Anatomy and Physiology of Speech - Nervous System
Which lobe of the cerebrum contains the primary somatosensory area?
Parietal
What is the function of the myelin sheath?
Protects the axon, speed up the transfer of the neural impulses
What is the function of the dendrites?
Receives information
What are the two main nerve pathways in the peripheral nervous system?
Sensory and motor
What are the two main categories of neurons?
Sensory and motor neurons
Which type of neurons have much longer dendrites, more advanced, because they receive information, shorter axons?
Sensory neurons
What is the function of the basal ganglia?
Structures work together to coordinate movement
A ____________ is a shallower groove that surrounds a gyrus.
Sulcus
Which lobe of the cerebrum contains the Wernicke's area?
Temporal
Which lobe of the cerebrum contains the auditory cortex?
Temporal
Gray matter is a major component of what?
The central nervous system, consisting of neuronal cell bodies
What kind of matter makes up the cerebellum?
White and grey
White matter is composed of what?
Long-range myelinated axon tracts
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Motor coordination and balance
What is the function of the Schwann cells?
Making the myelin sheath
What structures make up the brainstem (from inferior to superior)?
Medulla, pons, and midbrain
What is the function of the nucleus?
Reproducing the neural cell and produce energy
Which section divides the brain along the longitudinal fissure into right and left?
Sagittal section
What is the autonomic nervous system?
Acts as a control system that functions largely involuntarily to control visceral functions
What is the function of the thalamus?
All the sensory information should come here first, then it can radiate the information to the appropriate sensors
Motor/efferent pathways do what?
Carry signals to muscles and glands
Which lobe of the cerebrum contains the vision center?
Occipital
What composes the central nervous system?
Brain and spinal cord
Where do cranial nerve originate?
Brainstem
What are the two divisions of the nervous system, anatomically?
Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
What are the four types of sections of vertebrae?
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral
What are ganglia?
Clusters of sensory nerve cells
What is the function of the axon terminals?
Connect to other neurons to transfer the neural impulse
Which section divides the brain into anterior and posterior sections?
Coronal section
What composes the peripheral nervous system?
Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
12
What is the somatic nervous system?
Associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles
What are the two divisions of the nervous system, functionally?
Autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system
A __________ is a large furrow that divides the brain into lobes, and also into the two hemispheres.
Fissure
Which lobe of the cerebrum contains the Broca's area?
Frontal
Which lobe of the cerebrum contains the primary motor cortex?
Frontal
Which lobe of the cerebrum contains the supplementary motor area?
Frontal
What are the four cerebral lobes?
Frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal
What is the Node of Ranvier?
Gaps in between the sections of myelin sheath
A ___________ is a ridge on the cerebral cortex. It is generally surrounded by one or more sulci.
Gyrus
Sensory/afferent pathways provide what?
Input from the body into the central nervous system
What five cranial nerves are activated during speech?
Trigeminal V, facial VII, glossopharyngeal IX, vagus X, and hypoglossal XII
If a patient is experiencing hoarseness, we could suspect damage to which cranial nerve?
Vagus nerve
Where do the spinal nerve originate?
Vertebrae