aNATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY CHAPTER 9 AND 10

The perception of pain coming from parts of the body that are not actually stimulated is called A referred pain. B preferential pain. C slow pain. D actual pain. E recalcitrant pain.

A

Where are the saccule and utricle are located? A middle ear B semicircular canals C cochlea D vestibule

D

Which of the following is not a major group of hormones? A Amino acid derivatives B Lipid derivatives C Peptide hormones D Carbohydrate derivatives

D

________ deafness results from conditions in the middle ear that block the normal transfer of vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window. A Tunnel B Cochlear C Corti D Conduction E Nerve

D

Changing the shape of the lens to keep the focal length constant is a process called A farsightedness. B astigmatism. C nearsightedness. D myopia. E accommodation.

E

Peripheral structures sensitive to the presence of hormones are called ________. A exocrine cells B G-proteins C second messengers D first messengers E target cells

E

Taste buds are monitored by cranial nerves A V, VII, and IX. B VII, VIII, and IX. C IX, XI, and XII. D IX, X, and XI. E VII, IX, and X.

E

Which of the following is NOT one of the special senses? A. Touch B. Gustation C. Olfaction D. Vision

a

The photoreceptors of the retina are called ________. a bipolar cells b rods and cones c amacrine cells d ganglion cells e horizontal cells

b

The conscious awareness of a sensation is called a reception. b adaptation. c perception. d proprioception. e desensitization.

c

Gustation refers to the special sense of a touch. b balance. c equilibrium. d vision. e taste.

e

Peptide hormones are A chemically related to cholesterol. B released by the reproductive organs. C derived from arachidonic acid. D composed of chains of amino acids. E lipids.

D

Night blindness can be treated by administering A vitamin A. B vitamin E. C vitamin C. D vitamin D. E vitamin K.

A

Neurotransmitters are to the nervous system as ________ to the endocrine system. A target cells are B hormones are C acetylcholine is D norepinephrine is

B

The nervous system A is regulated mainly by positive feedback. B has effects that are very long-lived. C is ideal for crisis management. D does not rely on the binding of receptors to target cells. E communicates by the release of hormones.

C

Which is the spectrum of visible light, from least energy to highest energy? A indigo-yellow-orange-blue-violet-green-red B violet-red-blue-indigo-yellow-green-orange C red-orange-yellow-green-blue-indigo-violet D orange-red-blue-yellow-green-indigo-violet E blue-indigo-green-violet-orange-yellow-red

C

Which of the following is a primary taste sensation? A fruity B putrid C sweet D pungent E metallic

C

Which of the following structures regulates the activities of both the nervous and the endocrine systems? A Pituitary gland B Thalamus C Hypothalamus D Parathyroid gland

C

Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to decreased levels of calcium ions in the blood. A cortisol B parathyroid hormone C aldosterone D calcitonin E thymosin

D

The ossicles connect the A cochlea to the oval window. B cochlea to the tympanic membrane. C oval window to the round window. D tympanic membrane to the oval window. E tympanic membrane to the round window

D

The ________ is considered the site of sharpest vision, while the ________ is the blind spot of the eye. a optic disc; fovea centralis b fovea centralis; optic disc c fovea centralis; macula d cone; rod

b

A soft mass that is located at the medial canthus and contains glands that produce thick secretions is the A lacrimal caruncle. B superior eyelid. C sclera. D conjunctiva. E tear gland.

A

Generally, the actions of hormones A can produce complex changes in physical structure and physiological changes. B are shorter-lasting than the actions of the nervous system. C tend to be less widespread than actions of the nervous system. D are faster to react than the nervous system. E do not affect homeostasis.

A

Which of the following is NOT an auditory ossicle? A stapedius B stapes C malleus D incus

A

The anterior cavity is A filled by the vitreous body. B filled with aqueous humor. C filled with endolymph. D filled with perilymph. E hollow.

B

The transparent portion of the fibrous layer of the eye is the A canthus. B cornea. C pupil. D conjunctiva. E iris.

B

Which of the following is a transparent mucous membrane covering the sclera? Which of the following is a transparent mucous membrane covering the sclera? a palpebrae b cornea c conjunctiva d choroid layer

c

A structure that allows the middle ear to communicate with the nasopharynx is the a vestibular duct. b tympanic duct. c pinna. d auditory tube. e external auditory canal.

d

Changes in joint position are monitored by ________ . a nociceptors b chemoreceptors c baroreceptors d proprioceptors e thermoreceptors

d

Merkel discs, ruffini corpsucles, lamellated corpuscles, and free nerve endings are all examples of what type of receptors? a Proprioceptors b Baroreceptors c Thermoreceptors d Tactile receptors

d

The highest concentration of cones is in the ________. A fovea centralis B fibrous layer C choroid D blind spot E optic disc

A

The hormone that causes the activation of osteoclasts is A parathyroid hormone. B oxytocin. C thyroid hormone. D calcitonin. E glucagon.

A

There are three different types of cones, each one sensitive to a different color wavelength of light. These cones are designated A red, blue, and green. B red, yellow, and blue. C red, yellow, and indigo. D yellow, green, and blue. E red, green, and yellow.

A

Where are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary made? A hypothalamus B anterior pituitary C suprarenal gland D thyroid E posterior pituitary

A

Neurons in the respiratory centers of the brain that respond to pH are examples of ________. A nociceptors B chemoreceptors C thermoreceptors D mechanoreceptors E baroreceptors

B

The endocrine system A releases neurotransmitters into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body. B relies on the release of chemicals that bind to target cells. C produces effects that last for seconds or minutes. D is regulated mainly by positive feedback. E is not involved in homeostasis.

