AMH Final Exam

The code name for the successful United States effort to develop effective Nuclear Weapons was the ____________________________________.

A- Manhattan Project

The Korean Conflict was triggered by:

A- the military invasion on 25 June 1950 of the UN recognized republic of Korea (south) by the Communist Peoples Democratic Republic of Korea (north)

Following the September 11 2001 attacks, the United States invaded the country of ____________________________ within a matter of weeks, triggering the longest conflict in US History.

Afghanistan

According to our authors, in the 1950's much of the cultural change towards a more individualistic culture was influenced by:

All answers are correct

In addition to the nuclear and conventional "Arms Race", the Soviet Union's 4 October 1957 launch of "Sputnik" the first successful man-made Earth Satellite, triggered the __________________________.

All answers are correct.

The US, British and French response to the road, waterway and rail blockade of the city of Berlin in 1948 was____________________.

B- the largest military airlift in history to successfully supply the Western sections of Berlin

This President, _______________________________ was the nation's first bi-racial president and won the Democratic nomination and was elected President on a platform of change in 2008. This President was elected in the aftermath of the 2008 Economic Recession triggered by runaway real estate speculation driven by "loose" home mortgage policies mandated by the Federal Housing policies and the "bundling" and "securitization" of home mortgages by Federally-insured banks, which triggered a partial collapse of the US Banking industry. As a candidate, this President promised to withdraw all US military forces from Iraq, and benefitted from American "war weariness",

Barack Obama

Upon winning the 1992 Presidential election, ________________________________ assumed office and immediately proceeded to change the perception of the presidency by incorporating popular and celebrity culture. During his election, he was interviewed on MTV and played saxophone on the Arsenio Hall Show. Following his election, in the first two years of his administration this President attempted and failed to pass Universal Health Care and permit Gays to serve openly in the military. Internationally, this President presided over the passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) with Canada and Mexico

Bill Clinton

During the Second World War, the United States supported the ________________ Empire, led by Prime Minister Winston Churchill, in resisting and ultimately defeating the Axis Powers.

British

The three main "Axis Powers" that the United States fought during the Second World War were _________________ .

C- Japan, Germany and Italy

According to out text, the exploits of Senator Joseph McCarthy are often used to symbolize the "excesses" of Anti-Communism;

C-however despite Senator McCarthys grandstanding there was a legitimate threat

One of the major foreign policy incidents that damaged the Truman Administration was the fall of mainland ____________________ to communist forces led by Mao Zedong, which resulted in the non-communist forces fleeing to the island of Taiwan.

China

In the 1960's, the term "Freedom Riders" referred to:

Civil rights activists who organized interstate bus rides

During the 1950's, a conflict/rivalry between the Soviet Union and its allies and the United States and its allies was known as the "_____________________", which resulted in increased baseline military spending and the emergence of, in the words of President Eisenhower, a "Military/Industrial Complex".

Cold War

Many youths of the 1960's and early 1970's were attracted to a lifestyle known as the ________________________. This new cultural movement included support for Civil Rights, minority rights, recreational drug use, sexual "liberation", Antiwar activism, and a general rejection of both

Counterculture

President Kennedy faced several foreign policy challenges during his presidency, to include a less-than-stellar performance at the Vienna Summit, the construction of the Berlin Wall, and the escalating Vietnam conflict, his greatest challenges involved the Caribbean island of _______, which included a failed CIA-sponsored invasion and a "Missile Crisis" that nearly triggered a nuclear war.

Cuba

One of the most dangerous Nuclear confrontations between the USSR and the US occurred in October of 1962 and is known as __________________________

Cuban Missle Crisis

During WWII, President Roosevelt Executive Order No. 9066 had the effect of

D- All answers are correct

During WWII, a great impact on American society was ________

D- All answers are correct

According to our text, despite the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act, Civil Rights leaders such as Martin Luther King were perturbed by the lack of____________ resulting from the efforts of the Civil Rights Movement.

Economic Justice/Wealth Redistribution,

The former Supreme Allied Commander, Europe during World War II, ran for the Presidency in 1952. ___________________ promised to end the Korean Conflict. During his term, he led the United States during a period of unprecedented prosperity and left office in January 1961. Despite his personal popularity, his Vice President, Richard Milhous Nixon was defeated in the 1960 Presidential Election.

Eisenhower

President ____________________________ was the American head of state from March 1933 until his death on 12 April 1945. Notably, he is the only American elected to the Presidency more than twice, having won four separate Presidential elections.

