AMH Semester 2 Exam

Robber Barons

"Captains of the industry"- industrial figures recognized for their economic leadership and innovation. Had great business methods that led to control over entire industries.

Ku Klux Klan

A group that supports white supremacy. Primary hate targets are African Americans.

Trusts

When companies combine to limit the competition.

During the 1950s, mass consumption was promoted as

a patriotic act.

20. What was a result of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff?

a. It deepened the economic crisis.

39. Which of the following statements is true of the Indian New Deal?

a. It ended the policy of forced assimilation.

27. The first thing that Roosevelt attended to as president was the ________ crisis.

a. banking

10. The Teapot Dome scandal involved

a. bribes for the secretary of the interior in exchange for leases of government oil reserves.

The flapper

a. epitomized the change in sexual behavior and the right to choose her lifestyle.

In the 1920s, movies, radios, and phonographs

a. helped create a "new society" willing to maintain a standard of living at any price.

Warren G. Harding

a. oversaw a presidential administration plagued by scandal.

40. How did the federal government institutionalize racism during the New Deal?

b. The Federal Housing Administration refused to ensure mortgages in integrated neighborhoods.

Before World War II started, how could Franklin Roosevelt's actions toward Germany best be described?

concerned but cautious

The 1920s political scene was dominated by

conservatism

The Sacco-Vanzetti case

d. showed how the Red Scare and anti-immigrant sentiment undermined basic American freedoms.

12. What is the name sometimes given to the 1920s U.S. foreign policy?

isolationism

During the 1950s, Americans

reaffirmed the virtues of family life.

During the Cold War, American culture

witnessed how the Central Intelligence Agency and Defense Department emerged as patrons of the arts.

In 1949, Mao Zedong

won the Chinese Civil War and created the People's Republic of China.

After World War II, most working women

worked part-time to help support the family's lifestyle.

17. The Harlem Renaissance

17. The Harlem Renaissance

Knights of Labor

1869-1890s, a national union for workers that was later replaced by American Federation of Labor.

Progressivism

1900-1917, a reform movement that sought to have government actions in order to solve problems in everyday life. These problems included education, labor, transportation, and politics.

Muller v Oregon

1908. Supreme Court decided a states interest in protecting women can override liberty of contract. Louis D, Brandeis and Josephine goldmark of the national consumers league used statistics about women's health as protection in their argument

Kansas Exodus

40,000 to 60,000 blacks migrated to Kansas in order to escape the New South.

USS Maine

A battleship exploded Havana Harbor on Feb. 15 1898. It is assumed the Spanish mined the ship. There were 266 American deaths declared.

Ghost Dance

A ceremonial Native American dance intended to connect with the dead and make living Indians invincible in battle.

Carpetbaggers

A derogatory term used by members of the south when northerns came down to the south to help spread civil rights legislation, economic development, and public school systems.

Lynching

A person accused of a crime (normally black) were murdered by a crowd before they had the opportunity for a standing trial.

Immigration Restriction League

A political organization in 1894. Created to control immigration by giving immigrants a literacy test.

Ten-Percent Plan

A proclamation by Abraham Lincoln, that offered a pardon for all southerners, with the exception of high ranking Confederate government and the military leaders. It required 10 percent of the southern voting population to pledge to an oath of future allegiances to the United States and the emancipation of slaves.

Ellis Island

A reception center in New York Harbor. Europeans migrated through here and were processed from 1892-1954.

Conservation Movement

A reform movement that focuses on the preservation and sustainable management of the nations natural resources.

Dreed Scott

A slave that moved around with his master. When he moved southern again he took his master to court and said he deserves his freedom bc he lived in a free state at a point in time. He was told no because he didn't have the rights to sue because he was black. Judge said if he was a slave at one point he would always be a slave.

Gadsden Purchase

A sliver of land on Texas that includes to Rio Grande.

New Immigrants

A wave of new immigrants traveling from southern and Eastern Europe. It included many Jews. Jews became the majority of immigrants in America after 1890.

Socialism

Advocates means of production, distribution, and exchange should be regulated or owned by the

Sharecropping

Agricultural land can be shared legally by a landowner allowing a tenant to use land. The trade would be land for share of crops produced on the land.

