Anatomy: Bones and Bone Markings
Vertebrae: Vertebral Arch
Composed of pedicles, laminae, and a spinous process, it represnts the junction of all posterior extensions from the vertebral body.
Sacrum
Composite of bone (fused by 5 vertebrae)
Ribs: True Ribs
Connect directly with the sternum
Sternum: Xiphoid Process
Constructs inferior end of the sternum
Vertebrae: Atlas
Lacks a body; contains large deep depressions on superior surfaces that recieve the occipital cndyles of the skull. (Allows you to nod "yes")
Vertebrae: Odontoid process (dens)
Large vertical process that serves as a pivot point
Vertebrae: Axis
Acts as a pivot for the rotations of the atlas (and skull above); bears odontoid process
Sacral Promontory
Anatomical landmark for obstetricians
Sternum: Sternal Angle
Area were Manubrium and body meet at a slight angle to each other
Sternum: Manubrium
Articulates with clavical laterally
Ribs: False Ribs
Attatch indirectly with the sternum
Sternum: Body (gladiolus)
Bulk of sternum
Sacral Hiatus
Enlarged opening near the coccyx
Sacral Foramina
Four rideges crossing the anterior part of the sacrum
Coccyx
Fusion of three to five irregular vertebrae. Attatched to sacrum
Body of Thoracic
Heart shaped; bears two costal demifacets
Spinous Process of Thoracic
Long; Sharp; Projects inferiorly
Body of Lumbar
Massive, Kidney-shaped
Vertebrae: Vertebral Foramen
Opening enclosed by the body and vertebral arch; a conduit for the spinal cord
Vertebral Foramen of Thoracic
Oval
Vertebrae: Superior and inferior articular processes
Paired projections lateral to the vertevral foramen that enable artiiculaton with adjacent vertebrae. The superior articular porcesses typically face toward the spinous pocess, whereas the inferior articular porcesses face away from the spinous process.
Sternum: Xiphisternal joint
Point where the sternal body and xiphoid porcess fuse
Meian Sacral Crest
Remnant of spinous processes of fused vertebrae
Vertebrae: Body
Rounded central portion of the vetebra, which faces anteriorly in the human vertebral column.
Spinous Process of Cervical
Short, Bifid; projects posteriorly
Spinous Process of Lumbar
Short; blunt; projects directly posteriorly
Vertebrae: Spinous Process
Single medial and posterior projection from the vertebral arch
Vertebrae: Costal Demifacets
Small articulating suraces on thoracic vertebrae Articulate with corresponding ribs
Body of Cervical
Small, wide side-to-side
Sternum: Jugular notch
Sternum landmark; at the level of the third thoracic vertebrae
Vertebrae: Intevertebral Foramina
The right and left pedicles have notches on their inferior and superior surfaces that create openings, the intervertebral foramina, for spinal nerves to leave the spinal cord between adjacent vertebrae.
Vertebral Foramen of Cervical
Triangular
Vertebral Foramen of Lumbar
Triangular
Vertebrae: Transverse Process
Two lateral projections from the vertebral arch.
Sacral Canal
Vertebral canal
Vertebrae: Vertebra prominens
Visible vertebrae through the skin
Alae
Wing-like fusion of transverse processes; articulate with hip bones