FDR

According to our text, the Post- WWII building boom created a drag on the post war economy due to the increasing cost of transportation due to "suburbanization"

False

After being discredited during the "Great Depression", the US increasingly turned against unfettered Capitalism as the decade of the 1950's progressed

False

All prewar "New Deal" Federal programs dating from the Franklin Roosevelt administration were eliminated by 1952

False

Despite some delays, the United States took forceful steps during World War II to admit Jewish refugees

False

During the 1984 Presidential Election Reagan barely defeated Walter Mondale with Reagan carrying only 28 states and only 50.2% of the popular vote to Mondale's 22 states and 48.9%.

False

Female activists Phyllis Schiafly, Beverly LeHaye and Anita Bryant supported the proposed Equal Rights Ammendment as well as Gay Rights Laws and other socially progressive legislation opposed by cinservative Christians.

False

Following World War II, returning soldiers were hesitant to use their promised benefits under the 1944 "G.I. Bill of Rights" and there was a reduction in the number of young veterans attending college after the war

False

Formed in 1985, the Democratic Leadership Council (DLC) was a group of politicians and other "thought leaders" within the Democratic party who advocated for Keynesian economic policies and the concerns of organized labor while distancing the party from political moderates and the business community.

False

Franis Fukuyama, predicted that socialism would return as a major force and that free markets would fall into disrepute due to it's inherent contradictions

False

George H.W. Bush won the popular vote but was defeated in the electoral college by Bill Clinton in the 1992 preseidental election

False

Josef Stalin appealed to the United States and Britain to assist in supervising free and fair elections in Soviet-occupied Eastern Europe following WWII but was rebuffed by President Truman and Prime Minister Churchill

False

President Lyndon Johnson won the 1968 Democratic nomination for reelection but lost in the Presidential election to Richard Nixon.

False

The Civil Rights movements "sit ins" targeted segregation in the "Northern" states such as Ohio and Colorado

False

The US military was militarily defeated in Vietnam and was forced to evacuate the country due to the north Vietnameses successful "Tet Offensive" in January 1968.

False

The United States and Britain maintained their "Nuclear Monopoly" until 1953, when the soviet union detonated their first successful nuclear device.

False

The United States and the British Empire entered World War II at roughly the same time

False

The Woodstock Music Festival in NY and the Altamont Speedway Concert in CA, occuring within months of each other, both were peacful events that demonstrated the ideals of the so called "hippie" movement.

False

The first Gulf War (1990-91) was caused by Iraqi dictator Sadam Hussein's invasion of Saudi Arabia

False

Upon the assisination of JFK, his vice-president Richard Nixon was inaguarated and implemented the far-reaching "Great Society" social welfare legislation, oversaw the passage of several civil rights acts and introduced ground forces into Vietnam

False

By the mid-1950's, much of the nation's advertising, especially for automobiles, household products and appliances, was targeted towards __________________________.

Female Consumers

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Treaty was submitted to and ratified by the US Senate during the Presidential administration of ____________________.

George H.W. Bush

__________________________________, a scion of the New England "WASP Aristocracy", The grandson of an Ohio Senator and son of a prominent Connecticut businessman, was the one of the youngest Commissioned Naval aviators in history and served as a TBF "Avenger" torpedo bomber pilot in World War II, surviving being shot down in the Pacific. Following the war, he became an oil company president and rumored clandestine CIA agent. Entering politics in the 1960's, he was President Ronald Wilson Reagan's Vice-President from 1981 - 1989. Elected to the Presidency in 1988, he presided over the Fall of the Berlin Wall, the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact, the breakup of the Soviet Union, and the end of 75% of the Marxist/communist governments worldwide by the conclusion of his term.

George HW Bush

This President, ___________________a popular and successful Republican Governor of Texas, the son of a former President and the brother of a popular and successful Governor of Florida. When running for President against Vice-President Al Gore, he lost the popular vote but was ultimately elected in the Electoral College after a long drawn-out controversy, settled by the US Supreme Court, involving the State of Florida and punch-card machines, bringing the term "hanging chad" into popular use. Despite campaigning on a domestic focus, his first term was dominated by international events and terrorism,

George W Bush

A former Michigan Football star, World War II Naval Officer, and a House Minority Leader, __________________ was inaugurated President in 1974 following the earlier resignation of Vice President Spiro Agnew and the August resignation of Richard Nixon. This President is unique in modern era in that he became President despite never having won an election on a national-level ticket. The distrust of the Federal government in the wake of many scandals, the fall of South Vietnam to a North Vietnamese invasion, the ongoing "Energy Crisis", and a distrust of establishment politicians as a result of multiple scandals all conspired to lead to his defeat in the 1976 Presidential election to former Georgia Governor James Earl "Jimmy" Carter. Sharing his last name with a popular automotive brand, he was compared to a car known as the "Pinto" that was also in disrepute during this time.

