anatomy 2.2
axis is always perpendicular to the plane
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cartilaginous type: symphysis location: vertebral movement allowed: axis: non-axial minimal: amphiarthroses
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fibrous type: suture location: skull movement allowed: axis: nonaxial none: synarthroses
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synovial type: ball and socket location: shoulder/hip movement allowed: axis: triaxial flex/exten: sagittal rotation: transverse adduct/abduct: frontal
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synovial type: hinge location: knee movement allowed: axis: uni-axial flex/exten: sagittal plane of movement: sagittal
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synovial membrane = synovial fluid
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what is a sesamoid (sysmoid?) bone?
a bone located in a tendon of a muscle
what type of movement can occur at the SHOULDER joint?
abduction adduction flexion extension rotation
in what plane/planes will these movements occur for the SHOULDER joint?
abduction/adduction = frontal flexion/extension = sagittal rotation = transverse
what category of synovial joints is the HIP joint?
ball and socket
what category of synovial joint is the SHOULDER joint?
ball and socket (multiaxial)
what is a dislocation?
bone(s) are forced out of alignment (bones must be put back in place in order to heal)
what is osteoarthritis (OA)?
degeneration of articular cartilage
what bones form the HIP joint?
femur acetabulum of os coxae
what are the 3 structural joint types?
fibrous cartilaginous synovial
whats the articular capsule made of?
fibrous capsule synovial membrane (synovial fluid)
what type of movement can occur at the ELBOW joint?
flexion extension
what type of movements can occur at the KNEE joint?
flexion/extension
in what plane/planes will these movements occur for the ELBOW joint?
flexion/extension = sagittal
what category of synovial joint is the ELBOW joint?
hinge joint
what category of synovial joints is the ANKLE joint?
hinge joint
what category of synovial joints is the KNEE joint?
hinge joint
what bone forms the elbow joint?
humerus ulna radius
what bones form the shoulder joint?
humerus scapula
what are articular cartilage?
hyaline cartilage
whats special about synchondroses?
it is temporary
what does synovial fluid do?
it reduces friction (acts as a lubricant)
whats the difference between a ligament and a tendon?
ligaments= bone to bone tendon= bone to muscle
what bones form the KNEE joint?
patella femur tibia
popliteal
pertaining to back of knee
what type of movements can occur at the ANKLE joint?
plantar dorsiflexion of the foot
in what plane/planes can these movements occur for the ANKLE joint?
sagittal
in what plane/planes will these movements occur for the KNEE joint?
sagittal
what are the only two MULTIAXIAL joint?
shoulder hip
what is a sprain?
stretched/torn ligament(s)
what are the 3 types of fibrous joints?
sutures gomphoses syndesmoses
what is arthritis?
swellening/stiffening of joints
what are the 3 functional joints?
synarthroses (immovable) amphiarthroses (slightly movable) diarthroses (freely movable)
what are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?
syndesmoses synchondroses symphyses
what are at SYNOVIAL JOINTS?
synovial fluid articular cartilage (hyaline) ligaments articular capsule (fibrous tissues & synovial membrane)
what bones form the ANKLE joint?
tibia fibula talas
purpose of joint capsules?
to stabilize the joint
what is a cartilage injury?
torn/removed cartilage (rarely heals itself)
where would you find symphyses?
vertebral bodies
purpose of articular cartilage?
1. cushion bone where they join together 2. helps to reduce friction
in what plane/planes will these movements occur for the HIP joint?
?
what type of movements can occur at the HIP joint?
?
types of joint capsules?
EXtracapsular (outside joint) INtracapsular (inside joint)
what is rheumatiod arthritis (RA)?
chronic inflammation of synovial membrane
ligaments
connective tissue bands (dense regular connective tissue)