11. Assess the state of the Democratic Party in 1924.

Although the incumbent Republican president Calvin Coolidge was an uninspiring choice, the hopeless divisions within the Democratic Party caused its bitter defeat in 1924.

In the 1950s, what did the term "totalitarianism" describe?

America's enemies in the Cold War

Chinese Exclusion Act

An 1882 law that stopped Chinese immigration to the United States

Battle of Vicksburg

An Union Victory, it marked the reputation of Union General Ulysses S. It gave the Union control of Mississippi River. Last major battle in the civil war.

Platt Amendment

An amendment in the Cuban constitution that allowed the United States to intervene in Cuban affairs. It forced newly independent Cuba to host the naval bases on the island.

Interstate Commerce Commission

An organization created by congress to acknowledge the abuses in the railroad industry by regulating rates.

How did the American public react to the dropping of the atomic bomb?

At first there was a general acceptance of the attack, but it was later criticized.

Radical Republicans

Before the civil war, republicans believed that blacks should be given the same rights and opportunities as whites. They believed slavery was morally wrong. They believed that confederates should be punished in the civil war.

Battle of Gettysburg

Bloodiest battle in the civil war in Pennsylvania. Fought in 1863, Robert E. Lee attempted to invade the north and force immediate end to the war. It failed. Lots of Americans died in this battle. Union victory. Major turning point in the Civil War. Lincoln's Gettysburg address.

Assess the state of individual American financial savings by the end of the 1920s.

By the end of the 1920s, the majority of American families had no savings whatsoever because they were purchasing consumer goods at a prodigious rate.

Compromise of 1850

California wants to be a free state. The Missouri compromise line cut it in half. The compromise of 1850 says : washing dc slave trade abolished, every new territory will determine on its own if it will be a slave or free state, through popular sovereignty.

Insular Cases

Cases between 1901-1904 that the supreme court ruled constitutional protection of individual rights did not fully apply to residents of insular territories acquired by the United States in the Spanish American war. Such as Puerto Rico and Philippines.

What accounted for the tension between Great Britain and the United States at the Yalta conference?

Churchill and Roosevelt disagreed over the future status of Britain's overseas colonies.

Freedman's Bureau

Congress created the Freedmen's Bureau. It provided food, housing , medical aid, schools, and legal assistance for previous slaves. As well, they tried to give former slaves land that was lost during the war.

Liberty of Contract

Courts overturned laws regarding the regulation of labor conditions as violations of economic freedom. This went for both employees and employers.

Federal Trade Commission

Created by the Wilson administration, it was an independent agency that replaced the Bureau of corporations. It was a powerful tool to stop unfair trade and monopolies.

American Federation of Labor

Created in 1881. Federation of trade unions. Made up of mostly white, native born workers. President of the federation was Samuel Gompers.

Industrial Workers of the World

Created in 1905, it was a radical union organized in Chicago. It's nickname was the Wobblies. Its

Civil Service Act of 1883

Ended spoils system and established Civil Service Commissions

Bargain of 1877

Ended the reconstruction era, an informal compromise between congressmen that settled disagreements in the 1876 presidential election.

Pure Food and Drug Act

First law to regulate manufacturing of food and medicines. It prohibited dangerous additives and inaccurate labeling. It was passed in 1906.

How did the promise of freedom in the postwar years differ for black and white Americans?

For white Americans, freedom was a position to be defended; for African-Americans, it was a goal to be achieved.

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Forbid discrimination in public places. Made discrimination unconstitutional. Part of the enforcement acts.

Society of American Indians

Founded in1911, an organization that brought together Native American intellectuals of many tribal backgrounds to promote the discussion of plight of the Indian peoples.

Haymarket Affair

Happened at Haynarket square in Chicago. May,4th 1886. A violent anarchist protest. Led to the trial of 8 anarchist leaders fir the conspiracy of committing murder.

19. Which of the following is considered internationally to be the "capital" of Black America?

Harlem

Texas Revolt

In 1836, a providence revolted against Mexico and became an independent country in Texas. Americans invaded Mexico. This was the Texas independence revolution that involved about 300 soldiers from the Alamo.

