AN S 101 Exam 1

The body of the corn plant (the dried brown stalk portion of the corn plant along with the husks from the ears) which left over in the fields after corn is harvested in the fall is sometimes called "crop aftermath". It may be formed into bales after corn harvest. What is this feed called?

corn stover

T or F? Domestication started when fire was controlled, leading to healthier human lives.

False

T or F? In AnS 101, agriculture is defined as the conscious production food from animals for humans.

False

True or false: Animal welfare is really the same concept as anthropomorphism as we discussed in class.

False

True or false: By our definition, a species of animal can be considered domesticated because the species has been tamed and it's basic care is provided by caring humans.

False

The discipline of behavior, in our case animal behavior, is called what (one word answer)?

ethology

The Inuit really demonstrate the symbiotic relationship between dog and human. This means that sled dogs were bred to be very effective as contributors of transportation and labor.

false

True or false: Anthropomorphism refers to the care that we provide to our domestic animal species.

false

True or false: The mutually dependent relationship we have with domesticated animals is called a Neolithic relationship.

false

True or false: We provide a great deal of care to the animals at the Des Moines zoo. Their health and well being is of paramount concern. This defines the nature of our symbiotic relationship with domestic animals.

False

Chopped, wet forages (like corn plants or alfalfa) are preserved by a processing method were oxygen is excluded from the feed and microbial fermentation occurs. What is the processing method called?

ensiled

heat detection

practice of determining when an animal is in estrus

There is a class of diseases caused by abnormal proteins that infect and destroy the central nervous system over time. They are infectious and always lethal. In sheep, we call this disease "scrapie". In cattle, it is called BSE or sometimes "Mad Cow"). In humans, it is called "Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease". What is the causative agent of these diseases? Your response must be one word, not capitalized and spelled correctly to count. The causative agent (aka the abnormal protein referenced above) of these diseases is called a what?

prion

Nervous system infections called "encephalopathies" (like scrapie and mad cow disease) are caused by which category of infectious agent?

prions

There are three links in the representation of "the chain of infectious disease transmission". What are those links called? Choose from the list provided all which are correct.

reservoir, susceptible animal, venue of transmission

vital signs are...

respiration rate, heart rate, body temperature

There are 7 "groups" of dogs recognized by the AKC (American Kennel Club). See their website for more details as well. Which of those groups is defined in the following way? "Active. Alert. Remarkable instincts in water and woods, Actively participate in hunting and other field activities. Require regular vigorous exercise."

sporting

brooding

the avian behavior of setting a clutch of eggs and caring for the chicks immediately following hatching

parturition

the process of delivering an offspring

Of the disciplines of search/rescue dogs discussed by our guest speaker, which one works 'heads up', following a fresh scent and requires a scent article because it relies on scent discrimination?

trailing

A conditioned response is defined by which of the following terms (choose single best response).

trained

It is clear that the domestic dogs of today show a great deal of variation in their ability to vocalize, and that sounds made from those vocalizations (aka. . . .barking, etc.). Is it true that humans created that variation due to selective breeding?

true

To balk means to stop and resist moving forward. So therefore, True or False? Shadows, bright lights and dark corners are some distractions that can exist in a working facility that will cause animals to balk.

true

True or false: Based on class discussions, our evolved relationship with animals since ancient times led to more time and health for humans. This allowed some humans to engage in the development of what we might define in modern times as the humanities.

true

True or false: In AnS 101, agriculture is defined as the conscious production of all biological products to meet human needs. Of course, products derived from animals fit within this definition, whether they be for food or for other needs.

true

True or false:One speaker in our presentation indicated that the great diversity of dog breeds was and is currently driven by human's attraction to the unique, such as a unique color, physical shape or hair type.

true

true or false: Based on how we defined trained behaviors in AnS 101, the three step behavior expected of a search dog is a conditioned behavior.

true

true or false: Besides securing the animal by tying the halter to a fence or rail, the best feature of the knot we examined and tied in lab today was that it can be easily released from the fence should the need arise - for example if the animal falls down while tied.

true

true or false: In AnS 101, a leg injury caused by poor training is called a disease even though it is not transmissible.

true

T or F? Human civilization exists because our interactions with animals which afforded us the time to develop the humanities.

True

True or false: Agriculture, as we see it in this class includes the production of all biologically-derived products to meet a human need. Therefore training search and rescue dogs is an agricultural pursuit

True

True or false: Tame animals can be from a domesticated species, but the fact that they are tame does not define the species as domesticated.

True

True or false: The Neolithic Revolution was pivotal in our evolving relationship with animals because humans employed domestication.

