AMH Test 3

Which of the following had been a traditional belief prior to the economic theories of John Maynard Keynes? a. Balanced budgets were sacred. b. A national economy always benefited from a trade surplus. c. A bimetallic standard was superior to the gold standard. d. Deficits are not a problem, as long as they do not enlarge national debt. e. Depressions typically emerged from a consumer's crisis of confidence

a. Balanced budgets were sacred.

In the 1950s, what did the term "totalitarianism" describe? a. Fascism, Nazism, and communism. b. Socialism and communism. c. Fascism and national socialism. d. Capitalism and conservatism. e. Social democracy and the New Deal.

a. Fascism, Nazism, and communism

How did the promise of freedom in the postwar years differ for black and white Americans? a. For white Americans, freedom was a position to be defended; for African-Americans, it was a goal to be achieved. b. White Americans thought of freedom exclusively in terms of property rights; African-Americans thought of it exclusively in terms of civil rights. c. African-Americans wanted a return to the New Deal; white Americans wanted the unregulated free market. d. African-Americans considered freedom the ability to travel overseas, while white Americans equaled freedom with home ownership. e. African-Americans wanted churches to rein in individual freedom, while white Americans embraced consumer individualism.

a. For white Americans, freedom was a position to be defended; for African-Americans; it was a goal to be achieved.

Which of the following statements best assess the fate of feminism during the New Deal? a. Given the broad consensus that the job claims of male providers superseded women's, organized feminism essentially disappeared. b. The sense of failure men experienced in the workplace prompted many of them to turn to women and feminists for leadership. c. Since women in domestic service were less often fired than blue-collar male workers, feminists earned much public sympathy. d. Eleanor Roosevelt's leadership helped bring about a revival of organized feminism. e. The women-friendly policies of the WPA, CCC, and CWA gave women's claim for equal pay a boost.

a. Given the broad consensus that the job claims of male providers superseded women's organized feminism essentially disappeared.

Why did Harry Truman's loyalty review target homosexuals working for the government? a. Homosexuals were considered susceptible to blackmail and thought to be lacking the manly qualities necessary to fight communism. b. Truman was alleged to be gay himself and sought to deflect any suspicions. c. The president was an outspoken homophobe. d. Homosexuals were legally prohibited from working for the government. e. Joseph McCarthy's announcement that there were over fifty homosexuals in the State Department had forced Truman's hand.

a. Homosexuals were considered susceptible to blackmail and thought to be lacking the manly qualities necessary to fight communism

Which statement about the Indian New Deal is FALSE? a. It continued the policy of the Dawes Act. b. It allowed Indians cultural autonomy. c. It failed to allow reservations access to irrigated water from the Grand Coulee Dam. d. It ended the policy of forced assimilation. e. It replaced boarding schools with schools on reservations.

a. It continued the policy of the Dawes Act

Why did the United States drop an atomic bomb on Hiroshima? a. Since the United States had spent years and millions of dollars developing the weapon, it was going to use it in the war. b. Hiroshima was a central site of weapons production in the Japanese empire. c. With the Soviet Union out of the war, the United States was to face the defeat of Japan on its own. d. There was no indication that Japan was at all willing to surrender. e. The invasion of Japan was certain to cost as many as 250,000 American lives.

a. Since the United States had spent years and millions of dollars developing the weapon, it was going to use it in the war.

How did World War II change the role of corporations in American life? a. Technological innovation and high productivity in the war effort restored the reputation of corporations from its Depression lows. b. Thin profits during the war years forced U.S. corporations to dramatically innovate for increased efficiency. c. U.S. corporations became friendly and close collaborators with the federal government. d. The heavy reliance of the Roosevelt administration on corporate leaders for its wartime agencies left U.S. corporations with the stain of government bureaucracy. e. With the loss of its overseas affiliates in Asia and Europe, U.S. corporations once again became predominantly American.

a. Technological innovation and high productivity in the war effort restored the reputation of corporations from its Depression lows.

Which of the following Second New Deal measures came closest to meeting the demands of the Congress of Industrial Organizations for workplace democracy? a. The Wagner Act. b. The Security and Exchange Commission. c. Social Security. d. The Works Progress Administration. e. Federal Housing Administration.

a. The Wagner Act

How did the struggle against Nazi tyranny discredit racial inequality in the United States? a. The contradictions between the principle and practice of freedom in the actual status of African-Americans came to the forefront during the war. b. Germany's Nazi leaders, it turned out, had entertained a romanticized fascination with the Confederacy. c. African-Americans had borne the brunt of the fight against German troops and demonstrated that they were the "master race." d. The exceptional cruelty American soldiers exercised against Germans had sobered Americans on the idea that they were a "master race." e. American soldiers had universally demonstrated restraint and civility in their combat operations against their enemies, especially in the Pacific.

a. The contradictions between the principle and practice of freedom in the actual status of African-Americans came to the forefront during the war.

How had the political climate changed in the South during World War II in the early Cold War years? a. The number of African-Americans in the region that were registered to vote increased sevenfold. b. In light of the fight against an enemy with a racial ideology, the states of the upper South abolished segregation and Jim Crow rule. c. The high concentration of prisoner-of-war camps in the region had made these southerners savvy in foreign affairs. d. The region's central role in the development of the atom bomb made it the capital of militant Cold War politics. e. The mass exodus of African-Americans for the West Coast and Northeast left the region almost exclusively white.

a. The number of African-Americans in the region that were registered to vote increased sevenfold

What taste of freedom did women enjoy in World War II a. The perks of doing men's jobs. b. The thrills and excitement of military service. c. The blessing of long-term job security. d. A life beyond the control of men. e. New job benefits, such as paid vacation and retirement packages.

a. The perks of doing men's jobs

What reason did the Hollywood Ten give for not cooperating with the HUAC hearings? a. They felt the hearings were a violation of the First Amendment. b. Ronald Reagan had threatened that they would lose their jobs if they cooperated. c. They were all busy making movies and did not have time to attend the hearings. d. They were all communists and did want to indict themselves. e. As Republicans, they were insulted that their loyalty was being questioned.

a. They felt the hearings were a violation of the First Amendment

Black internationalism during World War II a. connected the plight of black Americans to that of people of color worldwide. b. was rejected by W. E. B. Du Bois. c. supported colonial rule if it followed the principles of the New Deal. d. was a complete rejection of Marcus Garvey's political ideals. e. was a new movement with no historical antecedents.

a. connected the plight of black Americans to that of people of color worldwide.