Battle of Antietam

In 1862, another battle in the civil war. Happened on Union soil. The union won this battle. This battle allowed for the emancipation proclamation to be developed.

Scientific Management

In 1911, Frederick Winslow Taylor introduced this method. It was made to improve work efficiency by using measurements such as time and motion studies to increase the productivity.

Fort Sumpter

In SC, Charleston Harbor, is an army fort. The first fire of the civil war was first on fort sumpter.

Free Soil Party

In the north , they decided that the two political parties did not make sense because of the main disagreement of slavery. The free soil party became a third anti slave party.

After World War II, which country gained its independence from Great Britain?

India

How did the role of the national government change during the war?

It grew and created several federal agencies to regulate the war effort.

Assess the effects of the Marshall Plan.

It helped to jump-start the economies of western Europe.

Which of the following statements best describes Japan's overseas actions in the 1930s?

Japan invaded China hoping to expand militarily and economically.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Kansas formed a government and voted on free or slave through popular sovereignty. Missouri people came over and illegally voted. Kansas than became a slave state.

What was the result of the Korean War?

Korea remained divided along the thirty-eighth parallel.

Dawes Act

Law passed in 1887. "Encouraged the adoption of white norms among Indians. Broke up tribal holdings into small farms for Indian families with the ram diet sold to white purchases."

Social Gospel

Liberal Protestant clergyman who advocated for the application of Christian principles to social problems that were caused by the industrial revolution.

Birth Control Movement

Margaret Sanger led this movement in the early 20th century. It was a feminist movement arguing that women should have the right to voluntary motherhood and birth control.

Battle of Little Bighorn

Most famous battle of the Great Sioux War, took place in 1876. Lieutenant colonel George Armstrong Custer massacred Siouxed and Cheyenne warriors at the Montana Territory.

What about the golden age of capitalism between 1946 and 1960 was most beneficial for Americans?.

Most monetary gains reached ordinary citizens through rising wages.

Settlement House

Movement in the late 19th century. It offered a broad array of social services in urban immigrant neighborhoods. The Chicago hull house was one of hundreds settlement houses operated by the early 20th century.

Fugitive Slave Act

Part of the compromise, biggest start of the civil war. Southern slave owner can retrieve their property from anywhere in the US. Even if their slave had been gone for years. Federal courts in the south would determine this. Local citizens were required to help capture fugitive slaves if asked by a federal official.

Popular Sovereignty

People (white males) choosing wether their territory is slave or free.

How did Los Angeles epitomize the new emphasis on the car in 1950s America?

People drove to and from work on a web of highways and shopped at malls only accessible by driving.

Gilded Age

Period of the end of the civil war to the turn of the century. Named after the title of the Mark Twain and Charles Warner novel.

Emancipation Proclamation

President Abraham Lincoln issued a proclamation and executive order in 1863, the third year of the civil war. The proclamation declared all slaves as free, and will be free from that point on.

Why did the United States continue to support South Vietnamese leader Ngo Dinh Diem's corrupt and weak regime?

Presidents Kennedy and Johnson feared losing Vietnam to communism.

Referendum

Progressive era reform that allowed public polices to be submitted to popular vote.

Recall

Progressive era reform that allowed removal of public officials by popular vote.

Seventeenth Amendment

Progressive reform passed in 1913 that requires the us. Senate to be elected directly by voters, previously, senators were chosen by state legislatures.

Initiative

Progressive reform that allowed citizens to propose and vote on laws bypassing state legislatures.

Philippine War

Propaganda from the American military. It suppressed the movement for Philippine independence after Spanish America war. Americas death toll was 4,000 but theirs was much higher.

Sherman Antitrust Act

Restricts monopolies through trusts and business combinations. Extended by Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914

Open Door Policy

Secretary of State, John Hay, in order to protect the Chinese market for US exports. It opened trade from China to be open to all nations in 1899.

Yellow Press

Sensationalism in newspaper publishing. Between the New York World and New York Journal, the publishers recorded events in Havana Harbor, it led directly to the Spanish American war.