Gerald Ford

With regards to the US invasion of Iraq in the spring of 2003, The US and Iraq:

Had been in a state of conflict, to include military attacks, since the conclusion of the first Gulf War in 1991.

One of President Reagan's major domestic accomplishments was the "taming" of America's chronic Economic _________________ Rate in association with Federal Reserve chairman Paul Volker through intentionally raising interest rates and triggering an Economic Recession in 1982, which hurt Republican candidates in the Mid-term elections but conversely set the stage for over seven years of economic expansion.

Inflation

The fall of the Shah of Iran and the rise of the Ayatolla Ruholla Khomeini contributed to President Carter's electoral defeat in the 1980 Presidential election due to the "___________ Hostage Crisis", which involved the seizure of the US Embassy, Tehran and the detention of 52 American diplomatic personnel for 444 days.

Iranian

Democratic Massachusetts Senator _________________________ defeated Vice President Richard Nixon in the 1960 Presidential Election, due to several factors; from his photogenic appearance on televised debates, his exploitation of a largely-fictional "Missile Gap", as well as suspicious vote-counting in Cook County, Illinois. This President was popular for his youthful appearance and is exhortations for Americans to "Pay any Price/Bear any Burden" in the defense of Liberty. Notable events in his term included the failed Bay of Pigs invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis. Lee Harvey Oswald, a former Marine who had earlier defected to the Soviet Union and a Castro sympathizer, assassinated him in Dallas, Texas with an Italian-surplus Carcano rifle on 22 November 1963.

JFK

On 2 September 1945, the Empire of ____________________ was the last of the major Axis Powers to surrender, signing the Instrument of Surrender on the deck of the US Battleship USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay.

Japan

________________________________, a United States Naval Academy graduate and former Governor from Plains, Georgia, was elected President of the United States in 1976 and Inaugurated in 1977. After a very successful initial period, which included the 1978 Camp David accords, this president was overwhelmed by interrelated domestic and foreign issues, such as the ongoing "Energy Crisis" and related Second "Oil Shock", the negotiated turnover of the US-controlled Panama Canal to Panama while it was governed by a military junta, Economic Inflation, the fall of the Shah of Iran and resulting Iran Hostage Crisis, Islamic extremism, an economic Recession, the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, ongoing US military readiness issues, and an ineffective response to Soviet/Cuban sponsorship of revolutionary movements and regimes in Latin America hostile to US Interests.

Jimmy Carter

Truman Administration conflict on this penisulaAnother Foreign Policy challenge to the Truman Administration was the conflict on the _____________ peninsula, which was ultimately endorsed by the United Nations, resulted in over 33,000 US casualties and ended in a military stalemate.

Korean

Following the assassination of President John Fitzgerald Kennedy in November of 1963, Vice-President _______________________________, the former Democratic Senate Majority Leader from Texas assumed the Presidency. This President shepherded the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and a series of social welfare programs collectively known as "The Great Society". However, despite his overwhelming victory in the 1964 Presidential election against Republican candidate Barry Goldwater, his term was marked by urban unrest/rioting, social decay, high-profile

Lyndon Johnson

During the 1980's one of the most popular of the new cable-based television channels, founded in 1981, that helped to break the information/entertainment domination of the "Big 3" broadcast networks had maintained from the 1950's through 1980 was:

Music Television (MTV)

President George H. W. Bush's reelection effort was hindered by the entry of Texas businessman H. Ross Perot, who opposed the ________________ Treaty, into the 1992 Presidential race. Perot claimed that this treaty would result in "A giant sucking sound" of American jobs being outsourced to Mexican factories. This treaty would ultimately be passed during the subsequent Clinton Administration.

