ANATOMY 2 CHAPTER 19

What is the average life span of a red blood cell?

100-120 days

What is the blood volume of an average adult female?

4-5 liters

What is the blood volume of an average-size adult male?

5-6 liters

During hemopoiesis, some of the myeloid stem cells will eventually develop into A) proerythroblasts B) T lymphoblasts. C) B lymphoblasts. D) NK lymphoblasts. E) all of these choices.

A) Proerythroblasts

Inappropriate use of erythropoietin by athletes may cause cardiac and vascular abnormalities as a result of increased blood viscosity. A) True B) False

A) True

The extrinsic pathway of blood clotting occurs much quicker than the intrinsic pathway. A) True B) False

A) True

Thrombosis refers to clotting in a blood vessel that has not been broken. A) True B)False

A) True

Most of the plasma proteins are synthesized in the A) liver. B) spleen. C) bone marrow D) kidneys. E) white blood cells

A) liver.

The substance that stimulates formation of platelets is: A) thrombopoietin B) immunoglobulins C) antibodies D) erythropoietin E) cytokines

A) thrombopoietin

From which ABO donor types could you receive blood if you had AB blood?

A, B, O, AB

IF your blood clumped with both anti-A and anti-B sera, your ABO blood type would be

AB

To what ABO blood groups could you give blood if you had AB blood?

AB

Which ABO blood type is the least common?

AB, O-

Which of the following statements is true? A) a reticulocyte has a multilobed nucleus B) erythropoiesis is the production of white blood cells C) hypoxia increases the secretion of erythropoietin by the kidneys D) normally, erythropoiesis outpaces the production of red blood cell destruction E) loss of the nucleus causes swelling of an erythrocyte

C) Hypoxia increases the secretion of erythropoetin by the kidneys

Which of the following statements is false? A)hematocrit is the ratio of red blood cells found in the blood B polycythemia is indicated if the hematocrit is exceptionally high C) RBCs, WBCs, and platelets are whole cells found in blood D) a monocyte is a type of white blood cell E) anemia may be present if there is an abnormally low number of RBCs

C) RBCs, WBCs, and platelets are whole cells found in blood

A megakaryoblast will develop into A) a red blood cell. B) a white blood cell. C) a platelet. D) either a white blood cell or a platelet. E) none of these choices.

C) a platelet

Blood is classified as a liquid A) epithelial tissue B) endothelium C) connective tissue D) epithelial tissue and endothelium are both correct E) endothelium and connective tissue are correct

C) connective tissue

A hemopoietic growth factor: A) is a hormone that regulates bone growth B) stimulates absorption of nutrients in the small intestine C) is a hormone that aids in proliferation of progenitor cells D) are lymphoid cells used in the immune system's defense mode E) are precursor cells

C) is a hormone that aids in proliferation of progenitor cells

Which of the following is NOT a function of the blood? A) transportation of gases, nutrients, and wastes B) regulation of body pH C) secretion of hormones D) protection against disease E) aid in maintaining fluid homeostasis in cells

C) secretion of hormones

Which of the following does NOT contain a nucleus while in the peripheral blood? 1. erythrocytes 2. thrombocytes 3. megakaryocytes A) 1 only B) 2 only C) 3 only D) 1 and 2 are correct E) 1, 2, and 3 are correct

D) 1 and 2 are correct

A thrombus is: A) a narrowing of the lumen of a vessel B) an air bubble traveling in the blood stream C) a substance that dissolves blood clots D) a collection of platelets and other cells on the endothelial surface E) a medicine used to treat heart attacks

D) a collection of platelets and other cells on the endothelial surface

Which does NOT help to control hemostasis? A) absorption of thrombin by fibrin in the clot. B) dispersal of clotting factors by blood flow. C) inhibition of platelet adhesion and release by prostacyclin. D) production of prothrombinase by both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways E) availability of antithrombin and activated protein C.

D) productions of prothrombinase by both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways

Which of the following is not involved in platelet plug formation? A) platelets sticking to the walls of an injured vessel B) vasoconstriction due to serotonin release C) release of platelet-derived-growth-factor ((PDGF) D) the release of ADH to make the platelets bind to each other E) all the above occur in platelet plug formation

D) the release of ADH to make the platelets bind to each other

Vascular spasm, the first mechanism activated to decrease blood loss, is caused by 1. damage to smooth muscle. 2. substances released by activated platelets. 3. reflexes initiated by pain receptors. A) 1 only B) 2 only C) 3 only D) 1 and 2 are correct E) 1, 2, and 3 are correct

E) 1, 2, and 3 are correct

The myeloid stem cell gives rise to A) monocytes and macrophages. B) megakaryocytes and platelets. C) red blood cells. D) granulocytes. E) All of these choices

E) All of these choices

Which is NOT a function of plasma proteins? A) they play an essential role in blood clotting B) they help the immune system attack viruses and bacteria C) they transport iron, lipids and fat soluble vitamins D) they maintain water balance between the blood and tissues E) All of these choices are functions of plasma proteins

E) All of these choices are functions of plasma proteins

What plasma protein plays a role in disease resistance?