Most likely why did the U.S. Supreme Court not order the immediate implementation of its ruling in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954?

Some justices on the Court feared the outbreak of widespread violence if there was such a bold ruling.

During the Cold War, the United States considered all anticommunist regimes as part of the free world even when the government was oppressive to its own people. Which of the following nations fit this description?

South Africa

Grandfather Clause

Southern disenfranchising legislatures created a loophole in 1890. It was for illiterate white males whose grandfathers had been eligible to vote in the civil war.

Which former enemy of Hitler signed a nonaggression pact with Germany?

Soviet Union

Populists

Started in 1892. A group that advocates a variety of reform issues. Included free coinage of sliver, income tax, postal savings, regulation of railroads, and direct election of US senators.

Plessy v. Ferguson

Supreme Court case that lead to the decision of legality following the Jim Crow laws. The laws required "separate but equal" facilities for blacks and whites

Tenure of Office Act

Tenure of office act restricted the President from removing a certain office holder without approval from the senate.

According to the textbook, what is one legacy of the 1960s?

The 1960s undermined public confidence in national leaders.

Which of the following statements is true of the Fair Deal?

The Fair Deal included a provision to create a national health insurance program.

What was one result of the Good Neighbor Policy?

The United States supported dictators in Latin America.

Black Codes

The conduct of African Americans were governed by laws that were called black codes.

New South

The editor of the Atlanta constitution, Henry W. Grady , envisioned democratic, industrial, urban, and free nostalgia for the defeated plantation south in 1886.

Navajo's Long Walk

The federal government tried to force Navajos to walk from their land. The land is now Arizona and New Mexico.

Fifteenth Amendment

The fifteenth amendment banned discrimination in the voting process. It prevents the government from denying someone the right to vote based on race, color, etc.

Civil Rights Bill of 1866

The first bill to fully and clearly establish the definition of citizenship. It assured all citizens were equally protected by the law. Thus was a reaction to the civil war.

Fourteenth Amendment

The fourteenth amendment clarified that people born or naturalized in the United States are all citizens. Also, insisted all citizens have equal protection of laws.

.Why did President Eisenhower use the CIA to overthrow the government of Iran in the early 1950s?

The government had attempted to nationalize British-owned oil fields, seemingly going socialist.

What opened Malcolm X up to the possibility of interracial cooperation in the United States?

The interracial harmony he witnessed among Muslims in Saudi Arabia during his Haj.

Atlanta Compromise

The leading black spokesmen of the time, Brooke T. Washington gave a speech to Cotton States. Washington was criticized for encouraging blacks to accommodate segregation and disenfranchisement

Why did France and other European nations understand NATO as a form of double containment?

The pact would guard them against Soviet aggression as well as Germany's resurgence.

New Nationalism

The platform of the progressive party. It stressed government activism, which included the regulation of trusts, conversation, and the recall of state court decisions that nullified progressive programs

Collective Bargaining

The process of an employer and employees negotiating working conditions.

Great Railroad Strike

The strike of railroad workers in West Virginia who refused to work due to wage cuts. Consisted of a series of demonstrations, some violent.

Crop Lien

The tenants or sharecroppers were able to get farming supplies by trading merchants for lien on their cash crops. This was very popular for cotton farms.

Progressive Party

Theodore Roosevelt broke away from the republican party in his second election and created the progressive party. It supported progressive reforms (similar to dems) but wanted to eliminate trusts.

How did white supremacists take advantage of anticommunist rhetoric?

They charged African-American civil rights leaders with a communist agenda.

What did the members of the new United Nations Security Council all have in common?

They were all part of the allies that won World War II.

Reconstruction Act

This act stated that all southern states in the civil war that were part of the confederacy needed to follow terms in order to be reunited with the Union. This was done by splitting the southern states into 5 military districts. The act became a law in 1867.

Homestead Act

This allowed any citizen to have 160 acres of public land as long as they improve the lot. This act was signed by Abraham Lincoln in 1862.

Thirteenth Amendment

This amendment was put in place in December of 1865. It proclaimed the abolishment of slavery and involuntary servitude. Unless used as a punishment for a crime.