The Second New Deal a. focused on economic security. b. focused on economic relief. c. focused on business recovery. d. included no new taxes. e. focused on civil liberties.

a. economic security

The Fair Labor Standards Act instituted all of the following changes EXCEPT it: a. established the fifty-hour workweek. b. required overtime pay. c. set the minimum wage. d. banned goods produced by child labor from interstate commerce. e. regulated working conditions

a. established the fifty-hour workweek

By 1935, the New Deal: a. faced mounting pressures and criticism. b. was declared unconstitutional. c. had the full support of the Supreme Court. d. was validated in the United States v. Butler decision. e. had ended the Depression.

a. faced mounting pressures and criticism

During the Cold War, Americans a. formed anticommunist groups who pressured public libraries to remove "un-American" books from their shelves. b. were united in their outrage over the jailing of Communist Party leaders. c. fired teachers who refused to sign loyalty oaths. d. remained generally unconcerned over the prospect of communists living in America. e. A and C

a. formed anticommunist groups who pressured public libraries to remove "un-American" books from their shelves.

Religion on the radio in the 1930s a. helped pave the way for the use of broadcast media to disseminate religious messages in the twentieth century. b. was characterized by Father Charles E. Coughlin, whose show criticizing government economic intervention amounted to a "holy crusade" in support of big business and Wall Street bankers. c. was briefly popular before dying out before the start of WWII. d. replaced traveling evangelist preachers. e. had little influence on American public views about politics.

a. helped pave the way for the use of broadcast media to disseminate religious messages in the twentieth century

The Social Security Act of 1935 a. included pensions and unemployment relief. b. was adopted from the British welfare system. c. was originally vetoed by President Roosevelt. d. covered all workers in industry and agriculture. e. provided federal funding for the poor and needy.

a. included pensions and unemployment relief

In contrast to the American Federation of Labor, the Congress of Industrial Organizations fought for: a. industrial democracy. b. better wages. c. shorter hours. d. equal pay for equal work. e. freedom of speech.

a. industrial democracy

The Share Our Wealth movement was a. led by Louisiana senator Huey Long and gained a national following. b. introduced by Franklin Roosevelt as part of the New Deal. c. led by Dr. Francis Townsend and directed at Americans over the age of sixty. d. led by Henry Ford and directed at auto manufacturers. e. led by Father Charles E. Coughlin and directed at Catholics.

a. led by Louisiana senator Huey Long and gained a national following

Operation Dixie was a. the postwar union campaign in the South. b. an effort to increase black suffrage. c. the mass return of African-Americans to the South after World War II. d. a postwar strike wave. e. the congressional effort to outlaw lynching.

a. the postwar union campaign in the South

The Popular Front a. was a political and cultural movement associated with the Communist Party. b. was the Democratic Party's campaign slogan in the 1930s. c. was a conservative challenge to New Deal liberalism. d. arose in response to the rise of fascism in America. e. was created when the Communist Party was absorbed by the Democrats.

a. was a political and cultural movement associated with the Communist Party.

Joseph McCarthy a. was an embarrassment to his party by 1954. b. was hailed as an American hero for his fight against communism. c. had the full support of the Senate during his anticommunist crusade. d. successfully uncovered the communist infiltration of the federal government. e. successfully uncovered the communist infiltration of the U.S. army.

a. was an embarrassment to his party by 1954

Why did the United States back away from pressuring its European allies to grant self-government to colonies in Asia and Africa? a. Southern Democrats in Congress did not want to inspire civil rights campaigns at home by supporting national independence in Asia or Africa. b. American diplomats valued nations like France more highly for their alliance in the European Cold War. c. The United States depended on European nations to wage war against communists in the developing world. d. American strategists reasoned that national independence in Asia and Africa was likely to benefit the Soviet Union more than the United States. e. Since the United States was expanding its own empire, it was losing the moral high ground against European colonial powers.

b. American diplomats valued nations like France more highly for their alliance in the European Cold War.

Which of the following does NOT accurately describe a result of "the southern veto" a. Southerners held key leadership positions in Congress. b. Blacks lost the right to vote across the South. c. Southern states had an enormous impact on national policy during the Depression. d. To maintain support in Congress, Roosevelt pursued legislation acceptable to southern Democrats. e. New Deal programs largely benefited whites at the expense of blacks.

b. Blacks lost the right to vote across the South

Which statement about Korean conflict is FALSE? a. The United Nations authorized the use of forces to repel the North Koreans. b. Chinese troops threatened to enter the conflict, but never did. c. The war ended in a cease-fire, not with a formal peace treaty. d. General MacArthur argued for an invasion of China and for the use of nuclear weapons. e. Truman removed General MacArthur from his command when he publicly criticized Truman.

b. Chinese troops threatened to enter the conflict but never did

How did wartime experiences change Mexican-American life in California? a. Service in segregated army units motivated Mexican-American activists to join ranks with African-American civil rights groups. b. Employment opportunities in the defense sector prompted Mexican-Americans to find work outside of their neighborhoods. c. Tremendous wage increases prompted young Mexican workers to spend carelessly on frivolous outfits. d. Employment opportunities in the defense sector attracted Mexican farmworkers to the cities, where they built exclusive barrio neighborhoods. e. The war increased the need for farmworkers, prompting Mexican-Americans to leave urban neighborhoods for rural regions instead.

b. Employment opportunities in the defense sector prompted Mexican-Americans to find work outside of their neighborhoods

Who did publisher Henry Luce credit with the provision of "the abundant life" in his blueprint for postwar prosperity, The American Century? a. The Department of Defense. b. Free enterprise. c. The New Deal state. d. Labor unions. e. Returning veterans.

b. Free enterprise

How did President Franklin D. Roosevelt describe the notion of a "liberty of contract"? a. He described it as the "foundation of social justice." b. He denounced it as a service to the interest of "the privileged few." c. He dismissed it as an un-American idea "from the welfare states of Europe." d. He compared it to the civil right to marry whom you love. e. He rejected it as a violation of his own socialist principles.

b. He denounced it as a service to the interest of "the privileged few."