NAFTA

In 1950, the US National Security Council produced a 58-page, top-secret report proclaiming the threat of Soviet communism. In the new postwar world, the report argued, the United States could no longer retreat toward isolationism without encouraging the aggressive expansion of communism across the globe. The United States, the report said, had to mobilize to ensure the survival of "civilization itself." This report, which influenced US Strategic policy until the fall of the Soviet Union, was known as

NSC-68

William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton was elected President in 1992 on the Democratic Party ticket by running as a:

New Democrat

A major event that weakened President Nixon's domestic standing in late 1973 was the ________________________ by Arab oil-producing countries due to US Support of Israel in the 1973 Yom Kippur War, which resulted in gas lines, gasoline shortages, and a spike in US Gasoline Prices.

Oil Crisis

One common criticism of the Presidential administration of Barack Obama was the plethora of Executive _____________ his administration generated due to his administration's inability to work with the Republican Party majority in the Congress to pass legislation.

Orders

One criticism civil libertarians have of the Presidency of George W. Bush was passage of "The __________________ Act" in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks.

Patriot

During the 1981 elections, the a coalition of libertarians, social conservatives, business advocates, "hard money" economists, and Cold War "hawks" combined to support the (Party) candidate ____________________________ .

Republican- Ronald Reagan

In the 1968 Presidential Election, a nation that seemed to be on the verge of chaos elected Republican candidate _____________________________, a former Senator from California and Vice-President of Dwight David Eisenhower from 1953 until 1961. After losing the 1960 Presidential election to John F. Kennedy and the 1962 California Gubernatorial election, this candidate returned to win the Presidency. Some notable accomplishments include the withdrawal of US military forces from Vietnam and his visit to Communist China in 1972. After his overwhelming re-election in 1972, this President was forced from office due to the unfolding "Watergate" scandal. The President is the only one to date to resign from office, which he did effective 9 August 1974.

Richard Nixon

A musical form that emerged in the mid-1950's that heavily influenced the emerging postwar "youth culture" was_______________.Musical form that emerged in the mid 1950's

Rock and Roll

After winning the Presidential election in 1980, _______________________________, a Republican former actor, union president and corporate spokesman for General Electric Company assumed the Presidency in 1980. Despite being the oldest President in the modern era, he survived an assassination attempt by John Hinckley and went on to oversee the largest reorganization of the Department of Defense since its inception, a rebuilding of military forces, a severe "induced" Recession to bring inflation under control, Tax Reform, and a major reduction of government regulations adversely impacting private

Ronald Reagan

One of the most controversial aspects of the so-called "Reagan Defense Build-up" was.

Star Wars Missle Defense System

One concern for civil libertarians during the current administration is the outsize role of the intelligence agencies, judiciary, and Federal Bureaucracy have assumed in opposing the policies of the Trump Administration through ethically and legally dubious means. This group of relatively stable, unelected permanent officials is often derisively known as "The Deep _______________".

State

Harvard economist and public intellectual John Kenneth Galbraith's celebrated book ______________ ____________ ____________ examined America's new post-World War II consumer economy and political culture.

The Affluent Society

According to our authors, a key work in launching the so-called "Second-Wave Feminist" movement of the 1960's and early 1970's was Betty Friedan's book ___________________.

The Feminine Mystique

One of the most notable diplomatic accomplishments of the Reagan Presidential Administration was:

The Intermediate Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty.

The proximate cause of the US entry into the Second World Was was

The Japenese attack on Pearl Harbor, the Phillipines and other US possession in the Pacific

One of the first major Post World War II Supreme Court decisions relating to the constitutionality of segregation was the ____________________.

The Shelley vs. Kraemer Decision

On 2 August 1964, the US Navy destroyer USS Maddox came under fire in uncertain circumstances. As a result, the US Congress passed the ____________________, which was used as justification by US President Lyndon Johnson to deploy US ground combat forces to Vietnam following the 1964 Presidential election.

The Tonkin Gulf Resolution

According to our texts, the main factor driving both radicalism and reaction during the second half of the 1960's and the early 1970's was:

The Vietnam Conflict

1968 is considered the year in which the world seemed to be unravelling, as many terrible events unfolded. Which of the following destabilizing factors did NOT occur in 1968?

The inauguration of Richard Nixon and President.

One of the major drivers of ongoing opposition to the Vietnam Conflict among the young, particularly college-aged men, was_________________________.