Globulins

Which ABO blood type is the most common?

O

Which blood type is theoretically considered the universal donor?

O-

What is also called an erythrocyte with an anucleate formed element?

RBC

What transports oxygen?

RBC

Blood plasma and interstitial fluid are both components of the extracellular fluid. True or false?

True

True or False: Hemolytic disease of the newborn usually does not affect the first-born child because the Rh- mother has not had a change to build up anti-Rh antibodies to the newborn's Rh+ blood.

True

A megakaryoblast will develop into

a platelet

The red blood cell: a. numbers about 5 and a half million per microliter in an adult male b. is convex in the middle c. are also called leukocytes d. contains the nitrogen-carrying protein hemoglobin e. are multinucleated cells

a. numbers about 5 and a half million per microliter in an adult male

Which statement is false? a. type AB persons are called universal donors b. type B persons are compatible with blood types B and O c. type O person can only receive type O blood d. type AB persons can receive blood types A, B, AB, and O e. all of these choices are true

a. type AB persons are called universal donors

What is the sequence of events in blood clot formation?

activation of Factor X; formation of prothrombinase; formation of thrombin; formation of fibrin; clot retraction

One of the following is not a formed element found in blood. A) lymphocyte B) red blood cell C) platelet D) white blood cell E) all the above are formed elements

all the above are formed elements

What blood pathology presents as a condition of too few RBCs or of RBCs with hemoglobin deficiencies

anemia

What happens when an ABO blood type is mismatched for the first ime?

antibody formed

Which statement about blood is not true? a. blood plasma is an extracellular matrix b. about 10% of the formed elements are red blood cells c. blood plasma is over 90% water d. most of the proteins found in blood are made in the liver e. 55% of the blood is made up of blood plasma

b. about 10% of the formed elements are red blood cells

Which of the following is not true of blood in its transporting role? a. carries nutrients to cells from the gastrointestinal tract b. carries oxygen from the cells to the lungs c. transports hormones from glands to other parts of the body d. carries waste products for elimination e. all of these choices are true

b. carries oxygen from the cells to the lungs

Which of the following is not an example of hemostasis? a. platelet plug formation b. maintenance of the normal body temperature c. applying a tourniquet d. vascular spasm e. blood clotting

b. maintenance of the normal body temperature

What releases histamine; promotes inflammation?

basophil

Why is O- theoretically considered the universal donor?

because it doesn't have any antigens

Describe the structural characteristics of basophils

bilobed nucleus, <1%, large blue/purple cytoplasmic granules

Describe the structural characteristics of eosinophils

bilobed nucleus, red cytoplasmic granules, 2-4%

Which of the following statements is false? a. hematocrit is the ratio of red blood cells found in the blood b. polycythemia is indicated if the hematocrit is exceptionally high c. RBCs, WBCs, and platelets are whole cells found in blood d. a monocyte is a type of white blood cell e. anemia may be present if there is an abnormally low number of RBCs

c. RBCs, WBCs, and platelets are whole cells found in blood

A differential white blood cell count would not be appropriate to: a. determine the effects of chemotherapy b. aid in diagnosing a parasitic infection c. differentiating high density lipoprotein (HDL) from low density lipoprotein (LDL) d. check for poisioning by drugs e. determine changes during therapy of leukemia

c. differentiating high density lipoprotein (HDL) from low density lipoprotein (LDL)

Which of the following is not true of blood in its transporting role? carries nutrients to cells from the gastrointestinal tract carries oxygen from the cells to the lungs transports hormones from glands to other parts of the body carries waste products for elimination all of these c hoices are true

carries oxygen from the cells to the lungs

What is the volume of blood in an average adult male? a. 5 to 6 quarts b. 5 to 6 gallons c. a little less than 1 gallon d. 5 to 6 liters

d. 5 to 6 liters

An increase in white blood cell count above normal levels is called: a. leukopenia b. erythrocytosis c. emigration d. leukocytosis e. erythropoiesis

d. leukocytosis

Which of the following is not involved in platelet plug formation? a. platelets sticking to the walls of an injured vessel b. vasoconstriction due to serotonin release c. release of platelet-derived-growth-factor (PDGF) d. the release of ADH to make the platelets bind to each other e. all the above occur in platelet plug formation

d. the release of ADH to make the platelets bind to each other

One of the following is not a formed element found in blood. a. lymphocyte b. red blood cell c. platelet d. white blood cell e. all of the above are formed elements

e. all of the above are formed elements

Increased numbers of _________ may occur in allergic reactions, parasitic infections, and some autoimmune diseases.

eosinophils

What number rises during parasite infections?

eosinophils

Which of the following does NOT contain a nucleus while in the peripheral blood? 1. erythrocytes 2. thrombocytes 3. megakaryocytes

erythrocytes and thrombocytes (1 & 2)

What hormone stimulates proliferation of RBCs in the red bone marrow?

erythropoietin (EPO)