Why did Roosevelt's Republican challenger Alfred Landon fail in his bid for the presidency in 1936? a. He had made the mistake of relying on the organizational skills of the conservative AFL. b. He faced a powerful new political coalition that would deliver Republicans plenty of defeats for the next few decades. c. As a Kansas native, he stood little chance of winning the hearts and minds of Americans in the coastal population centers. d. His traditional urban Catholic constituency considered him too radical. e. The Republican establishment thought him too much like Roosevelt for their taste.

b. He faced a powerful new political coalition that would deliver Republicans plenty of defeats for the next few decades.

Why did FDR try to change the balance of power on the Supreme Court? a. He needed the Court's support for upcoming war measures against Germany. b. He feared the Supreme Court might invalidate the Wagner and Social Security acts. c. He feared that the Supreme Court might deem sit-down strikes unconstitutional. d. He was worried about being able to run for a third term as president. e. He feared that the Supreme Court might invalidate the National Recovery Act or the Agricultural Adjustment Act.

b. He feared the Supreme Court might invalidate the Wagner and Social Security acts.

On what grounds did the Austrian-born economist Friedrich A. Hayek reject the New Deal state? a. The American consumer economy, he thought, lacked the complexity that required economic planning. b. He was convinced that even the best intentioned government planning efforts would threaten individual liberties. c. In all its details, he thought it indistinguishable from National Socialism. d. He reasoned that economic planning during the war had almost cost the United States its victory. e. He worried that the New Deal would eventually assist African-Americans in achieving equality

b. He was convinced that even the best intentioned government planning efforts would threaten individual liberties

How did "Patriotic Assimilation" differ from "Americanization" a. Patriotic assimilation advocated the forced integration of racial and ethnic groups into American society, whereas Americanization promoted tolerance. b. Patriotic assimilation described the American way of life, where people of different backgrounds could live together in freedom and unite as a people. c. Both terms essentially described the same wartime cultural practice, but referred to different periods of American history: World War I and World War II. d. Americanization described plurality with a rigid hierarchy. e. Patriotic assimilation was in reference to ethnic minorities who served in the military and experienced integration and greater equality while fighting overseas.

b. Patriotic assimilation described the American way of life, where people of different background could live together in freedom and unite as people.

Which phrase best describes Eleanor Roosevelt's tenure as First Lady? a. Worked hard for her husband, as he was confined to the wheelchair, but did not take up any causes of her own. b. Redefined the role of First Lady, championing women's rights, civil rights, and human rights. c. Very traditional. d. Championed the cause of children's health care, but stuck only to that issue. e. Modest goals, spoke softly about one or two appropriately feminine issues.

b. Redefined the role of First Lady, championing women's rights, civil rights, and human rights.

What did Eleanor Roosevelt do of particular significance several years after the war ended? a. She was the first U.S. official to visit Japan after the end of WWII. b. She chaired the committee that drafted the United Nation's "Universal Declaration of Human Rights." c. She acted as the U.S. representative in attendance at the Nuremburg Trials. d. She became an outspoken critic of communist independence movements around the world. e. She traveled to China in an attempt to broker an end to the bitter civil war.

b. She chaired the committee that drafted the United Nation's "Universal Declaration of Human Rights."

Which long held U.S. territory independence in 1946 a. Guam. b. The Philippines. c. Wake Island. d. Puerto Rico. e. Samoa.

b. The Philippines

Why did anticommunist Harry Truman veto the McCarran-Walter Act a. Truman did not actually veto the act, preferring to propose an alternative bill. b. Truman had become alarmed at the excesses of the anticommunist crusade. c. The anticommunist measures targeting immigrants did not go far enough for Truman. d. The McCarran-Walter Act closely mirrored the Committee on Immigration's report, Whom Shall We Welcome, an investigative body commissioned by Truman's political enemies. e. The bill did not adequately address how to respond to illegal aliens.

b. Truman had become alarmed at the excesses of the anticommunist crusade.

Organized labor assisted in the war effort by a. joining the army. b. agreeing to a no-strike pledge. c. decreasing union membership. d. accepting wage cuts. e. asking Congress to abolish Social Security.

b. agreeing to a no-strike pledge

The Wagner Act a. created the Works Progress Administration. b. allowed the National Labor Relations Board to supervise union elections. c. made all unions illegal. d. sponsored ballet and modern dance programs. e. affected only government employees.

b. allowed the National Labor Relations Board to supervise union elections

The Manhattan Project a. was kept a secret from the entire executive branch except President Roosevelt and Vice President Truman. b. enabled the development of an atomic weapon based on the theories of German scientists involving energy and matter. c. was operated jointly by the United States and Great Britain. d. produced an atomic bomb that was successfully tested before FDR's death in 1945. e. B and D

b. enabled the development of an atomic weapon based on the theories of German scientists involving energy and matter

"Militant Liberty" was the code name for a national security agency that: a. patrolled the border in search of illegal aliens. b. encouraged Hollywood to produce anticommunist movies. c. required labor unions to purge suspected communist leaders. d. forced schools to fire teachers and professors suspected of teaching Marxist ideas. e. encouraged artists to paint work in a Norman Rockwell style.

b. encouraged Hollywood to produce anticommunist movies

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights a. was honored by both the United States and the Soviets. b. included freedom of speech and religion. c. did not address economic rights. d. was immediately ratified by Congress. e. was drafted by President Truman.