The military draft

One of the major driving forces of the 1960's and early 1970's that contributed to the Peace Movement, the emergence of the so-called "Generation Gap", and the rise of the Counterculture and increasing radicalism among the young, and a general rejection of both capitalism and traditional values was:

The ongoing Vietman Conflict

One of the major factors that facilitated the electoral victory of Senator Barack Obama over Senator John McCain in the 2008 Presidential election was:

The recession of 2008 triggered by a real estate market crash and resulting US banking crisis

A major turning point in the trajectory of the US, with regards to civil rights legislation, domestic policy and foreign relations was the assisination of JFK by the Marxist radical Lee Harvey Oswald in Dallas, TX on November 22, 1963

True

According to our text, "The Cold War grew out of the failure to achieve a durable settlement among the leaders from the big Three Allies- the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union- as they met at Yalta in Russian Crimea and at Potsdam in occupied Germany to shape the postwar order".

True

According to our text, much of the margin for JFK's narrow victory over Richard Nixon in the 1960 Preseidential election was due to Kennedy's more photenic appearance on TV, particulary during the presidential debates

True

According to our text, the Civil Rights Movement at the beginning of the 1970's was very different from the more "intergrationist" model of the early 1960's due to the rise of "Black Power" movement as well as the rise of more radical and retribution based factions with the movement itself.

True

According to our text, the practice of real estate "Redlining", where the racial/ethnic composition of a neighborhood was one of the factors used to determine mortgage "risk", was implemented on a national scale by the Federal government through the policies of the Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC), the Veterans Administration (VA) and the Federal Housing Administration (FHA)

True

In the 1980 Presidential election, Ronald Reagan defeated incumbant President James "Jimmy" Carter and John Anderson to become the 40th president of the US.

True

Japan saw the war a necessary due to their reliance on import of oil, scrap metal, and rubber from the United States as well as other western sources and militarist factions within the Japanese Government considered the US embargo a de-facto act of war

True

On 1 October 1949, Mao Zedong declared Chinas a communist "Peoples Republic" following the defeat and expulsion of Nationalist/Kuomintang forces from mainland China

True

On 9/11,2001 the World Trade Center towers in NYC were destroyed by Islamic suicide attacks.

True

On February 22, 1946, less than a year after the end of the war, the charge d`affaires of the U.S. embassy in Mosco, George Kennan sent a famously lengthy telegram- literally referred to as the long telegram- to the United States denouncing the Soviet Union

True

One of the radical changes in communication was the emergence of the TV as a major source of home entertainment between 1948 and 1960

True

One significant US action in the chain of events leading to the Cuban Missle Crisis was US (CIA) leadership/sponsorship of the failed Bay of Pigs invasion of Castro's Cuba on 17-20, April 1961

True

One significant factor that soured many Americans on the the Great Society and the evolving Civil Rights movement was the series of Urabn riots between 1965 and 1970.

True

One social effect of the war was the mass hiring of female labor to replace conscripted and mobilized men in business and industry, often in nontraditional roles, during WWII

True

The Soviet Union collapsed in 1981 due to econmic stagnation and uncontrolled military spending, therby ending the "cold war" publicly announced by Winston Churchill in his 1946 Fulton, Missouri speech.

True

Two Foreign Policy issues that dominated the 1980 presidential campaign were the 52 Americans being held hostage by Iran following the seizure of the US Embassy Tehran and the Soviet Union's December 1979 invasion of Afghanistan

True

Upon the death of Franklin Roosevelt, ________________________ was sworn in as the 33rd President of the United States and represented the United States at the post-World War II Potsdam Conference, and left office in 1953, during the Korean Conflict. This President is notable in that he is the only American President to date who has ordered the use of nuclear weapons in combat, which resulted in the nearly complete destruction of the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Truman

This President, elected in 2016 is unique among Presidents in the modern era in that he held no previous elective office, had no previous military experience, no previous judicial experience and held no appointed governmental positions prior to his election to the American Presidency in 2016, having previously engaged in property development, hotel management, luxury resorts, professional wrestling and reality television. Prior to the Presidency, he was famous

Trump

Despite his desire to focus on domestic policy, social welfare, and civil rights, President Johnson's administration came to be defined by US Participation in the _____________________ conflict.

Vietnam

One controversial aspect of Bill Clinton's candidacy during the 1992 election was when evidence emerged that he had accepted an Army ROTC scholarship while a student at Yale while not intending to serve in the military in order to avoid conscription during the ____________ conflict.

Vietnam

One domestic factor that inhibited President Ford's domestic popularity and facilitated his electoral defeat in the 1976 Presidential Election was the rise of economic/monetary ___________________, triggered by rising oil prices and a weakening US Dollar.

inflation

One of the major issues that affected the gay male population and brought the so-called "Gay Liberation" movement of sexual permissiveness to a halt was ____________________.

the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Epidemic of the 1980's