B

The frequency of a sound is indicated to the nervous system by the A frequency of hair cell vibration in the spiral organ. B region of the basilar membrane of the spiral organ that is stimulated. C frequency of vibration of the tectorial membrane of the spiral organ. D number of rows of hair cells that are stimulated in the spiral organ. E movement of the perilymph in the cochlear duct.

B

The hair cells of the cochlear duct that are responsible for hearing are located in the __________. A scala vestibuli B spiral organ C scala tympani D ampulla

B

Two hormones referred to as gonadotropins are A GH and TSH. B FSH and LH. C PRL and OT. D ADH and ACTH. E ADH and OT.

B

Which of the following is filled with air? A semicircular canal B middle ear cavity C vestibule D cochlea E membranous labyrinth

B

All hormones are A proteins. B cholesterol based. C chemical messengers. D steroids. E inorganic compounds

C

Sound energy is converted into mechanical movements by the A round window. B oval window. C tympanic membrane. D cochlea. E auditory ossicles.

C

The movement of the stapes at the oval window establishes pressure waves in the A endolymph of the scala vestibuli. B perilymph of the scala tympani. C perilymph of the scala vestibuli. D ampullae. E endolymph of the cochlear duct.

C

\Receptors in the ________ provide sensations of gravity and linear acceleration. A semicircular canals B auditory ossicles C vestibule D internal acoustic meatus E cochlea

C

Nearsightedness is more properly called A retinal detachment. B emmetropia. C glaucoma. D myopia. E hyperopia.

D

One adrenal hormone that affects glucose metabolism is A gonadotropin. B epinephrine. C aldosterone. D cortisol. E thymosin.

D

Which of the following is the pancreatic hormone that is released when blood glucose levels rise? A growth hormone B cortisol C glucagon D erythropoietin E insulin

E

Hormones that control endocrine cell secretion by either stimulating or preventing the synthesis of anterior pituitary hormones are known as ________. A regulatory hormones B releasing hormones C inhibiting hormones D hypothalamic hormones

A

Within the olfactory epithelium, which of the following are regenerative stem cells? A olfactory bulbs B basal cells C odorant-binding proteins D olfactory glands E olfactory tracts

B

For a hormone to perform its function when it reaches its target cell, it must ________. A be able to trigger the first and second messengers B be able to cross the plasma membrane C bind to specific receptor on or inside the target cell D be able to perform all of the above

C

Sensory receptors that monitor the position of joints are called A chemoreceptors. B thermoreceptors. C proprioceptors. D baroreceptors. E nociceptors.

C

The structure that overlies the spiral organ, and which is firmly attached to the walls of the cochlear duct, is the A malleus. B endolymph. C basilar membrane. D tectorial membrane. E vestibular duct.

D

What would happen to a person whose body is unable to produce a sufficient amount of gonadotropins? A The person will become diabetic. B The person will have an increased heart rate. C The person will be unable to produce steroid hormones. D The person will not undergo sexual maturation.

D

Steroid hormones A are proteins. B are secreted by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. C include pancreatic hormones. D are the largest class of hormones. E are structurally similar to cholesterol.

E

The Golgi tendon organs are examples of which of the following? A nociceptors B chemoreceptors C baroreceptors D mechanoreceptors E proprioceptors

E

The daily day/night cycle known as a circadian rhythm involves the A pituitary gland. B medulla oblongata. C cerebellum. D inferior colliculi. E pineal gland.

E

When viewing an object in close distance, the lens should be more A convex. B medial. C flattened. D lateral. E rounded.

E

Which is the most common form of color blindness? A yellow-orange B green-yellow C blue-yellow D blue-red E red-green

E

Which of the following extrinsic eye muscles is responsible for enabling the eye to roll, look up, and look laterally? A superior rectus B medial rectus C superior oblique D inferior rectus E inferior oblique

E

Which of the following senses is not triggered by chemical stimuli? a Vision b Chemoreception c Olfaction d Gustation

a

.The branch of the cranial nerve that is responsible for monitoring changes in equilibrium is the ________ branch. a trigeminal b auditory c vestibular d cochlear e otoconia

c

One hormone that is released from the adrenal medulla is A androgen. B aldosterone. C epinephrine. D cortisol. E insulin.

C

Which of the following is NOT a taste sensation? a Sweet b Oil c Umami d Water

b

In the middle ear, which muscle pulls on the malleolus? a buccinator b stapedius c tensor tympani d stylohyoid e masseter

c

Which of the following is NOT considered a general sense? a Temperature b Pain c Proprioception d Equilibrium

d

Which of the following is a pain receptor? a mechanoreceptor b thermoreceptor c baroreceptor d nociceptor

d

Hormones from the ________, which travel in the hypophyseal portal vessels, alter the activity of the anterior pituitary. A hypothalamus B thalamus C thyroid D cerebellum E brain stem

A

Consider the anatomy of the eye. Which of the following structures is not considered part of the vascular layer? A Cornea B Iris C Ciliary body D Choroid

A

A blind spot in the retina occurs A at the optic disc. B where amacrine cells are located. C at the fovea. D where rod cells are clustered to form the macula. E where ganglion cells synapse with bipolar cells.

A

Temperature senses use two types of A chemoreceptors. B free nerve endings. C proprioceptors. D lamellated corpuscles. E tactile corpuscles.

B