b. included freedom of speech and religion

Which statement about the Social Security Act is FALSE? a. It included aid to families with dependent children. b. It was original in its concept and design. c. Its coverage excluded most blacks from the program. d. Congress dropped the provision for national health insurance from the original bill. e. It created a system of unemployment insurance.

b. it was original in its concept and design

The Taft-Hartley Act a. banned right-to-work laws. b. outlawed the closed shop. c. strengthened the rights of organized labor. d. legalized sympathy strikes. e. was supported by President Truman.

b. outlawed the closed shop

Preside Truman's civil rights plan called for all of the following EXCEPT a. a permanent federal civil rights commission. b. reparations. c. equal access to jobs. d. national laws against lynching and the poll tax. e. equal access to education.

b. reparations

The double-V campaign was: a. the Allied war efforts in Europe and Asia. b. the effort to end discrimination against blacks while fighting fascism. c. the effort to end discrimination against Mexican immigrants and blacks. d. women's struggle for acceptance as industrial workers and mothers. e. not supported by the NAACP.

b. the effort to end discrimination against blacks while fighting fascism

The Berlin Blockade was a. a barrier erected by Allied forces in postwar Berlin to shield them from angry protests of starving residents. b. the reaction by the Soviet Union to the establishment of a separate currency in western Berlin's occupied zones. c. a means for the United States to justify its threat to mobilize Allied forces stationed in Turkey. d. erected because the United States threatened to invade the Soviet Union. e. a temporary defensive measure by the United States that was soon taken down.

b. the reaction by the Soviet Union to the establishment of a separate currency in western Berlin's occupied zones.

Upton Sinclair a. was head of the CIO. b. was head of the End Poverty in California movement. c. was elected governor of California in 1934. d. was elected senator from California in 1934. e. worked for the New Deal administration.

b. was head of the End of Poverty in California movement

The Fair Employment Practices Commission a. applied only to Mexican immigrants working in war production. b. was the first federal agency since Reconstruction to advocate equal opportunity for blacks. c. was criticized by the black press. d. fined those employers who discriminated against blacks. e. was administered by A. Philip Randolph.

b. was the first federal agency since Reconstruction to advocated equal opportunity for blacks

Which two New Deal programs did the Supreme Court rule unconstitutional? a. Securities and Exchange Commission and Public Works Administration. b. National Recovery Administration and Civilian Conservation Corps. c. Agricultural Adjustment Act and National Recovery Administration. d. Glass-Steagall Act and Agricultural Adjustment Act. e. Fair Labor Standards Act and National Recovery Administration.

c. Agricultural Adjustment Act and National Recovery Administration

Why did a stigma emerge around public assistance during the New Deal years? a. Only a very few Americans actually needed government assistance during the Great Depression. b. By the middle of the 1930s, more and more Americans came to associate New Deal assistance programs with similar government help offered in Nazi Germany. c. Black workers were relegated to the least generous assistance programs with discriminatory eligibility standards administered by states. d. Despite his successes, Roosevelt remained deeply unpopular with Americans, who hated themselves for depending on his programs. e. New Deal work programs helped restore economic prosperity relatively quickly, leaving only the least qualified long-term unemployed behind.

c. Black workers were relegated to the least generous assistance programs with discriminatory eligibility standards administered by states.

All of the following statement about the Cold War's impact on American life are true EXCEPT a. the Cold War reshaped immigration policy. b. Cold War policy supported scientific research in medicine and computers. c. Cold War military spending weakened the economy. d. the Cold War contributed to the dismantling of segregation. e. the Cold War promoted the rapid expansion of higher education.

c. Cold War military spending weakened the economy

Which of the following does NOT accurately depict one of the uses of anticommunism? a. Businesses resisted government regulatory efforts as "socialism." b. Democrats supported the implementation of tough anticommunist measures as a defense against Republican charges of "disloyalty." c. Conservative Catholic congregations were investigated for enforcing "principles of communist conformity" among parishioners. d. Republicans accused New Deal Democrats of "subversion." e. The McCarran-Walter Act maintained immigration quotas and authorized the deportation of immigrants identified as communists.

c. Conservative Catholic congregations were investigated for enforcing "principles of communist conformity" among parishioners

By 1935, Huey Long and Francis Townsend had made which of the following approaches to economic recovery less promising for New Dealers? a. Social Security reform. b. Agricultural reform. c. Efforts at general business recovery. d. The regulation of the stock market. e. Pushing for the unionization of the nation's labor force.

c. Efforts at general business recovery.

What does Henry Luce see as the cure for America in his book The American Century? a. Deficit spending to end the Depression. b. Entering World War II to aid Great Britain. c. For America to exert its influence on the world. d. Creating a welfare state to fully embrace liberalism. e. Return to a strict policy of isolationism.

c. For America to exert its influence on the world

Why did southern Democrats fear losing their position in the Democratic Party following its national convention of 1948? a. The numbers were ever shrinking in proportion to northern Democrats. b. The success of Republicans in the South was eroding the constituency base for southern Democrats. c. Party liberals under the leadership of Hubert Humphrey had added a strong civil rights plank to the party platform. d. President Truman used the convention to bolster the position of his fellow Democrats from the northeastern establishment. e. The strong migration westward had significantly reduced the southern Democratic constituency.

c. Party liberals under the leadership of Hubert Humphrey had added a strong civil rights plank to the party platform

Which statement about the New Deal is true? a. The New Deal championed civil rights and actively worked at ending Jim Crow. b. The first New Deal dealt mostly with economic security. c. Social Security was a Second New Deal program. d. The Second New Deal dealt mostly with economic recovery. e. The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) helped small tenant farmers like those living in the Dust Bowl.

c. Social Security was a Second New Deal program.

