American government chapter 6 objectives
identify the characteristics of independent executive agencies
-Independent agencies of the United States federal government are those agencies that exist outside of the federal executive departments. -Independent regulatory agencies are federal agencies created by an act of Congress that are independent of the executive departments
summarize the function components and organization of the defense department and its military departments
-civil control of the military -secretary of defense -chief military Aides MILITARY DEPARTMENTS -army -navy -Air Force
examine how the US government uses economic resources in foreign policy including foreign aid
Diplomacy--the act of dealing with other nations, usually through negotiation and discussion. Diplomacy involves meetings between political leaders, sending diplomatic messages, and making public statements about the relationship between countries. Foreign aid --states often help each other to improve relations and achieve their own foreign policy objectives. There are two types of foreign aid: Military Aid: States donate, sell, or trade military equipment and technology to affect the military balance of power in certain key regions of the world Economic Aid: States donate or loan money to other counties to boost economic development. Military force--states use military force or the threat of military force to achieve their foreign policy objectives. The use of military forces often involves stronger states pressuring weaker states to get what they want.
analyze how today's US foreign policy affect select places and regions as well as a significance to the United States of the location and key natural resources of selected global places and regions
Despite the physical distance between the United States and the Middle East, U.S. influence has been felt in every country within the region. Throughout the 20th century, strategic interests, including a longstanding competition with the Soviet Union, have provoked a variety of U.S. interventions ranging from diplomatic overtures of friendship to full-blown war. American economic interests -- particularly in assuring access to Middle Eastern oil -- have long motivated presidents and lawmakers to intervene in the region. In addition, strong cultural ties bind American Jews, Arab Americans, Iranian Americans, and Turkish Americans, among others, to the area, and these interest groups seek to make their voices heard in the U.S. foreign policy arena. Entering the Middle East For most of the 20th century and now into the 21st, the U.S. has had global interests and a global reach to match. In the Middle East, the U.S. has made itself a key player by using its diplomatic, economic, and military power in support of its national interests.
describe the functions components and organizations of the state department and its overseas Representatives
The United States Department of State also referred to as "the State Department" or simply "State," is the executive branch department of the United States federal government primarily responsible for administering U.S. foreign policy and consulting with the President of the United States and Congress on internationalThe mission statement of the State Department reads: "To advance freedom for the benefit of the American people and the international community by helping to build and sustain a more democratic, secure, and prosperous world composed of well-governed states that respond to the needs of their people, reduce widespread poverty, and act responsibly within the international system." The primary functions of the State Department include: Provide protection and assistance for U.S. citizens traveling or living abroad; Assist U.S. businesses and industries operating in the global marketplace; Coordinate and provide support for international activities of other U.S. agencies, official visits overseas and at home, and other diplomatic efforts; Inform the public about U.S. foreign policy and relations with other countries and provide feedback from the public to administration officials. Similar the foreign ministries in other nations, the State Department conduct international diplomatic relations on the part of the United States by negotiating treaties and other agreements with foreign governments. The State Department also represents the United States in the United Nations. Created in 1789, the State Department was the first executive branch department established after final ratification of the U.S. Constitution. Headquartered in the Harry S Truman Building in Washington, D.C., the State Department currently operates 294 U.S. embassies around the world and oversees compliance of more than 200 international treaties.
show how world war II finally ended America's traditional policy of isolationism giving way to internationalism in the policy of collective security and deterrence
after WWI US went back into isolationism after WWII we entered a historical shift from isolationism to increased role in global affairs
explain why Congress created the independent agencies
created by Congress to deal with matters that have become too complex for the scope of ordinary legislation.T he Independent agencies are created by congress and located outside the executive departments
analyze the structure and functions of the executive branch of government
the executive branch of government is responsible for enforcing the laws of the United States. picture our federal government as a tree with three branches: the judicial branch, the legislative branch, and the executive branch. Each branch is connected to the same trunk and together they make up the United States federal government. Separately, each branch of the tree is responsible for different things and is led by different people. The executive branch of government is led by the president of the United States.