True

How did the video studied in class differ in its definition of agriculture from the one we defined for our class?

Video Definition: agriculture is defined as the conscious production food from animals for humans Our Definition: The conscious production of biological products for human needs Basically, video says it is just for food and we say it is for MORE THAN THAT

The video we studied in class defined animal agriculture as the "conscious production of food derived from animals". By our discussion in class, how accurate is this definition? Choose the single best answer.

Video author's definition falls short by not considering that animals produce more than just food to meet human needs. For example, we don't eat dogs typically, but by our definition dogs are agriculture too.

During US colonial times, a wall was built in New York to prevent livestock (mostly pigs, actually) from entering the boroughs (housing areas). What is the name of the street where this wall was built?

Wallstreet

Domestic animals were described in class as "an expression of our humanity". Why is this the case? Choose the single best answer.

We have altered them genetically to be an outward expression of our human interests and who we are as humans.

Why is our relationship with dairy cattle considered a symbiotic relationship?

We have genetically altered the cow to produce a lot of milk, and in so doing we have (perhaps inadvertantly) selected against their ability to survive fully on their own. Therefore, we provide for their basic needs and they in turn provide to meet ours.

To move a calf forward in a chute with the least stress to the calf, which is the best way for the handler approach the calf?

move beside the calf from its head to its tail

Which of the following behavior/response categories discussed in class is/are innate?

-eliminative -gregariousness -shelter-seeking -agonistic

The following are all considered diseases. But which of the following represent what we defined as contagious disease situations?

-An unsanitary truck travelling from an infected flock enters my farm, and soon after turkeys die suddenly from avian influenza. -A horse suffers from the ringworm fungus that spreads rapidly under the moist warm saddle blanket after a hard day's work.

Many bacterial and viral diseases are infectious (transmissible). Which of following statements are correct when considering these infectious agents?

-Bacterial diseases usually can be treated with antibiotics. -Viral diseases, like rabies, can be vaccinated against, therefore breaking the link the disease transmission chain called "the susceptible animal". -Bacterial diseases, like Brucellosis, can be vaccinated against, therefore breaking the link the disease transmission chain called "the susceptible animal".

In lab we separated feeds into type categories: additive, concentrate and roughages. What distinguishes roughages from concentrates?

-Digestibility primarily from fiber content (meaning the cellulose and lignin content of the feed) is one major factor that distinguishes roughages from concentrates. -Considering the source of the feedstuff in question, roughages are mostly or usually from plant body, and concentrates are mostly or usually from seed grains or product of derivatives of seed grain sources.

In class, we speak strongly about the symbiotic relationship critical to the existence of both domestic animals and humans. Our film suggests that humans, in their quest for "different", might have failed in this symbiotic responsibility. According to our presentations, what evidence exists for this failure?

-Dogs such as the Shar Pei that have skin and eye lid diseases because of the look for which we have purposefully selected. --The change in the Bull Dog from an athlete to a wide, short bodied non-athletic dog of today. -Extreme agressive behaviors and vocalization associated with Terrier lines, bred first for hunting and rodent control, but now confined to small urban settings.

Take a moment and consider Ralph who lives in a suburb of a large metro area. He only buys milk from local dairies. He cannot imagine that dairy cattle living in confinement and being milked three times per day would be happy. The cost of obtaining his milk from local sources and raised is much higher than for milk from larger corporate sources, but he is concerned that large-scale production is not humane. Ralph is not alone; there is a trend of increasing demand for the same kind of milk has been increasing in the US in recent years. Why might this US trend in anthropomorphic societal views of livestock (like for example Ralph's view of dairy cattle and dairy production) be occurring compared to developing countries of the world (best answer)?

-Groups interested in an anthropomorphic view of preferred animal care practices have invested much resources into promoting these perspectives to fellow US citizens. -Our fellow US citizens are more affluent, and as such have more time, health and resources to consider our human/animal connection. -Over time, our fellow US citizens have much less of a direct connection to and understanding of the ways in which food is produced - especially animal derived foods.

Immunity is a means of "breaking" the third link in the chain of disease transmission. Which of the choices offered are correctly stated with regards to this approach to halting disease transmission?

-Immunity can be created passively by the introduction of blood serum from an animal that is actively producing antibodies for the disease of concern. -A newborn calf or lamb will gain much of its immunity from diseases from the colostrum it consumes shortly after birth. This creates a form of passive immunity to diseases that its dam has been exposed to. -Vaccination creates a form of active immunity (versus passive immunity). This means the animal's body can produce its own antibodies to ward off infection.

