American History Chapter 9

What are the aspects of women's changing role in the context of the expansive and dynamic growth of the market economy in nineteenth-century America?

-A woman's role was often seen to be that of sustaining nonmarket values of love, friendship, and mutuality, providing men shelter from the competitive marketplace. -Some women followed work as it moved from the household into factories. -Many women embraced the view that a woman's role was to shape a nurturing and loving private home environment shielded from the competitive tensions of the market economy.

What are the key differences between traditional artisan production and the new factory system?

-Artisans typically mastered a much wider range of skills than did factory workers. -Unlike factory workers, artisans tended to produce goods in small workshops, often at home. -Artisans typically set the pace of their own labor| factory workers did not.

What elements are the second great awakening?

-Methodist and Baptist churches underwent explosive growth in membership. -It democratized American Christianity. -It stressed the right of private judgment in spiritual matters and the possibility of salvation through faith and good works.

What innovations are associated with the market revolution of the first half of the nineteenth century?

-Railroads -Canals -Steamboats

What are the significant trends in American thought during the market revolution?

-a faith that anyone could attain material success through diligence and intelligence -a conviction that personal privacy and independent thought were essential ingredients of freedom - an insistence that America had a right—indeed a mission—to spread its brand of freedom across the continent

What are innate characteristics of women, according to the "cult of domesticity?"

-selflessness -submissiveness -innocence

What are mounting sources of concern over the effects of the market revolution?

-the increasing dependence of workers upon wage labor -the rising inequalities of wealth -the ongoing cycle of boom and bust

Democracy in America was written by:

Alexis de Tocqueville.

What are the features of westward expansion during the early to mid-1800s?

Cities had no significant presence in the expanding West.

The court case in which it was held that workers' unions are not illegal was:

Commonwealth v. Hunt.

What was the American System of Manufacturers?

It was the mass production of interchangeable parts into rapidly built, standardized products.

America's first successful factory was established in 1790 by:

Samuel Slater at Pawtucket, Rhode Island.

Of the following projects, New York City's commercial ascent was owed chiefly to:

The Erie Canal

The 1825 completion of the 363-mile Erie Canal connected:

The Great Lakes with NYC

Early New England textile mills relied largely on the labor of:

Women and children

The Second Great Awakening was:

a popular religious revival that swept the country in the early 1800s.

For Ralph Waldo Emerson, freedom was:

an open-ended process of self-realization by which individuals could remake themselves.

What 1793 invention spurred the rise of the Cotton Kingdom and fueled demand for slaves?

cotton gin

"Slave coffles...became a common sight." Define "coffles"

groups changed to one another

Chicago's spectacular growth between 1830 and 1860 was principally due to:

railroads

What effect did the Embargo of 1807 have on manufacturing in the United States?

stimulated its growth

Manifest Destiny was:

the belief that the United States had a God-given mission to expand westward.

During the first half of the 1800s, the U.S. economy experienced explosive growth in output and trade, and a rise in the standard of living for millions of Americans. This dynamic and expansive growth was, in part, a consequence of the rise of factories, a transportation revolution via canal and rail, a communications revolution spurred by invention of the telegraph, increasing agricultural yields and the mechanization of farm equipment, a rising prosperity for financial institutions, and larger cities. Historians call this new economy:

the market revolution or market economy

Ralph Waldo Emerson was which of the following?

transcendentalist

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?

work begun on National Road, steamboat introduced on Mississippi River, work begun on Erie Canal, work begun on Baltimore and Ohio Railroad