Anatomy & Physiology Test from AMA

Patients with which of the following diseases are treated with injections of vitamin B-12? (A) Bell's palsy (B) Crohn's disease (C) Diabetes mellitus (D) Graves' disease (E) Pernicious anemia

(E) Pernicious anemia

Which of the following is a substance that aids the transmission of nerve impulses? (A) Acetylcholine (B) Cholecystokinin (C) Deoxyribose (D) Oxytocin (E) Prolactin

Acetylcholine

Which of the following are mucus-producing glands located on each side of the vaginal opening? (A) Adrenal (B) Bartholin's (C) Bulbourethral (D) Corpus luteum (E) Parotid

Bartholin's

Calcium, potassium, and sodium are classified as which of the following? (A) Androgens (B) Catecholamines (C) Electrolytes (D) Estrogens (E) Prostaglandins

C) electrolytes

A patient has a fracture in which the radius is bent but not displaced, and the skin is intact. This type of fracture is known as which of the following? (A) Closed, greenstick (B) Complex, comminuted (C) Compound, transverse (D) Open, spiral (E) Simple, pathologic

Closed, greenstick

Which of the following is a structural, fibrous protein found in the dermis? (A) Collagen (B) Heparin (C) Lipocyte (D) Melanin (E) Sebum

Collagen

1) Which of the following terms describes the body's ability to maintain its normal state? (A) Anabolism (B) Catabolism (C) Tolerance (D) Homeostasis (E) Metabolism

Homeostais

Which of the following controls body temperature, sleep, and appetite? (A) Adrenal glands (B) Hypothalamus (C) Pancreas (D) Thalamus (E) Thyroid gland

Hypothalamus

Where is the sinoatrial node located? (A) Between the left atrium and the left ventricle (B) Between the right atrium and the right ventricle (C) In the interventricular septum (E) Pernicious anemia (E) In the upper wall of the right atrium

In the upper wall of the right atrium

Urine flows through the urinary system in which order? (A) Bladder, kidney, ureter, urethra, urethral meatus (B) Bladder, urethra, kidney, urethral meatus, ureter c Kidney, ureter,bladder,urethera, urethral meatus (D) Kidney, urethra, urethral meatus, bladder, ureter (E) Urethra, bladder, ureter, kidney, urethral meatus

Kidney, ureter,bladder,urethera, urethral meatus

Which of the following conditions is characterized by the presence of kidney stones (renal calculi)? (A) Glomerulonephritis (B) Interstitial nephritis (C) Nephrolithiasis (D) Polycystic kidney (E) Pyelonephritis

Nephrolithiasis

Which of the following cranial nerves is related to the sense of smell? (A) Abducens (B) Hypoglossal (C) Olfactory (D) Trochlear (E) Vagus

Olfactory

In the lungs, gas exchange occurs in tiny one-celled air sacs called (A) alveoli (B) bronchi (C) bronchioles (D) capillaries (E) pleurae

alveoli

The carotid pulse is located (A) in front of the ears and just above eye level (B) in the antecubital space (C) in the middle of the groin (D) on the anterior side of the neck (E) on the medial aspect of the wrist

anterior side of neck

Which of the following is flexible connective tissue that is attached to bones at the joints? (A) Adipose (B) Cartilage (C) Epithelial (D) Muscle (E) Nerve

cartliage

Exhaled air, when compared with inhaled air, contains more (A) carbon dioxide and less oxygen (B) nitrogen and less carbon dioxide (C) oxygen and less carbon dioxide (D) oxygen and less carbon monoxide (E) oxygen and less nitrogen

co2 and less o2

Which of the following is the body cavity that contains the pituitary gland? (A) Abdominal (B) Cranial (C) Pleural (D) Spinal (E) Thoracic

cranial

The anatomic location of the spinal canal is (A) caudal (B) dorsal (C) frontal (D) transverse (E) ventral

dorsal

Bile enters the gastrointestinal tract at the (A) gastroesophageal sphincter (B) duodenum (C) ileocecum (D) jejunum (E) pyloric sphincter

duodendum

Which of the following anatomical regions of abdomen lies just distal to the sternum? (A) Epigastric (B) Hypochondriac (C) Hypogastric (D) Lumbar (E) Umbilical

epigastric

Which of the following closes and seals off the lower airway during swallowing? (A) Alveoli (B) Epiglottis (C) Larynx (D) Uvula (E) Vocal cords

epiglottis

Each of the following mature cells has a nucleus EXCEPT (A) lymphocyte (B) monocyte (C) erythrocyte (D) basophil (E) neutrophil