Consider the interests that the Victorians had in dog breeding. It is not too different than the interest of some who breed dogs today. Also consider that Dr. Willham (from our first lab) wrote that "domestic animals are a painting by humans on the canvas of DNA." How then is it that the the creation of the modern domestic dog might be considered a contribution to (or at least a reflection of) our humanities?

-The domestic dog, developed especiall since the Victorian Era, is an expression of human interests, much like other forms of artwork would be. --Time and wealth ( of which apparently the Victorians had) afforded them the ability to breed dogs to meet their "fancy". -Domestication is a dynamic change in genotype of the dog, and the changes seen in dogs since the Victorian era are a reflection of this continual dynamic change.

Based on the content of the presentations, how did it come to be that the Asiatic wolf became associated with humans, and thus initiated their domestication? Choose all that are correct.

-Wolves approached humans on the edges of settlements, seeking and finding food from the scraps of humans. -those with a smaller flight distance were in a favorable position to benefit from the human settlement -Wolves who existed closer to human settlements ate better, lived better and so were more likely to propogate offspring with smaller flight zones.

What is a Saluki?

-a breed of dog -Dogs used by the Bedouin for hunting rabbits

Which of the following are considered examples of non-infectious diseases as per our class definition of disease?

-a broken leg -a deleterious (meaning detrimental or "bad") genetic (inherited) condition. -stunted growth caused by a nutrient defiency in the diet of the animal -an injury caused by an excessively difficult birthing process

Which of these situations in a facility might be a possible distractions that will cause an animal to balk (resist, fight or flee) while working with them?

-bright, blinding lights in the path of movement -loud clanging metal equipment -distinct shadows in the path of desired movement

Concentrate feeds that are the co-products from ethanol or from corn sweetener production are recently very important in livestock diets, especially in Iowa because we grow so much corn. Which of the following were co-products that are used as concentrates in animal diets? These were presented in lab, and were derived from the wet and dry milling processes used to turn corn into ethanol or sweeteners.

-distiller's grain -corn gluten feed

One very fascinating experiment on foxes in the former Soviet Union supports this theory and also demonstrates surprisingly how fast the characteristics of the domestic dog might have developed. What was the essential nature of this experiment?

-foxes were selected for "tractable" (friendly, less agressive) behavior. -Foxes with more friendly behaviors were allowed to intermate, and this created a situation of artifical selection for behavior traits in this population. -physical traits like ear shape, color and others seem to be genetically correlated with the preferred behaviors.

In class we spoke of agriculture as the production of biological products to meet human need. What amazing "products" do domestic dogs provide beyond the usual understanding of companionship and transportation?

-livestock herding -cancer detection -detection of impending epilectic seizures -search and rescue of humans -hunting ability -healing powers (hairless dogs of Chichimeca)

9. Non-infectious diseases are also of great concern to us regarding the health and productivity of the animals with which we work. There are several categories of non-infectious diseases that we discussed in class. Which of the following are considered categories of non-infectious diseases? Choose all that apply.

-nutrient deficiencies in the diet -digestive system disorders -genetic (inherited) abnormality -environmental stressors causing injury to tissue

Dr. Willham said: "The symbiotic bond between animal and man has contributed to the very warp and woof of civilization." To what is he referencing when he chose the words 'warp and woof' ?

-the interlocked relationship that humans have with domestic animals which maintains the integrity of human civilization. -the interlocking strands of yarn in a weaved fabric

From lab this week, the biggest distinction of western tack is that . . . . .

-the saddle had a cantle and a horn. -fenders exist to protect the legs. -a latigo was used to secure the tack.

Why do we process feeds?

-to handle the feed more easily -to enhance digestibility and palatability for the animal -to improve storage and shelf life -to improve the marketability (consumer appeal) of the animal feed being sold.

A 150 pound ewe requires three percent of her body weight in feed (dry matter basis) each day. How much feed (dry matter basis) does she need today?

4.5

estrus

A period during the reproductive cycle of most mammals (and most primates) when the female is receptive to mating and is capable of conceiving.

When we consider animals as if they are human, we are being what regarding this viewpoint?

Anthropomorphic

Marcow Flyrubio is a faculty member at BSU (Bovine State University). When Marcow goes out in the pasture, the cattle keep their distance from him, and will run if he moves toward them. He explains that they are exhibiting an innate response.However, BSU student Bernard Sandpile argues the cattle are just simply not habituated to the presence of Marcow. Who is correct and why?

Both Marcow and Bernard are correct. Animals that are not habituated to a threat will exhibit a flight response. This is an innate behavior.