Wade-Davis Bill

This bill required 50 percent of a states white males to also take a loyalty oath to be brought back into the Union. The states also had to give blacks the right to vote. President Lincoln did not sign the bill and therefore it was vetoed.

Transcontinental Railroad

This was also known as the pacific railroad. It connected the west and east coast. It was used to trade western food crops and raw materials.

Battle of Bull Run (both)

This was the first major battle of the American civil war. It ended with a confederate victory. First battle was right outside of DC.

Enforcement Act

Three bills passed that protected African Americans right to vote and hold government positions. Gave them equal protection under law.

Bleeding Kansas

Two governments were created in kansas to fight over slave or free. This happened because of the Missouri voting fraud of popular sovereignty.

Wilmot Proviso

Unsuccessful proposal to ban slavery from the new southern states. Including Texas. The south did not support this because of the Missouri compromise.

Wounded Knee

Us Calvary killed 200 members of Sioux. The last incident in Indian Wars.

Social Darwinism

Using Charles Darwin's "survival of the fittest" theory to justify the dusticitions between rich and poor classes.

Gold Standard

Various times where a dollar is worth X amount of gold in a US bank.

The Pearl Harbor bombing was the first attack on U.S. territory by a foreign power since which conflict?

War of 1812

Between 1950 and 1973 there was a reduction in income inequality. This was in part due to the federal government's progressive income tax policy. In practice, how did this policy work?

Wealthy Americans paid higher taxes than others.

Mexican War

When Texas wanted to join America, America accepted and helped fight off Mexico. America easily won because Mexico was very new. 1846-1848

Horizontal Integration

When a company increase the production of goods and services at the specific part of the supply chain.

Vertical Integration

When a company produces its own supplies for their demand. It cuts out an extra step.

As suggested by some commentators, how did big business enable individual freedom in the 1950s?

With large-scale production of goods came the freedom for individuals to choose among many items.

13. Still active today in pushing for individual rights, the American Civil Liberties Union started during what conflict?

World War I

Muckraking

Writing that shined a light on big problems in the beginning of the 20th century. These included

What did the Greensboro sit-in protest?

a lunch counter at Woolworth's that refused to serve blacks

37. Why did FDR try to change the balance of power on the Supreme Court?

a. He feared the Supreme Court might invalidate the Wagner and Social Security Acts.

22. Which of the following best describes the significance of the Columbia River project, similar to the Tennessee Valley Authority?

a. It typified New Deal public-works programs designed to keep natural resources in public rather than private control.

Why did cigarettes become known as "torches of freedom" during the 1920s?

a. Women began to smoke cigarettes as an expression of personal freedom.

32. In fireside chats and public addresses, President Roosevelt connected freedom with

a. economic security.

Which of the following took place in 1968?

a.Dr. Martin Luther King was assassinated b.Robert Kennedy was assassinated c.Over cities had racial riots including Detroit, Chicago, Baltimore, and Kansas City.

Between 1946 and 1960, the American gross national product

a.more than doubled, and wages increased.

The Hart-Celler Act of 1965

abandoned the national-origins immigration quota system.

During World War II, how did Mahatma Gandhi, the Indian leader, characterize the United States and Great Britain?

as hypocritical because of the lack of freedom and equity in India and for blacks in the US

In addition to sit-ins, other forms of direct action

attracted national attention, especially the 1961 "Freedom Rides."

The Lend-Lease Act

authorized military aid as long as countries promised to return it after the war.

34. The Second New Deal focused on

b. economic security.

26. When he entered office, Roosevelt

b. relied on the advice of a group of intellectuals and social workers.

In Schenck v. United States, the Supreme Court

b. ruled that bans on dangerous speech were constitutional.

During the 1950s, television

became the most common source of information.

Levitt, with the help of the GI Bill, gave many Americans the opportunity to

become homeowners.

18. What broad popular sentiments did the Ku Klux Klan express in the 1920s?

c. Control of the nation should be returned to native-born Protestants.

Which statement about farms in the 1920s is accurate?

c. For the first time in U.S. history, the number of farmers declined.

