American History Chapter 19
How did Nixon try to save his reputation from his scandal?
"Checkers Speech"; denied any wrongdoing and tried to appeal to sympathetic public by talking about his daughters and dogs Checkers
What book written by Jack Kerouac described a nomadic search across America for authentic experiences, people, and values?
"On the Road"
What did Time magazine describe the homemakers?
"the key figure in all suburbia"
What factors contributed to the baby boom?
-reunion of husbands and wives after the war - decreasing marriage age - desirability of large families - confidence in continued economic propsperity - advances in medicine
What percentage of homes in the 1950s were built in the suburbs?
85%
Who was among the first radio dj's to play R&B and invent rock-n-roll?
Alan Freed
In which Supreme Court case did the government rule that public schools must be racially integrated?
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Why did Truman have so much difficulty passing his civil rights legislations?
Congress kept refusing him
What was the first credit card issued?
Diner's Club
Where were the names of those a part of the States' Rights Democratic Party?
Dixiecrats
Who wrote "Common Sense Book of Baby and Childcare" and advised parents not spank or scold their children?
Dr.Spock
Who was the unofficial "King of Rock 'n' Roll"?
Elvis Presley
What was the name for Truman's economic program that was an extension of FDR's New Deal?
Fair Deal
What jobs did Mexican Braceros take during WWII?
Farming and agriculture jobs
What government agency regulated and licensed television, telephone, telegraph and radio industries?
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
What was the name of the Mexican American WWII hero that wasn't allowed a funeral because he was Mexican?
Felix Longoria
What bill supported veterans by paying them tuition, giving them employment benefits, and providing low-interests, federal loans?
GI Bill
What federal agency was created to helped with urban renewal?
Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
What was Eisenhower's nickname?
Ike
What Act authorized nationwide highway networks, made high-speed, long haul trucking possible, and contributed to a decline in the commercial use of railroads?
Interstate Highway Act of 1956
What plan increased foreign trade?
Marshall Plan
What was the name of Eisenhower's economic program?
Modern Republicanism; conservative government when it comes to money and liberal government when it comes to human beings
Where did Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man?
Montgomery, Alabama
What act assisted with urban renewal and tore down rundown neighborhoods to construct low-income housing?
National Housing Act of 1949
What genres made up rock-n-roll?
R&B, country, and pop
Who was Eisenhower's running mate?
Richard Nixon
Where was the Beat Movement centered?
San Francisco, Los Angeles, And New York City's Greenwich Village
What did the movie industry try to introduce to attract more customers?
Smell-O-Vision, Aroma-Rama, and 3D
What new party protested against Truman's civil rights proposals?
States' Rights Democratic Party
What invention became a symbol of popular culture and was a powerful new advertising tool?
TV
What policy eliminated federal economic support for Native Americans?
Termination Policy
What movement expressed social and literary nonconformity?
The Beat Movement
What was the name of the book in which William Whyte described how the new, large organizations created what he called "company people"?
The Organization Man
Name some famous conglomerates.
Walt Disney Corp, Coca Cola, Kraft, Comcast, P&J
Who coined the term "company people" that described the people who tried to conform to society?
William Whyte
What was American culture on its way of becoming in the 1950s?
a "throwaway society"
What proposals were successful from Truman's Fair Deal?
a raise in minimum wage from 40 to 75 cents an hour; extension of Social Security coverage; creation of flood control and irrigation projects
What invention impacted the poor people in the inner cities (leaving them without jobs and vital services) and made public transportation decline?
automobiles
What were followers of the Beat Movement called?
beats or beatniks
What were major corporations that included a number of smaller companies in unrelated industries?
conglomerates
How did the government solve the severe housing shortage problem veterans faced when they returned from the war?
developers used the assembly line method to mass produce houses
What were companies that offer similar products or services in many locations?
franchises; fast food restaurants
What new convenience item was introduced by the food industry to make it easy for people to eat without missing their favorite shows?
frozen TV dinners
What would companies do for people applying for jobs to make sure they would "fit in" the corporate culture?
give personality tests
What was the main focus of rock-n-roll?
had heavy rhythm, simple melodies, and lyrics that centered on love, cars, and problems of being young
How did Truman threaten union strikes?
he threatened to draft the striking workers and order them as soldiers
What caused about 4.5 million workers to strike in 1946?
high inflation; wages did not keep up with inflation
What did radio stations turned to after knowing they couldn't compete with televisions?
local programming of news, weather, music, and community issues
What was the White Flight?
millions of middle class white Americans left the cities for the suburbs, taking businesses and property and income taxes with them; cities weren't able to properly maintain or improve schools, public transportation, and police and fire departments; the only peoples left where the poor whites and nonwhites
How many wives were dissatisfied with their lives as homemakers?
more than one-fifth
What marketing tragedy did manufacturers used to keep making consumers buy their products?
planned obsolescence
What did newspapers accuse Nixon of doing?
profiting from a secret slush fund set up by wealthy supporters of the Eisenhower campaign
What did Truman's Fair Deal include?
proposals for a nationwide system of compulsory health; insurance and a crop-subsidy system to provide a steady income for farmers
suburbs
small residential communities surrounding cities
Why was defense spending so high?
tensions with the Soviet
Why did adults condemn rock 'n' roll?
they believed it would lead to teenage delinquency and immorality
What did critics call urban renewal?
urban removal
How did Truman gain support for his party and win the election?
whistle-stop campaign