year three years

three years

Which of the following is a key provision of the Affordable Care Act? to establish a nonprofit health care system to provide federally run health care coverage to phase out Medicare and Medicaid to expand access to insurance coverage

to expand access to insurance coverage

The largest part of the USDA budget is allocated to the Food and Nutrition Service agency. What is its mission? to promote healthful diets among all Americans to provide those with limited means access to nutritious food in a way that supports American agriculture to provide subsidies to low-income farmers who grow nutrient-dense crops to provide job training to low-income Americans who want to become nutritionists

to provide subsidies to low-income farmers who grow nutrient-dense crops

Under what circumstances might the president use the power to receive foreign dignitaries and appoint U.S. ambassadors? Choose the BEST answer. to strengthen party loyalty to provide a check on the judicial system to criticize proposed legislation to recognize the legitimacy of other nations

to recognize the legitimacy of other nations

Which of the following reflects a duty of the vice president? to replace the Speaker of the House in his or her absence to oversee troop deployments to vote in the Senate if there is a tie to remain a constant presence in Congress

to vote in the Senate if there is a tie

For a bureaucrat, which of the following would allow for a maximal amount of discretion in interpretation? a law that contains clear instructions for implementation vaguely worded legislation a divided government a law that includes specific definitions of terms

vaguely worded legislation

When might we expect to see a large number of vetoes? when Congress is out of session when the U.S. is involved in a war when there is a Republican Congress and a Democratic president when there is a Democratic Congress and a Democratic President

when there is a Republican Congress and a Democratic president


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