Which prompted as many as 200,000 American citizens to leave the country during the Great Depression? a. They sought exile in the Soviet Union, where they hoped economic planning would bring about prosperity more quickly. b. These Americans often traveled to Latin America, trying to promote the policies of the New Deal. c. Some children had little choice as they went with their Mexican-born parents to Mexico. d. They returned to their home countries in Europe, frustrated with the lack of economic opportunity in the United States. e. They deeply resented the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt.

c. Some children had little choice as they went with their Mexican-born parents to Mexico.

Which of the following statements does NOT explain why the phrase "labor's great upheaval" accurately describes some of the events of 1934? a. Ten thousand auto workers in Toledo, Ohio, battled the police and the National Guard. b. Four hundred thousand textile workers went on strike up and down the country. c. The "Citizen's Alliance" of Minneapolis accused city officials of being in bed with labor, and attempted to remove them from office by force. d. There were at least 2,000 strikes that year, many ending in violent confrontations with police. e. Many walkouts won some of the workers' demands.

c. The "Citizen's Alliance" of Minneapolis accused city officials of being in bed with labor, and attempted to remove them from office by force.

Why did nearly 5 million workers walk off their jobs over the course of 1946? a. American workers had accumulated months of vacation and overtime during the war years. b. The millions of women who had worked in defense industries were refusing to leave their jobs. c. The removal of price controls resulted in a drop in workers' real income. d. The postwar wave of deflation was dramatically reducing the value of worker's wages. e. Returning veterans had been given preferential treatment in hiring and promotion.

c. The removal of price controls resulted in a drop in workers' real income

What factor contributed to the growth of union membership in the 1930s? a. The minimal amount of labor unrest during the 1930s. b. The American Federation of Labor's willingness to organize unions of industrial workers. c. Workers' militancy and the tactical skills of a new generation of leaders. d. The United Auto Workers' opposition to sit-down strikes. e. The government's unsympathetic view of workers' rights.

c. Workers' militancy and the tactical skills of a new generation of leaders.

The McCarran-Walter Act a. removed immigration quotas based on nationality. b. recognized the need for political asylum for refugees from South Africa. c. authorized the deportation of communists, including naturalized citizens. d. was supported by President Truman. e. made immigration law much more flexible for Asians and Latinos.

c. authorized the deportation of communists, including naturalized citizens

In fireside chats and public addresses, President Roosevelt connected freedom with a. laissez-faire economics. b. cuts in government spending. c. economic security. d. economic inequality. e. Keynesian economic theory.

c. economic security

The impact of the Cold War on American culture was a. limited in scope. b. widely criticized by the news media. c. especially evident in the movies. d. discouraged in the public schools. e. felt mostly in the cities.

c. especially evident in the movies

To wage the cultural Cold War, the Central Intelligence Agency and the Defense Department a. sought to censor the work of painter Jackson Pollock. b. promoted the work of artist Norman Rockwell. c. funded artistic publications, concerts, performances, and exhibits. d. imposed artistic conformity. e. censored the work of modern artists.

c. funded artistic publications, concerts, performances, and exhibits

Women working in defense industries during the war a. had little impact on the war effort. b. were all young, single women who left their jobs once they got married. c. made up one-third of the West Coast workers in aircraft manufacturing and shipbuilding. d. were viewed as permanent workers after the war, so long as they did a good job. e. were small in number, as most women took clerical work or joined the military service as nurses.

c. made up one-third of the West Coast workers in aircraft manufacturing and shipbuilding

"Rosie the Riveter" a. refers to a type of industrial machinery. b. described only single women workers. c. refers to Norman Rockwell's image of a female industrial laborer. d. was a term applied only to black women workers. e. refers to a movie star during World War II.

c. refers to Norman Rockwell's image of a female industrial laborer

The National Resources Planning Board a. urged less government spending in general. b. had the full support of Congress. c. urged the expansion of the welfare state. d. urged the discontinuation of Keynesian spending in peacetime. e. urged the curtailment of Social Security.

c. urged the expansion of welfare state

Operation Wetback a. deported very few illegal aliens. b. was opposed by President Truman. c. was a military operation that rounded up illegal aliens found in Mexican-American neighborhoods for deportation. d. was how leftist news organizations described the McCarran-Walter Act. e. was the code name for a CIA operation conducted on the border between Texas and Mexico.

c. was a military operation that rounded up illegal aliens found in Mexican-American neighborhoods for deportation

New Deal housing policy: a. addressed only the needs of home owners, not those of renters. b. was limited in scope because of a lack of funding. c. was a remarkable departure from the housing policies of previous administrations. d. created a program of free housing for all. e. was similar to the housing policy established during Hoover's presidency.

c. was a remarkable departure from the housing policies of previous administrations

The 1948 presidential race a. was a three-way race. b. had Strom Thurmond as a close second to Harry Truman. c. was the last to occur before television forever changed campaigning. d. highlighted gender as a campaign issue for the Republican Party. e. ended the movement of southern Democrats into the Republican Party.

c. was the last to occur before television forever changed campaigning

During World War II, African-Americans a. witnessed the end of Jim Crow laws. b. received equal access to the GI Bill of Rights benefits. c. witnessed the birth of the modern civil rights movement. d. served in integrated units in the armed forces. e. experienced full equality before the law.

c. witnessed the birth of the modern civil rights movement

Which statement best describes what NSC-68 called for? a. Limited strategic goals, confronting the Soviets only at key industrial areas. b. A sole reliance on nuclear weapons in order to spare conventional forces. c. Limited strategic goals, confronting the Chinese only at key industrial areas. d. A permanent military buildup and a global application of containment. e. Patience on the part of the United States in dealing with the Soviet Union.

d. A permanent military build up and a global application of containment

The 1943 Texas Caucasian Race-Equal Privileges resolution a. specified that Japanese-Americans interned in that state were not allowed to use the same public accommodations as whites. b. granted equal privileges to all Texans, regardless of race. c. stated that German POWs being held in the state could be allowed to enjoy the same public accommodations as whites. d. allowed Mexicans equal treatment in public accommodations, while still segregating blacks. e. segregated blacks and Mexicans from all public accommodations.