T/F A woman who is Rh negative and a man who is Rh positive had a child who was Rh negative. This means that the next child born to this couple will be at a high risk of developing hemolytic disease of the newborn.

false

What plasma protein plays a role in blood clotting?

fibrinogen

After testing your blood in the lab, you found that your red cells agglutinated with both anti-A and anti-B antisera. This means that you: have A and B antigens on your RBC. have anti-A and anti-B antibodies in your plasma. are AB positive. have A and B antigens on your RBC and have anti-A and anti-B antibodies in your plasma are both correct. have A and B antigens on your RBC, have anti-A and anti-B antibodies in your plasma, and are AB positive are all correct.

have A and B antigens on your RBC

The process by which the formed elements of the blood develop is called

hemopoiesis

Name two anticoagulants used in conducting the hematologic tests?

heparin and EDTA

Which of the following statements is true? a reticulocyte has a multilobed nucleus erythropoiesis is the production of white blood cells hypoxia increases the secretion of erythropoietin by the kidneys normally, erythropoiesis outpaces the production of red blood cell destruction loss of the nucleus causes swelling of an erythrocyte

hypoxia increases the secretion of erythropoietin by the kidneys

How does the anucleate condiction of a RBC affect the life span?

it cannot reproduce/repair damage

Describe the structural characteristics of monocytes

kidney shaped nucleus, largest leukocyte, 3-8%, lots of cytoplasm

What blood pathology presents as an abnormal increase in the number of WBCs

leukocytosis

What blood pathology presents as an abnormal decrease in the number of WBCs

leukopenia

What forms a lot in the lymphoid tissue?

lymphocyte

What are agranulocytes?

lymphocyte, monocyte

agranular leukocytes include

lymphocytes and monocytes

What is an anticoagulant?

medicine that prevents the clotting of blood

What is the ancestral cell of platelets?

megakaryocyte

What increases in number during prolonged infections?

monocyte

Describe the structural characteristics of neutrophils

multilobed nucleus, pale lilac cytoplasm w/fine cytoplasmic granules, 50-70%

Which white blood cell has a primary responsibility to destroy newly formed tumor cells?

natural killer cells

What is the most numerous leukocyte?

neutrophil

What are the three granulocytes?

neutrophil, basophil, eosinophils

What are actively phagocytic leukocytes?

neutrophil, monocyte

Which are the most numerous white blood cells?

neutrophils

What are the five types of white blood cells?

neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils

What is primarily water, noncellular; and is the fluid matrix of blood?

plasma

What blood pathology presents as an abnormal increase in the number of RBCs

polycythemia

Which of the following is NOT a function of the blood? transportation of gases, nutrients, and wastes regulation of body pH secretion of hormones protection against disease aid in maintaining fluid homeostasis in cells

secretion of hormones

Describe the structural characteristics of lymphocytes

smallest leukocyte, nucleus spherical or indented, pale blue cytoplasm, 25% or more

What determines whether blood is bright red or dull brick-red?

the amount of oxygen present in the RBCs

Define hematocrit

the percentage of RBCs in a given sample of blood after centrifugation

the substance that stimulates formation of platelets is

thrombopoietin

Explain why an RH-negative person does not have a transfusion reaction on the first exposure to RH-positive blood but does have a reaction on the second exposure

time before antibodies are formed- there can be no antibody/antigen complex made

Broadly speaking, why are hematologic studies of blood so important in the diagnosis of disease?

to determine the general level of health and the presence of pathological conditions

T/F Hemolytic disease of the newborn usually does not affect the first-born child because the Rh- mother has not had a chance to build up anti-Rh antibodies to the newborn's Rh+ blood.

true

T/F Inappropriate use of erythropoietin by athletes may cause cardiac and vascular abnormalities as a result of increased blood viscosity.

true

T/F blood plasma and interstitial fluid are both components of the extracellular fluid

true

T/F the extrinsic pathway of blood clotting occurs much quicker than the intrinsic pathway

true

T/F thrombosis refers to clotting in a blood vessel that has not been broken

true

Which statement is false? type AB persons are called universal donors type B persons are compatible with blood types B and O type O person can only receive type O blood type AB persons can receive blood types A, B, AB, and O all of these choices are true

type AB persons are called universal donors

Vascular spasm, the first mechanism activated to decrease blood loss, is caused by 1. damage to smooth muscle. 2. substances released by activated platelets. 3. reflexes initiated by pain receptors.

All are correct

Hemopoietic growth factors include all of the following EXCEPT A) erythropoietin. B) fibrinogen. C) thrombopoietin. D) colony-stimulating factors. E) cytokines.

B) Fibrinogen

Which of the following is not an example of hemostasis? A) platelet plug formation B) maintenance of the normal body temperature C) applying a tourniquet D) vascular spasm E) blood clotting

B) maintenance of the normal body temperature

Name the first substance that is incorporated into the new clot. A) plasmin B) plasminogen C) fibrinolysin D) heparin E) prostacyclin

B) plasminogen