Anatomy & Physiology I Chapter 7 SmartBook
Most of the body's reserves of ______ and phosphate are stored and released by bone.
calcium
Spongy bone is also called ______.
cancellous bone
Osteoclasts are ______.
cells that break down bone
Letter A represents the _____ canal of the osteon. Look at figure 7.7
central
The cylindrical channel that lies in the center of the osteon is the ______.
central canal
In the given image of a flat bone, what does letter B represent? Look at figure 7.4
compact bone
A thin line of compact bone in the epiphysis of a mature bone is called the ______.
epiphyseal line
The sternum is an example of a(n) ______ bone.
flat
Identify the type of bone marked letter A. Look at figure 7.1
flat bone
Bones provide structural support for the body by serving as a(n) _____ for the entire body.
framework
Calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide interact to form ______ in the matrix of bone.
hydroxyapatite crystals
Donor bone marrow is most commonly harvested from the ______.
iliac crest
When osteoblast activity exceeds osteoclast activity, bone mass ______.
increases
Spongy bone is located ______ to compact bone.
internal
Osteocytes are ______.
mature bone cells
The cylindrical space within the diaphysis of a long bone is called the _____ _____.
medullary cavity
______ remove bone matrix and ______ add to it.
osteoclasts; osteoblasts
The mineral called _____, stored within bone, is a component of ATP and phospholipids.
phosphate
Which is a function of bone?
protection of organs
The epiphysis of a long bone closest to the body trunk is the _____ epiphysis.
proximal
The bone part labeled "A" in the figure is the ______. Look at figure 7.3
proximal epiphysis
Anemia is a disease of low oxygen delivery to tissues. This is sometimes the result of a low number of ______.
red blood cells
Hematopoiesis occurs in ______.
red bone marrow
The organic components of bone provide ______.
resistance to stretching
Severe anemia can trigger the conversion of _____ bone marrow into _____ bone marrow.
yellow; red
Functions of bone include ______.
-blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) -protection -mineral storage -support
Long bones include ______.
-the thigh bone -the bones of the toes -the bones of the palm -the bones of the fingers
______ connect bone to bone.
Ligaments
Osteitis deformans is also called _____ disease.
Paget
In the picture of a flat bone, what does letter A represent? Look at figure 7.4
Periosteum
Which is an organic component of bone?
collagen fibers
What is the elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone called?
diaphysis
Which organs are protected by bones?
heart brain lungs reproductive organs
The process of blood cell production is called _____.
hematopoiesis
Which statements characterize endosteum?
-it lines medullary cavities -it contains osteoblasts -it is active during bone repair
True or False: Bone has a poor supply of blood vessels.
False
Rings of bone connective tissue that surround the central canal of an osteon are called ______.
concentric lamellae
Bone A, in the picture provided, is classified as a(n) ______ bone. Look at figure 7.1
long
The femur is an example of a ______ bone.
long
One bone is supplied by ______.
many blood vessels
Bone resorption is a function of ______.
osteoclasts
______ are large phagocytic cells found in bone.
osteoclasts
The bone cell labeled A is an ______. Look at figure 7.6
osteocyte
Bone formation requires ______.
vitamin D phosphate calcium
In adults, the medullary cavity contains ______ bone marrow.
yellow
Which statements describe the inorganic components of the matrix of bone?
- it gives the bone its hardness - it contains hydroxyapatite crystals
Which characterizes the process of bone resorption?
-Hydrochloric acid dissolves minerals of bone. -Lysosomes dissolve the organic parts of bone matrix.
Which statements describe an osteon?
-It contains a central canal. -It is microscopic. -It is also called a Haversian system. -It runs parallel to the diaphysis of a long bone.
Which statements characterize periosteum?
-It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. -It covers the outer surface of the diaphysis of a long bone. -It functions to anchor blood vessels to the surface of bones.
Which statements describe the matrix of bone?