An animal species that has been genetically altered to meet a human need is called what kind of species?

Domestic

According to our video presentation today, who first promoted agriculture coursework in US colleges?

Franklin

According to our presentation, how did our symbiotic relationship with domestic dogs fail when considering the Bulldog?

Humans bred funcional ability out of the original Bulldog and created the less viable breed that we see today.

The researcher who interviewed citizens in a community in Mexico demonstrated the human tendency that drives the creation of dog diversity in the world. What is that preferential tendency which he demonstrates with his "street experiment"

Humans prefer unique and different, so tend to select dogs for uniqueness

For what main reason has our evolved relationship with animals enabled the development of these humanities?

It allowed division of power and gave us more free time

Compare the two persons described here. Which of them is more anthropomorphic in the approach to his/her chicken(s)?

Jim imagines that he would not like living in a cage if he were a chicken. Jim allows his Leghorn hens (named Henrietta and Gertrude) to roam the yard ad-libitum (freely or as she wishes). He provides a balanced ration that he buys from the local feed store, and provides table scraps on occasion to make the diet more interesting for the hens. He also then eats their eggs.

Take careful note of how we defined 'domestication' in our class discusions, and how we defined the concept in the official 'AnS 101' way. Which of the following situations best characterizes what we mean by the term "domestication" (choose single best answer)?

Julie has a Fallow deer farm. She carefully selects and breeds together bucks and does that display the most tractable behavior (tractable means more calm and easily worked with) and for fast growth and carcass quality. She breeds these selected bucks and does together to produce next year's crop of fawns.

The mutually dependent relationship we have with domesticated animals is called what kind of relationship?

Symbiosis

From lab, we stated that our relationship with animals forms "the warp and woof of human civilization". Which phrase captures the concept of what is referenced by this statement (choose single best answer)?

The strands of yarn which are weaved together are analogous to the close-knit dependency we have on animal usage, enabling time and health for human civilization to be developed.

What is the name of the breed of dog, bred and used by the Bedouin for the purpose of hunting rabbits?

Saluki

What was the major enterprise that brought England and Spain to economic power in the world?

Sheep/wool

In lab we discussed the basic decision facing those of the Neolithic era. What as this decision?

The decision to settle down and start farming while also domesticating animals for production

The Chinese dowager princess was cited in our presentation as having initiated the explosion of domestic dog breeds that we see today. What was her contribution to making this happen?

The dowager favored a small dog that resembled a lion. Some were captured and caught the attention of wealthy Victorian people who bred for unique appearances..

In the image presented here, one can see the heart of a dog, and it's associated disease condition. We also used an example like this in our class lecture. Which of the following statements correctly addresses the situation depicted by this image?

This dog's disease is clearly an infectious, endoparasitic disease..

Our presentation indicated that some wolves gained 'selective advantage' by associating with our human ancestors more readily, and so were the starting point for the domestic dog. What do they mean by 'selective advantage?

Those wolves with smaller flight zones reproduced more successfully than those who fled more readily from our ancient ancestors.

estrous cycle

adjective used to denote the reproductive cycle spanning heat to heat

heat

analogous to estrus

Antibiotics operate on which category of disease transmission? Choose best single answer.

bacteria

true or false: Based on our lab activities today, it is inappropriate (not acceptable) to make the sheep fall over in order to secure its movements.

false

true or false: The most effective search and rescue dog is a highly trained and disciplined dog that requires precise commands to find the victim.

false

true or false: The typical domestic dog of today does not in essence differ in skeletal structure and athletic ability from the protodog discussed in our study.

false

What is the part of saddle called where the rope is tied when securing a calf caught by a lasso?

horn

There were two common methods of injection application practices in lab. What were they called?

intramuscular and subcutaneous

true or false: Sheep and hogs, when handled often tend to become "desensitized" to the activity, and their flight response to this interaction is diminished. This behavior change is called "habituation", and it is a learned (versus innate) response.

true

true or false: The dairy cows today were uncomfortable with the first students who milked them, but soon got used to the idea and were not as disturbed by being approached by students to be milked. This change in behavior is called "habituation".

true

true or false: To break the middle link of the disease transmission chain (venue of transmission), one should consider sanitation practices.

true

true or false: Vaccinations create a form of "active immunity" by stimulating the body to produce its own antibodies. This is different than "passive immunity" such as received from colostrum.

true

What animal-derived product was responsible for the economic development of England and Spain?

wool

The area within which an animal feels threatened when something unfamiliar enters is called that animal's flight ___?

zone