American History Chapter 12 Test: Civil War-1861-1865

What was Scotts great snake?

Strategy of the north to invade and capture the south. They would go around the border and cut back through the middle.

What was the 54th Massachusetts regiment?

african americans fight for the union

Who were the copperheads?

antiwar democratic politicians (named after snake, wrote speeches warning republican policies)

Why did the copperhead attack lincoln?

because of his sympathy for african americans

special shell filled w/ lead balls about the size of bullets

canister

What did Ulysses S. Grant do?

commanded gunboats to attack fort henry (fort henry surrenders feb 1862, then nashville falls into hands of union)

What was the outcome of the Battle of Bull Run?

confederates won, learned both sides need more training, it was not going to be annoys or short war

Result of the USS monitor

ended in a draw/inconclusive impact: future naval warefare

cannons now=

giant shotguns

new and deadly technology, small floating for w rifled cannons. built to navigate small rivers, steam powered

gunboat

granted 160 acres of federal land to settlers who lived on the grant and improved it for a period of five years

homestead act of 1862

Where did most of the fighting occur?

in the south (attacking enemies capital was vital)

What was the goals of the Battle of Bull run (july 21, 1861)

make quick work of the bulk of the confederate army, open the way to richmond, end the war

What was some of the new technology?

mini ball and new musket, rifling inside the gun barrel would make it go in a straight line (improved accuracy)

Offense: ________

north

What needed to happen for the Anaconda plan to work?

north had to squeeze the south by gaining control of midwestern part of the confederacy

The north made good use of their advantages during the anaconda plan. What were they?

population, industry, railroads and its navy

5 days afte battle of Antietam, what did Lincoln write?

preliminary emancipation proclimation

What did Lincoln warn the confederates?

return to union by jan 1, 1863 or all slaves are forever free

exploded in the air over the enemy or burst after it hit

shell

What was the battle of Antietam

(commanders: McClellan-union, Lee (confed.)) first major battle on union soil, 22k casualties, bloodiest day in history, back and forth attacks, inconclusive

What was the war of attrition?

(davis recognized wisdom of idea)weaker side has to avoid direct confrontation, citizens demand they defend entire confed. from VA to TX, bigger armies try to take over.

What were some strategies of the Anaconda Plan?

1.northern ships cut off south from the rest of the world 2.Union riverboats could cut confed. in 2 @ mississippi.

Known in south as battle of Sharpsburg

Antietam

Ironclads Vs. Wooden frigate

Ironclad: would win, will not go down as quick when shot at, Wooden: wood would catch on fire, would sink if shot at

money from the sale of public land was to be used to fund an agricultural college in each state. established department of agriculture and also promoted farming in the nation

Morrill Act of 1862

permitted the federal govt. to offer public land and money to several companies in return for the construction of a railroad from nebraska to pacific coast

Pacific railroad act of 1862

Captured John Brown, did not support slavery, experienced, wanted well trained men, fought for virginia

Robert. E. Lee

What did Winfield Scott suggest about the Anaconda Plan?

Union forces surround the confederacy and slowly squeeze it to death, like a snake

Battle of Shiloh:

sneak attack form southern army, confed. win on first battle day, general killed and replaced by PGT, 13k killed on both sides, bloodiest battle so far, stops confed. from regaining highways

Defense: __________

south

What was special order 191

turning point in civil war, geroge launched attacks and then battle of antietam, if orders had not been found everything would have changed

What was the impact on war with new technology?

unprocessed amount of deaths

What was the war on the rivers?

war of the west, land of waterways all lead to Miss.