-It is composed of organic and inorganic substances. -It is harder than the matrix of cartilage.
Which statements characterize the innervation of bone?
-Nerves of bone accompany the blood vessels of bone. -Nerves innervate bone as well as the periosteum, endosteum, and marrow cavity.
Which statements characterize canaliculi?
-Nutrients pass through them -they extend from lacunae to lacunae -they contain osteocyte cytoplasmic extensions
Which are examples of flat bones?
-bones of the roof of the skull -shoulder blade bones -the breastbone (sternum)
Which statements characterize the functions of cartilage?
-it covers the ends of long bones -it provides a model for the formation of bones
Which statements correctly describe compact bone?
-it forms the external walls of a long bone -it is solid and relatively dense
Which statements characterize articular cartilage?
-it function to reduce friction in joints -it covers an epiphysis -it is composed of hyaline cartilage
Osteoblasts function to ______.
-produce osteoid
Which are examples of short bones?
-some bones of the foot -bones of the wrist
Which statements characterize perforating canals of bone?
-they connect multiple central canals -they contains blood vessels and nerves -they run perpendicular to central canals
Which statements characterize osteocytes?
-they reside in lacunae. -they maintain bone matrix.
True or false: The innervation of bone is mainly composed of sensory nerves that signal injuries to the skeleton.
True
What is the entire structure that is pictured here? Look at figure 7.7
an osteon
Covering the end of an epiphysis of a long bone is a thin layer of hyaline cartilage called the _____ cartilage.
articular
The letter A indicates _____ cartilage on the picture of a long bone. Look at figure 7.1
articular
The end of a long bone is covered with ______.
articular cartilage
What are rings of bone directly internal to the periosteum of a bone called?
circumferential lamellae
Bone is a type of ______ tissue.
connective
The elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone is called its _____.
diaphysis
An incomplete layer of cells that lines the medullary cavity of a bone is called ______.
endosteum
Which structure replaces the epiphyseal plate?
epiphyseal line
The expanded end of a long bone is called the ______.
epiphysis
The type of cartilage that forms intervertebral discs is ______.
fibrocartilage
Bone C in the given picture is classified as a(n) ______ bone. Look at figure 7.1
flat
The semisolid material that suspends and supports the collagen fibers and is part of the organic materials in the matrix of bone is the _____ substance.
ground
Identify the bone type marked letter A. Look at figure 7.2
irregular bone
Based on shape, bones that have elaborate, complex shapes are classified as ______.
irregular bones
Mature cartilage ______ blood supply.
lacks a
Identify the structure marked by the letter B in this picture of an osteon. Look at figure 7.7
lacunae
Bones of the skeleton function as a system of _____ that are pulled when skeletal muscles contract.
levers
The region of a mature bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis is the _____.
metaphysis
What is the region of a mature bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis called?
metaphysis
Another name for the calcification of bone is _____.
mineralization
Tendons connect ______ to bone.
muscle
Letter A in the figure provided represents a(n) _____ artery of bone. Look at figure 7.3
nutrient
Which blood vessel supplies the diaphysis of a long bone?
nutrient artery
An osteoblast is an example of which type of component of bone?
organic component
Which components of bone matrix provides its tensile strength?
organic components
Another term for bone tissue is ______ connective tissue.
osseous
The cell of bone labeled B is a(n) _____. Look at figure 7.6
osteoclast
Osteitis deformans is caused by increased ______ activity.
osteoclast; osteoblast
When osteoblasts become entrapped in the matrix they produce, they become cells called ______.
osteocytes
A tough fibrous layer covering the outer surface of a long bone is called ______.
periosteum
Based on shape, bones that have a length about equal to their width are classified as _____ bones.
short
The wrist bones are examples of ______ bones.
short
Cancellous or trabecular bone is also called _____ bone.
spongy
The second most common site to harvest bone marrow is the ______.
sternum
Which serves as a system of levers?
the skeleton
