Anatomy & Physiology: Chapter 8 Mastery Test- Muscles

'Muscle tone' refers to ___.

A state of sustained, partial contraction of muscles

The energy used in muscle contraction is supplied by the decomposition of ___.

ATPase

The neurotransmitter that is necessary for the transmission of an impulse from a nerve to a skeletal muscle fiber is ___.

Acetylcholine

The kind of energy that muscles use to contract is ___.

Chemical

A molecule that stores energy and can be used when ATP is in low supply is ___.

Creating phosphate

'Atrophy' refers to a(n) (increase, decrease) in the size of a muscle?

Decrease

After prolonged muscle use, muscle fatigue occurs due to an accumulation of ___.

Lactic acid

A person feels out of breath after vigorous exercise because if oxygen debt. What explains this phenomenon?

Lactic acid is metabolized more efficiently when the body is at rest.

The period of time between a stimulus to a muscle and muscle response is called the ___.

Latent period

A motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls are called a ___.

Motor unit

Two types of smooth muscle are ___ muscle and ___ muscle.

Multi unit & Visceral

The type of tissue that produces the major source of heat in the body is ___ tissue.

Muscle

An injury in which a few muscle fibers are torn but the fascia is left intact is called a ___.

Muscle strain

The characteristic striated appearance of skeletal muscle is due to the arrangement of alternating protein filaments composed of ___ and ___.

Myosin & Actin

The union between a nerve fiber and a muscle fiber is the ___.

Neuromuscular junction

The strength of a muscle contraction in response to different levels of stimulation is determined by the ___.

Number of motor units stimulated

The ion necessary to allow linkage of myosin and actin is ___.

Calcium

An individual skeletal muscle is separated from adjacent muscles by ___.

Fascia

Layers of connective tissue extending into the muscle to form partitions between muscle bundles that are continuous with attachments of muscle to periosteum are called ___.

Fascia

The functional units of muscle contraction are ___.

Sarcomeres

When the cross-bridge of the myosin molecule forms linkages with actin filaments, the result is ___.

Shortening of the muscle fiber

I bands are composed of ___.

Thin actin filaments

The minimal strength stimulus needed to elicit contraction of a single muscle fiber is called a(n) ___.

Threshold stimulus

List the tissues found in skeletal muscle.

Tissue, blood, and other connective tissues