d. Allowed Mexicans equal treatment in public accommodations while still segregating blacks

According to Gunnar Myrdal, America's dilemma was a conflict between: a. American liberalism and American conservatism. b. American business ethos and American labor unions. c. America's rhetoric at home and its foreign policy abroad. d. American values and American racial policies. e. America's isolationism and Germany's aggression.

d. American values and American racial policies

How did the government try to prevent the rise of women in the workforce during the Depression? a. State and local governments prohibited the hiring of women whose husbands earned a "living wage." b. New Deal programs such as Social Security established quotas for the distribution of benefits to working women. c. Legislation banned both members of a married couple from holding federal jobs. d. B and C e. A and C

d. B and C

What did Roosevelt mean by the phrase "Freedom from Want"? a. It referred to his support of the Lend-Lease Act, which would equip Great Britain with war materiél. b. Initially, it was a call to eliminate barriers to international trade. c. It suggested the Great Depression would not continue after the war. d. B and C e. A and B

d. B and C

Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Huey Long met his death in 1935 from an assassin's bullet. b. The popular followings of Upton Sinclair, Huey Long, and Dr. Francis Townsend reflected the unhappiness of many Americans over the slowness of economic recovery. c. Huey Long and Upton Sinclair generated movements of popular protest that helped spark the Second New Deal. d. Dr. Francis Townsend's idea to have the elderly receive monthly government payments was uniformly rejected and died very quickly. e. Upton Sinclair won the Democratic nomination for governor in 1934.

d. Dr. Francis Townsend's idea to have the elderly receive monthly government payments was uniformly rejected and died very quickly

Which of the following is NOT true of the Works Progress Administration? a. It put 3 million Americans to work every year until 1943. b. It employed people to write state guidebooks and record stories of former slaves. c. It brought live theater and musicals to many Americans for the first time. d. It refused employment to professionals such as dentists. e. Its construction projects included airports, swimming pools, and stadiums.

d. It refused employment to professionals such as dentists

Under the bracero program: a. Indians were encouraged to leave their reservations. b. marriages between Mexicans and Americans were banned. c. Mexican immigrants were denied entry to the United States. d. Mexicans were encouraged to immigrate, but they were denied the right of citizenship. e. Mexican immigrants were eligible for citizenship.

d. Mexicans were encouraged to immigrate, but they were denied the right of citizenship

Which statement about the Japanese-American internment is FALSE? a. Japan used it as proof that America was racist toward non-white people. b. The Supreme Court refused to intervene. c. Japanese-Americans in Hawaii were exempt from the policy. d. Once their loyalty was proven, they were free to leave. e. The press supported the policy of internment almost unanimously.

d. Once their loyalty was proven, they were free to leave

Why did Executive Order 9066 NOT apply to persons of Japanese descent living in Hawaii? a. The number of Japanese-Americans in Hawaii was so insignificant that the order seemed irrelevant. b. Most persons of Japanese descent in Hawaii actually served in military units. c. At the time, the federal government did not yet have such jurisdiction over its territorial possessions. d. Since nearly 40 percent of the population was of Japanese descent, the evacuation order would have been impractical. e. In the wake of the U.S. navy's defeat at Pearl Harbor, it was the Japanese that governed Hawaii.

d. Since nearly 40 percent of the population was of Japanese descent, the evacuation order would have been impractical.

Who were the "Dixiecrats"? a. Members of the Commission on Civil Rights. b. Members of the national press corps who covered the story of Strom Thurmond's breakaway from the Democratic Party. c. Southern labor organizers who campaigned against passage of the Taft-Hartley Act. d. Southern Democrats who walked out of the 1948 convention to form the "States' Rights Democratic Party." e. Republicans who favored maintaining segregation in the South in support of the principle of states' rights.

d. Southern Democrats who walked out of the 1948 convention to form the "States' Rights Democratic Party."

How did the federal government institutionalize racism during the New Deal? a. Franklin D. Roosevelt introduced segregation to Washington, D.C., and eliminated blacks from all positions of responsibility in the federal government. b. The Security and Exchange Commission was staffed entirely by Anglo-Americans. c. The Wagner Act excluded African-Americans. d. The Federal Housing Administration refused to ensure mortgages in integrated neighborhoods. e. The abolition of the gold standard penalized more traditional family savings in bullion.

d. The Federal Housing Administration refused to ensure mortgages in integrated neighborhoods.

After the court packing attempt, how did the change in the jurisprudence of the United States Supreme Court affect American life? a. The newfound resolve of the U.S. Supreme Court meant a restoration of the National Recovery Act. b. A chastised Supreme Court began to focus on securing constitutional protections for a burgeoning civil rights movement. c. The new lineup in the United States meant that Roosevelt had to abandon plans for universal health care. d. The new political climate in the U.S. Supreme Court meant that a federal child labor ban could stand constitutional muster. e. Changing sentiments in the U.S. Supreme Court led to the erosion of the Wagner Act.

d. The new political climate in the U.S. Supreme Court meant that a federal child labor ban could stand constitutional muster.

Why did workers during the 1930s makes demands that went beyond better wages? a. They were hoping that the economic crisis could be the beginning of a socialist revolution. b. They generally preferred government employment over jobs with private businesses. c. They wanted to participate in management decisions. d. They were hoping to establish a set of basic civil liberties for workers. e. Their wages were already so high that they had to find a new agenda for which to fight.

d. They were hoping to establish a set of basic civil liberties for workers.

