Anatomy & Physiology I Study Guide Chapter 5, Tissues & Systems

Adipose tissue

fat tissues composed of adipocytes in a gel-like intercellular matrix. insulates protects ad stores fat for reserve energy supply

Ligaments

tissue that connects bone to bone

Tendons

tissue that connects muscle to bone

Epithelial Tissue

tissue that covers the surface of the body and lines body cavities and forms glands

3 TYPES of Connective Tissues

Circulating Generalized Sructural

Types of Dense Connective Tissue

Dense Regular Connective Tissue Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

3 Serous Membrane

Pericardium Pleura Peritoneum

Smooth Muscle

Involuntary, non striated muscle that controls movement of internal organs

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Involuntary, straited,MYCOARDIUM; FOUND in heart

Connective Tissue Membrane

Periosteum- covers bone Perichondrium- covers cartilage Synovial membranes - joint capsules, bursae, Meninges- lines the cranial and spinal cavity / covers the brains & spinal cord Pericardium- forms sac that contain the heart Fascia - throughout the body, and connects, anchors, wraps other tissues and organs

Integumentary System

Protection - Regulation of the body temperature - Sensation - Secretion/Excretion -

Lymphatic / Immune

Return excess tissue fluid to the blood Absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins Protection from disease

Layers of Epithelial Tissue

Simple, stratified, pseudostratified

Osteoblast

bone-forming cell

3 Parts of a Neuron

cell body, dendrites, axon

Integumentary System

composed of Skin (main organ) - Sweat Glands Oil (sebaceous) Glands - Hair - Nails - Subcuntaneous Layer

Myelin Sheath

covers the axon helps protect & speed nerve impulse transmissions

Cuboidal Epithelial Tissue

cube-shaped cells, one layer thick

3 Epithelial Membrane

cutaneous, mucous, serous

Pleura

double layered membrane surrounding each lung

Peritoneum

double layered membrane surrounding the digestive organs

Elastic Cartilage

found in external ear, epiglottis

Transitional Epithelium Tissue (location)

found primarily in organs that need to stretch - Ureters & Urnary Bladder

Simple Squamous Epithelial Tissue

found where substances move by Rapid Diffusion, Osmosis, or Filtration

Simple Squamous Epithelial Tissue (locations)

lines the inside of Arteries & Veins (endothelium) lines the inside of the Heart (endocardium) Capillaries - Alveoli of the Lungs - Kidney

Hyaline Cartilage

most common type of cartilage, long bones, nose , trachea, attaches the ribs to the sternum and larynx

2 Types of Nervous Tissue

neurons and neuroglia

Stratified Squamous Epithelial Tissue

performs a protection functions and found and are found in tissue exposed to the outside. Lines the esophagus , mouth (non-keartinized), and skin (keartinized) called the epidermis.

dendrites

recieve sensory information and conduct impulses toward the cell body

Simple Epithelial Tissue

single layer of cells, all of which are in contact with the basement membrane

Intercellular Matrix

what makes the various types of connective tissue so different., secretedby the cells andfills the intercellur space

Functions of Epithelial Tissue

protection, absorption, filtration, secretion

3 types of Muscle Tissue

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

Shapes Epithelial Tissue

squamous; cuboidal; columnar; transitional

Transitional Epithelial Tissue

stretchy & variably shaped . lines the uterus bladder, part of the urethra.

Neuroglias

support, protect and nourish neurons....Do Not Transmit Impulses

Cutaneous Membrane

the skin

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

the striated and voluntary tissue attached to bones, allowing their movement

axon

transmits information away from the cell body

Nervous Tissue

transmits nerve impulses throughout the body

Muscle Tissue

A body tissue that contracts or shortens, making body parts move.

Tissues

A collection of similarly specialized cells that work together to perform specific functions.

Circulating Connective Tissues

Blood & Lymph

Pseudostratified Epithelial Tissue

Contains one layer of epithelial cells, but appears to have more than one

Structural Connective Tissues

Bones - Cartilage - dentin

4 Major Tissues

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous

2 Glands

Exocrine and Endocrine

Squamous Epithelial Tissue

Flat or Scale Like , upper layer of the epidermis;

Irregular Dense Connective Tissue

Forms Joints Capsules and coverings of certain organs and composes the dermis of the skin.

Regular Dense Connective Tissue

Forms tendons and ligaments

Simple Cuboidal Epithelial Tissue

Found in Glandular Tissues

Endocrine System

Hypothalamus, Pituityary Gland, Thymus Gland, Pancreas, Testes, Ovaries, Adrenal Glands, Thyroid Gland, Parathyroid Glands, Pineal Gland

Endocrine System

Growth - Metabolism - Reproduction - Behavior - Water, Electrolyte and Nutrient Balance

Exocrine Gland

Have Ducts which carry the secretions to another organ, to a cavity or to the body surface.

Cardiovascular System

Heart - Arteries - Capillaries - Veins

Function of Connective Tissues

Hold things together and provide structure - MOST COMMON TISSUE

3 Types of Cartilage

Hyaline, Fibrocartilage, Elastic

Pseudostratified Epithelial Tissue

Lines Most of the Respiratory Tract & Fallopian Tubes - Often ciliated

Mucous Membrane

Lines all body cavities that directly open to the exterior and secretes mucus

Simple Columnar Epithelial Tissue (locations)

Lines most of the Digestive Tract and Plays a major Role in Absorption,Secretion of Digestion Enzymes and Protection

Serous Membrane

Lines the ventral cavities that are not open to the exterior of the body and cover organs, secrete serous fluid.

Generalized Connective Tissues

Loose - Dense - connective tissue -adipose

Areolar Connective Tissue

Loose, functions as "tissue glue" and is the most common and widely distributed type of connective tissue

Lymphatic / Immune

Lymph - Lymphatic Vessels - Lymph Nodes - Tonsils - Thymus Gland - Spleen - Peyer Patches - Appendix

2 parts to Serous Membrane

Parietal Layer - lines walls of cavities (outer most) Visceral Layer - covers organs (inner layer)

Neurons

Transmit Electrical Impulses......basic cells of the nervous system

Cardiovascular System

Transportation - Regulation - Protection

Membranes

Thin layers of tissue that cover a surface, line a cavity, or divide a space or an organ.

Endocrine Gland

a Ductless gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream or surrounding tissue fluid

Pericardium

a double-layered serous membrane that surrounds the heart

Bone

osseous tissue, formed by osteocytes which serete a matrix that includes collagen for flexibility, and calcium salts and other minerals for strength.

Osteoclasts

cells that break down bone

Columnar Epithelial Tissue

column shaped cells used for protection and in some cases production of muscus

Stratified Epithelial Tissue

composed of two or more layers

Fibrous Cartilage

composed the intervertebral disc and the pubic symphysis

Connective Tissues

connects, supports, penetrates, protects, stores and encases various body structures - produces blood cells.

cell body

contains the nucleus, essential to life of the cell

Cartilage

is formed by chondrocytes which secrete a matrix that is firm, smooth and flexible and acts as a shock absorber and reduces friction at joints.