25. Why was the Glass-Steagall Act a key piece of legislation?

c. It banned commercial banks from involvement in buying and selling stocks, and set up the FDIC.

How did Roosevelt's opponents characterize liberty?

c. Liberty meant freedom from powerful and intrusive government.

15. Which of the statements about Prohibition during the 1920s is true?

c. Prohibition led to widespread corruption among law officials.

Which of the following best describes America in the 1920s?

c. Radio and movies reflected the uniformity of American society.

21. What was the result of the 1932 elections?

c. The Democrats gained control of the presidency and Congress.

Which of the following Second New Deal measures came closest to meeting the demands of the Congress of Industrial Organizations for supporting union membership?

c. the Wagner Act

36. In the presidential election of 1936

c. the so-called New Deal Coalition reelected FDR in a landslide.

What was essential to the growth of suburbs?

cars

Which of the following groups was the leading force in advocating desegregation?

college students

Which of the following became an incentive for reconsidering what it meant to be American?

communism

23. What political group most influenced FDR's New Deal?

d. Progressives

16. How did fundamentalist Christians define freedom in the 1920s?

d. as voluntary adherence to moral liberty

30. By 1935, the New Deal

d. faced mounting pressures and criticism.

28. The Civilian Conservation Corps

d. gave work to unemployed young men in jobs having to do with the environment.

35. The Wagner Act

d. was considered the "Labor's Magna Carta" because it brought democracy into the American workplace.

29. Which two New Deal programs did the Supreme Court rule unconstitutional?

e. Agricultural Adjustment Act and National Recovery Administration

38. Which phrase best describes Eleanor Roosevelt's tenure as First Lady?

e. She redefined the role of First Lady.

24. In which way was "liberalism" redefined by the New Deal?

e. as an effort by the government to protect and deliver for the people

The Manhattan Project

enabled the development of an atomic weapon based on the theories of German scientists involving energy and matter.

Rachel Carson's Silent Spring inspired the ________ movement.

environmental

The Great Society

included new health care, education, and urban development initiatives paid for with federal funds.

Besides failing to unionize the South, what other intended goal did Operation Dixie not meet?

moving textile jobs from the South to the Northwest

The status of blacks during World War II

not always improved in northeastern cities, despite the promise of better economic opportunity through wartime jobs.

Why was it unlikely that the Soviet Union was going to embark on a new military campaign in the years following World War II

preventing the expansion of U.S. economic interests in Latin America to appease growing unrest in impoverished regions.

The policy of "containment" can best be described as

preventing the spread of communism worldwide.

The GI Bill of Rights

rewarded all war veterans.

Between 1950 and 1970, suburbanization

strengthened racial divisions.

After World War II, the only nation that could rival the United States was

the Soviet Union.

The Truman Doctrine assumed

the United States would provide aid to any anticommunist regime, even if it was not a democratic one.

What does the textbook identify as the centerpiece of Johnson's Great Society?

the War on Poverty

The charges against which of the following organizations led to the downfall of Joseph McCarthy in 1954?

the army

"D-Day" refers to

the largest sea-land military operation in history.

What taste of freedom did women enjoy in World War II?

the possibility of doing men's jobs and receiving men's wages

What did the McCarren-Walter Act of 1952 permit?

the revocation of U.S. citizenship if deemed necessary

What was the goal of the policy of appeasement?

to avoid another conflict like World War I

In the United States during World War II,

unemployment declined and income taxes increased.

In Korematsu v. United States, the Supreme Court

upheld the legality of Japanese internment.

Civil rights initiatives after 1948

waned, given widespread American sentiment that any criticism of American society smacked of "disloyalty."

The Bay of Pigs invasion

was a complete failure.

Women's liberation

was a movement born of other movements, like the civil rights movement, where female activists had experienced

The "Iron Curtain"

was a term used in reference to the division between the capitalist West and the communist East.

The gay liberation movement

was inspired by the civil rights movement.

attracted national attention, especially the 1961 "Freedom Rides."

was reluctant to address the movement's demands until 1963.

During the Cold War, religious differences in the US

were absorbed within the notion of a common Judeo-Christian heritage, ensuring conformity.