For most women workers, World War II a. permanently changed the way unions viewed them. b. permanently changed the way employers viewed them. c. had little impact. d. allowed them to make temporary gains. e. did not increase employment rates, especially for married women.

d. allowed them to make temporary gains

During the war, Americans a. found fewer consumer goods available by 1944. b. experienced extreme deprivation. c. still suffered from high unemployment. d. experienced the rationing of scarce consumer goods such as gasoline. e. were told that the end of war might bring a return of the Great Depression.

d. experienced the rationing of scarce consumer goods such as gasoline

The "zoot suit" riots of 1943 a. involved Mexican immigrants fighting with blacks in Los Angeles. b. involved autoworkers in Detroit. c. were a series of fashion shows in Hollywood. d. highlighted the limits of racial tolerance during World War II. e. highlighted the growing acceptance of Mexicans in southern California.

d. highlighted the limits of racial tolerance during World War II

The status of blacks during World War II a. strengthened somewhat after the Red Cross reversed its long-standing policy against mixing blood from whites and blacks in its blood banks. b. changed dramatically, particularly in the South, after a federal antilynching law was finally passed. c. was not affected by Roosevelt's denunciation of any race of people claiming the right to be "master" over another. d. in northeastern cities was not always improved, despite the promise of better economic opportunity through wartime jobs. e. C and D

d. in northeastern cities was not always improved despite the promise of better economic opportunity through wartime jobs

The GI Bill of Rights a. was very limited in scope. b. did not include health insurance. c. was unavailable for African-American veterans. d. included scholarships for education for veterans. e. extended benefits to very few veterans.

d. included scholarships for education for veterans.

1949, Mao Zedong a. represented the Chinese at the United Nations. b. was an ally of the United States. c. led a successful communist revolution in Taiwan. d. led a successful communist revolution in China. e. cooperated with the Chinese nationalists.

d. led a successful communist revolution in China

During World War II, Native Americans a. collaborated with the Japanese. b. were eligible for GI Bill benefits only if living on reservations. c. prospered, especially those on reservations. d. served in the military and worked in war production. e. became more isolated within American society.

d. served in the military and worked in war production

How did white supremacists take advantage of anticommunist rhetoric? a. They stressed the fact that African-Americans were twenty times more likely to be communist than whites. b. They pointed out that the United States' only reliable ally against the Soviet Union was the apartheid regime of South Africa. c. They pointed to the interracial society of the Soviet Union as a warning sign. d. They charged African-American civil rights leaders with a communist agenda. e. They proposed deputizing the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) as an anticommunist paramilitary unit.

d. they charged African-American civil rights leaders with a communist agenda.

In Korematsu v. United States, the Supreme Court a. barred Japanese-Americans from serving in the U.S. military. b. deemed loyalty oaths constitutional. c. apologized for Japanese internment. d. deemed Japanese internment unconstitutional. e. upheld the legality of Japanese internment.

d. upheld the legality of Japanese interment

The Office of War Information a. cast the war's sole goal as retaliation against the Japanese. b. attempted to stir up nationalist hysteria. c. was a New Deal program. d. used radio, film, and press to give the war an ideological meaning. e. imprisoned isolationists.

d. used radio, film, and press to give the war an ideological meaning

According to some critics, how did the casting of the Cold War as a worldwide struggle between freedom and slavery have unfortunate consequences? a. It made it difficult to discern legitimate postwar struggles for economic and political freedom from those simply motivated by American interests. b. It suggested that the United States would align itself against postwar colonial independence movements in the name of anticommunism. c. It prevented any long-term establishment of a diplomatic presence in Moscow. d. It unfortunately positioned the United States as the leader in military aggression, rather than a beacon of peace. e. A and B

e. A and B

The Road to Serfdom a. advocated for laissez-faire economics. b. offered an intellectual basis for the critique of active government. c. was written by an Austrian-born economist who embraced the label of "conservative" all of his life. d. B and C e. A and B

e. A and B

Which of the following statements best describes the CIO's philosophy about the role of government in relation to labor? a. Government could help shield Americans from economic and social insecurity through universal health care and public housing. b. Unions could work in cooperation with government to raise wages and create consumer demand. c. It continued the AFL's tradition of organizing workers by craft to carry out multiple dialogues with the government. d. Government could not be trusted, as was made clear in 1934 when elected officials across America called on local police to break up strikes and arrest labor leaders. e. A and B

e. A and B

What did the election of Roosevelt mean to many American industrial workers? a. A federal government more sympathetic to the plight of oppressed workers. b. Fear that Roosevelt would advocate for welfare capitalism rather than collective bargaining. c. Hope for an end to the miniature dictatorships of factory managers and owners. d. Less support for industrial strikes that might cripple America's economic recovery. e. A and C

e. A and C

In the aftermath of World War II a. very few women lost their wartime jobs to returning veterans. b. the majority of returning GIs went back to work. c. the United States experienced difficulty demobilizing, prompting Congress to keep in place most wartime economic measures. d. Americans paid more for consumer goods. e. B and D

e. B and D

All of the following statements are true of the Fair Deal EXCEPT a. the Fair Deal included a provision to expand Social Security coverage. b. the Fair Deal included a provision to increase the minimum wage. c. the Fair Deal included a provision to create a national health insurance program. d. the Fair Deal included a provision to expand public housing. e. Congress passed Truman's Fair Deal to raise the standard of living for Americans.

e. Congress passed Truman's Fair Deal to raise the standard of living for Americans

Which of the following statement is NOT true of the Asian-American experience during World War II? a. Chinese-Americans worked alongside whites in jobs on the home front. b. A view of the Chinese emerged as gallant fighters against the aggressive Japanese. c. Japanese-Americans were viewed with suspicion as potential spies. d. Complete prohibition of Chinese immigration to the United States ended. e. Executive Order 9066 fully integrated Asian-Americans into U.S. army units serving overseas.

e. Executive Order 9066 fully integrated Asian-Americans into U.S. army units serving overseas.