erythrocyte

Which of the following is the large bone found superior to the patella and inferior to the ischium? (A) Calcaneus (B) Femur (C) Symphysis pubis (D) Tibia (E) Ulna

femur

Which of the following terms describes the motion of bending the forearm toward the body? (A) Abduction (B) Eversion (C) Flexion (D) Pronation (E) Supination

flexion

Which of the following organs removes bilirubin from the blood, manufactures plasma proteins, and is involved with the production of prothrombin and fibrinogen? (A) Gallbladder (B) Kidney (C) Liver (D) Spleen (E) Stomach

gallbladder

Which of the following conditions is characterized by incompetence of the esophageal sphincter? (A) Crohn's disease (B) Esophageal varices (C) Gastroesophageal reflux disease (D) Pyloric stenosis (E) Stomatitis

gerd

The cluster of blood capillaries found in each nephron is the (A) afferent arteriole (B) glomerulus (C) Loop of Henle (D) renal pelvis (E) renal tubule

glomerulus

Each of the following is a segment of the large intestine EXCEPT the (A) ascending colon (B) cecum (C) ileum (D) sigmoid colon (E) transverse colon

ileum

Which of the following is located beneath the diaphragm in the right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity? (A) Appendix (B) Kidney (C) Liver (D) Spleen (E) Stomach

liver

The physician directs the medical assistant to complete a request form for an x-ray study of the fibula. The procedure will be performed on which of the following structures? (A) Heel (B) Lower leg (C) Toes (D) Thigh (E) Pelvis

lower leg

Which of the following is a disorder characterized by uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep during the day? (A) Dyslexia (B) Epilepsy (C) Hydrocephalus (D) Narcolepsy (E) Shingles

narcolepsy

Each of the following is known to help prevent infection EXCEPT (A) hair in the nose (B) mucous membranes (C) osteoblasts (D) saliva (E) tears

osteoblasts

If the foot is abducted, it is moved in which direction? (A) Inward (B) Outward (C) Upward (D) Downward

outward

Each of the following is located in the mediastinum EXCEPT the (A) aorta (B) esophagus (C) heart (D) pancreas (E) trachea

pancreas

Which of the following is an accessory organ of the gastrointestinal system that is responsible for secreting insulin? (A) Adrenal gland (B) Gallbladder (C) Liver (D) Pancreas (E) Spleen

pancreas

The process whereby the stomach muscles contract to propel food through the digestive tract is called (A) absorption (B) emulsion (C) peristalsis (D) regurgitation (E) secretion

peristalsis

Which of the following is the master gland of the endocrine system? (A) Adrenal (B) Pancreas (C) Pineal (D) Pituitary (E) Thyroid

pituitary

In which of the following positions does a patient lie face down? (A) Dorsal (B) Erect (C) Lateral (D) Prone (E) Supine

prone

In men, which of the following structures is located at the neck of the bladder and surrounds the urethra? (A) Epididymis (B) Prostate (C) Scrotum (D) Seminal vesicle (E) Vas deferens

prostate

Blood flows from the right ventricle of the heart into the (A) inferior vena cava (B) left ventricle (C) pulmonary arteries (D) pulmonary veins (E) right atrium

pulmonary artetery

The thoracic cage is a structural unit important for (A) alimentation (B) menstruation (C) mentation (D) respiration (E) urination

respiration

A patient sustains severe blunt trauma to the left upper abdomen and requires surgery. The body organ most likely to be involved is the (A) appendix (B) gallbladder (C) pancreas (D) urinary bladder (E) spleen

spleen

Which of the following is the lymphoid organ that is a reservoir for red blood cells and filters organisms from the blood? (A) Appendix (B) Gallbladder (C) Pancreas (D) Spleen (E) Thymus

spleen

Saliva contains an enzyme that acts upon (A) starches (B) proteins (C) fats (D) minerals (E) vitamins

starches

Oxygenated blood is carried to the heart by the (A) aorta (B) carotid arteries (C) inferior vena cava (D) pulmonary veins (E) superior vena cava

superior vena cava

The point at which an impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another neuron is called the (A) dendrite (B) glial cell (C) nerve center (D) synapse (E) terminal plate

synapse

Male hormones are produced by which of the following? (A) Glans penis (B) Prepuce (C) Prostate (D) Testes (E) Vas deferens

testes

Which of the following cavities are separated by the diaphragm? (A) Abdominal and pelvic (B) Cranial and spinal (C) Dorsal and ventral (D) Pericardial and pleural (E) Thoracic and abdominal

thoracic and abdomenial

In men, specimens for gonococcal cultures are most commonly obtained from which of the following? (A) Anus (B) Bladder (C) Skin (D) Testicle (E) Urethra

urethra