describe the major regional security alliances developed by the United States
treaties in which the US and other countries involved have agreed to take collective action to meet aggression in a particular part of the world NATO--n alliance formed to protect the freedom and security of its members through political and military action UNIED NATIONS--a league of nations, with 192 members, that accepts the obligation of the United Nations Charter, a treaty drafted in 1945
explain the structure and function of government corporations
within the executive branch and subject to the president's direction and control; set up by congress to carry out certain business-like activities; little use until WWI; now more than 50 of these corporations
explain the duties of the White House the national security council and the office of Management and budget
White house office - presidents personal and political staff national security council - advise the president of domestic, foreign, and military matters that relate to the nations security
define a bureaucracy
a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives. refers to both a body of non-elected government officials and an administrative policy-making group.
describe the difference between a staff agency and a line agency
staff agency - aid chief executive and other administrators by offering advice and other assistance in the management of the organization line agencies - congress and pres give them goals to accomplish staff agencies help them
explain how groups within the federal bureaucracy are named
- president is the chief admin of federal govt. - administration - division into areas of specialization like department - for agencies of the cabinet rank and agency, administration, commission, corporation, and authority
identify other agencies that make up the executive office of the President
- office of management and budget (OMB) - prep of federal budget - office of national drug control policy ;dramatizes nations concern over drugs - council of economic advisers - three country's leading economists and acts as presidents major source of info
explain the major responsibilities of the federal government for foreign policy
Foreign policy determines how America conducts relations with other countries. It is designed to further certain goals. It seeks to assure America's security and defense. It seeks the power to protect and project America's national interests around the world. National interest shapes foreign policy and covers a wide range of political, economic, military, ideological, and humanitarian concerns.America's foreign policy has changed over time reflecting the change in its national interest. 1.) treaties & alliances 2.) international trade 3.) defense budget 4.) foreign economic and military aid 5.) US nuclear weapons testing 6.) disarmament negotiations
describe the history purpose and effect on private Enterprise of selected independent executive agencies and regulatory commissions including NASA and the SEC
Governmental units that closely resemble a Cabinet department but have narrower areas of responsibility and perform services rather than regulatory functions.Agencies enjoy considerable discretion, but they are also subject to many formal controls that help make them more accountable. The president, Congress, and the judiciary all exercise various degrees of control over the bureaucracy through oversight, funding, or litigation. GSA - general services administration NASA - develop air & space technology. (space program) EPA - environmental protection agency. Work with laws that protect environment
explain how the director of national intelligence in the director of Homeland security contribute to national security
The Director of National Intelligence serves as the head of the Intelligence Community, overseeing and directing the implementation of the National Intelligence Program budget and serving as the principal adviser to the President, the National Security Council, and the Homeland Security Council for intelligence matters related to national security. Working together with the Principal Deputy DNI and with the assistance of Mission Managers and Deputy Directors, the Office of the DNI's goal is to effectively integrate foreign, military and domestic intelligence in defense of the homeland and of United States interests abroad.
examine the history structure and work of the United Nations and its relationship with the United States
The General Assembly has the brief to discuss and decide on issues of international peace and security. All members of the United Nations are represented in the General Assembly. It can make recommendations to promote international peace; international economic and social co-operation and it can promote human rights. The structure of the United Nations is based around its charter. The United Nations Charter consists of 111 articles.. The charter established six parts of the United Nations: General Assembly Security Council Economic and Social Council Trusteeship Council International Court of Justice Secretariat
summarize u.s. foreign policy during the first 150 years of its history including its adherence to isolationism
foreign policy was isolationist was that the very foundation of the U.S had in it's principles the idea of avoiding war in the future generations; the world had a different conjecture of war that would end in the 30's. By staying idle to the growing fascism in Europe, (the Johnson Act-1934 and the Neutrality acts -1935 prevented economic or military aid to any country involved in the disputes that were to escalate into World War II) , America encouraged the British in their policy of appeasement and contributed to French paralysis in the face of the growing threat posed by Nazi Germany . After World War II with the creation of the United Nations, isolationism was no longer an option specially to oppose communist expansion-East and West . Negotiating and maintaining peace was the practical responsibility of the new U.N. Security Council, made up of the United States, Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and China.
identify the major elements of the federal bureaucracy
hierarchical authority - based on a pyramid structure job specialization - each bureaucrat has certain defined duties and responsibilities formalized rules - does its work according to rules and regulations
describe the executive office of the President
includes both advisors and agencies that work closely with the President -umbrella agency of separate agencies - presidents right arm - established in 1939