How did the Soviet focus on social and economic rights in the Cold War human rights debate affect American attitudes? a. It gave Americans comfort to know that their own emphasis on social and economic rights placed them far ahead of the Soviet Union. b. It secured voting rights for women along with a quota system for political leadership positions. c. It inspired American politicians to invoke the example of the Soviet Union in order to push for bolder reincarnations of the New Deal. d. It caused millions of Americans to be jealous and get curious about the Soviet Union. e. In the climate of anticommunist hysteria, it prompted many Americans to condemn these rights as a first step to socialism.

e. In the climate of anticommunist hysteria, it prompted many Americans to condemn these rights as a first step to socialism

Which of the following offers the best description of the "First New Deal"? a. It saw more failure than success, in terms of job creation and infrastructure improvement. b. It faced very little challenge from critics across a broad spectrum of American society. c. It had little effect on the role of the government. d. It reduced the nation's unemployment rate by 80 percent. e. It was essentially a set of policy experiments that had mixed results.

e. It was essentially a set of policy experiments that had mixed results

How did World War I affect the West Coast of the United States? a. The military temporarily relocated its headquarters to Portland to plan for a Japanese invasion. b. The West Coast cities of Portland and Seattle received a relatively small amount of federal money for their shipyards. c. The populations of both San Francisco and Los Angeles declined as the prospect of a Japanese invasion led many people to migrate inland. d. Unlike other regions profiting from military-industrial production, growth rates in the West remained essentially flat. e. Millions of Americans moved to California for jobs and military service.

e. Millions of Americans moved to California for jobs and military service.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Many black soldiers were assigned to noncombatant tasks, such as construction and transport. b. When World War II began, the air force and marines had no black members. c. Officially, the GI Bill offered the same benefits to returning black soldiers as it did to whites. d. Black soldiers sometimes had to give up their railroad cars seats to accommodate Nazi prisoners of war. e. Over 1 million blacks served in the armed forces during World War II, many in the first desegregated units in modern military history.

e. Over 1 million black served in the armed forces during World War II many in the first desegregated units in modern military history

The charges against which of the following organizations led to the downfall of Joseph McCarthy in 1954? a. The Communist Party. b. The Defense Department. c. The Voice of America. d. The State Department. e. The army.

e. The army

Why did France and other Europeans understand NATO as a form of double containment? a. NATO would contain communism but also contain the costs of defense for European nations. b. NATO would prevent the expansion of the British empire as well as of American imperialism. c. The organization would keep both the United States and the Soviet Union in check. d. NATO would counterbalance Soviet influence and that of the United Nations. e. The pact would guard them against Soviet aggression as well as against the resurgence of a powerful Germany.

e. The pact would guard them against Soviet aggression as well as against the resurgence of a powerful Germnay

Why did the United States allow West Germany to become part of a defensive alliance less then ten years after the defeat of Nazi Germany? a. East Germany had positioned nuclear missiles along the border to the west. b. The United States made this concession in order to win access to lucrative German consumer markets. c. The United States depended heavily on the expertise of German rocket scientists. d. The United States had thoroughly "de-nazified" the country. e. The successful Soviet detonation of a nuclear bomb underlined the importance of a militarily united West.

e. The successful Soviet detonation of nuclear bomb underlined the importance of a militarily united West

Which statement is true about the UAW sit-down strikes in Flint, Michigan? a. The workers were disunited. b. The Democratic governor used force against the workers. c. The UAW were the first to use sit-down tactics. d. The workers failed to get General Motors to negotiate. e. The workers stayed inside the plants and kept the machines in working order.

e. The workers stayed inside the plants and kept the machines in working order.

What did Henry Luce and Henry Wallace have in common? a. They were both liberals in their political beliefs and strongly supported the New Deal, which they believed should be spread to the rest of the world. b. They were both working for the Office of War Information in promoting, through books, the positions held by the group America First. c. They both believed that the best course of action for the United States after the war was fiscal conservative policies, including high tariffs and domestic taxes. d. They both believed that the United States should assume an isolationist policy, leading by example, not by action. e. They both put forth a new conception of America's role in the world based in part on internationalism and on the idea that the American experience should serve as a model for all other nations.

e. They both put forth a new conception of America's role in the world based in part on internationalism and on the idea that the American experience should serve as a model for all other nations.

Why did so many American workers walk out of their jobs between 1943 and 1944? a. They sought to express moral objections to the mass manufacturing of guns and ordinance. b. They were protesting discriminatory hiring practices of FEPC. c. They were protesting equal pay for women and men, blacks and whites. d. They were protesting the fact that the United States failed to make the destruction of German death camps a priority in its war efforts. e. They charged their employers with the unseemly expansion of corporate profits.

e. They charged their employers with the unseemly expansion of corporate profits

In 1948, the Progressive Party: a. did not allow socialists or communists to join. b. agreed with Truman's Cold War policies. c. supported Truman's civil rights proposals. d. supported segregation. e. advocated expanded social welfare programs.

e. advocated expanded social welfare programs

When Mary McLeod Bethune remarked that the New Deal offered African-Americans a new day she: a. was referring to the growing support for black rights in the South. b. was referring to expanded coverage for blacks under Social Security. c. was referring to the successful passage of a federal antilynching law. d. expressed her approval of New Deal policies regarding blacks. e. expressed the hope for change despite continued discrimination in federal housing and employment.

e. expressed the hope for change despite continued discrimination in federal housing and employment.

The principle of human rights- the idea of basic rights belonging to all persons because they are human- was introduced into international relations a. after the Holocaust. b. when NATO was established. c. after the dropping of the atomic bomb. d. when the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted. e. in the revolutionary period of the late eighteenth century.

e. in the revolutionary period of the late eighteenth century.

In the presidential election of 1936 a. the Republican candidate Alfred Landon promised to expand Social Security. b. business leaders supported the Democratic Party. c. the Republican candidate Alfred Landon almost won. d. Roosevelt chose not to run again. e. the so-called New Deal coalition reelected FDR in a landslide.

e. the so-called New Deal coalition reelected FDR in a landslide

FDR's Economic Bill of Rights a. included some provisions for veteran support, but did not have the funding to become law. b. A and C c. was modified to appease conservatives and pushed through Congress by Harry Truman. d. was a large part of FDR's 1944 presidential campaign. e. would have empowered the federal government to secure education, housing, medical care, and full employment for all Americans.

e. would have empowered the federal government to secure education, housing, medical care, and full employment for all American.