AMH Chapter 9
Compromise Tariff of 1833
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Force Bill
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The Nullification Crisis
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The cement that held the Whig party together in its formative days was hatred of
Andrew Jackson
The person most responsible for defusing the tariff controversy that began in 1828 was
Henry Clay
The South Carolina state legislature, after the election of 1832 declared the existing tariff null and void in
South Carolina
The Tariff of 1828 or Tariff of Abominations
Southerners had to pay more in order to ship goods out of the country
"Tippecanoe" in the Whigs' 1840 campaign slogan was
William Henry Harrison.
The proposal for exceptionally high rates in the Tariff of 1828 arose from
ardent supporters of Andrew Jackson who actually hoped it would be defeated.
Both major political parties of the Jacksonian era tended to
be socially and geographically diverse.
Calhoun and the South favor
compromise
The Anti-Masonic party of 1832 especially appealed to
democratic feeling and evangelical Protestant reform sentiment.
The essential policy of the Jackson administration toward the eastern Indian tribes was
forced removal to the West.
The Whigs hoped to win the 1836 election by
forcing the election into the House of Representatives.
Andrew Jackson based his veto of the recharter bill for the Bank of the United States on the fact that
he found the bill harmful to the nation as well as unconstitutional
William Henry Harrison, the Whig party's presidential candidate in 1840, was
presented to the public as a poor western farmer.
Both the Democratic party and the Whig party grew out of
shared heritage of Jeffersonian Republicanism.
John C. Calhoun's "South Carolina Exposition" argued that
states had the right to nullify federal laws.
The "nullification crisis" of 1832-1833 erupted over
tariff policy
"Bloody Bill" authorized the President to use
the Army and Navy to collect federal tariffs.
The section of the United States most hurt by the Tariff of 1828 was
the South.
The spoils system under Andrew Jackson resulted in
the appointment of many corrupt and incompetent officials to federal jobs.
During its years of existence, the second Bank of the United States was
the depository of the funds of the national government.
Southerners actually feared the Tariff of 1828 most because they believed that
the federal power this bill represented could be used to suppress slavery.
The purpose behind the spoils system was
to reward political supporters with public office.
Innovations in the election of 1832 included
~Nominating Conventions ~Written Party Platforms ~Third Political Party
XXX In an effort to accommodate their culture to the new conditions of American society, the Cherokees did:
~adopt a system of settled agriculture. ~develop a written legal code. ~develop a Cherokee writing system. ~promote education and schools.
Supporters of the Whig party included:
~backers of the American System. ~backers of southern states' rights. ~northern industrialists. ~evangelical Protestants.
XXX ***The Panic of 1837 was caused by:
~excessive speculation. ~Jackson's banking and financial policies. ~financial problems abroad. ~failure of wheat crops.
Characteristics of Henry Clay's election campaign of 1832:
~he had a hefty campaign chest of $50,000. ~most of his financial support did not come from the Bank of the United States. ~he had strong newspaper backing. ~he lost both the popular vote and the Electoral vote to Andrew Jackson who won the 1828 Presidential election.
Martin Van Buren's administration was troubled by:
~his lack of personal charisma and popularity. ~his reputation as a product of the Democratic political machine. ~a serious economic depression. ~the inherited enemies of former president Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson and his supporters disliked the Bank of the United States because:
~it issued only gold and silver but not paper currency. ~it controlled much of the nation's gold and silver. ~it was a private institution that acted like a branch of government. ~it foreclosed on many western farms and drained funds to the east.
XXX In their treatment of Native Americans in the 1830s, white Americans did:
~recognize the tribes as separate nations. ~try to "civilize" the Indians by encouraging them to adopt white ways. ~trick them into ceding land to whites. ~send missionaries to Indian tribes.
Andrew Jackson made all of the following charges against the Bank of the United States:
~the bank was unconstitutional. ~it was controlled by an elite moneyed aristocracy. ~the bank was autocratic and tyrannical. ~the bank's president arrogantly defied the president of the United States.