Anatomy CH 1
The linings of both the oral and nasal cavities are A) mucous membranes. B) serous membranes. C) lymphoid tissues. D) contractile tissues. E) sheets of tendon.
A
Which of the following organs occupies the pericardial cavity? A) trachea B) heart C) lungs D) esophagus E) thyroid gland
B
In the prone position, A) the body faces posteriorly. B) the body is lying in anatomical position face up. C) the body is lying in anatomical position face down. D) the head is turned to the left, and the eyes are closed. E) the body is situated facing posteriorly and the eyes are open.
C) the body is lying in anatomical position face down.
The viscera (or guts) occupy a space known as the ________ body cavity. A) cranial B) orbital C) dorsal D) ventral E) vertebral
D
Cranial refers to toward the head.
T
The hips are ________, or inferior, to the shoulders.
caudal
The study of the smallest living units is called ________.
cytology
The ________ separates the thoracic from the abdominal cavity.
diaphragm
The process of cellular specialization to perform certain functions is called ________.
differentiation
The study of anatomy leads to an important concept that structure determines ________.
function
The hip is ________ to the knee.
proximal .
More than one ________ combines to increase complexity and promote the level of organization to the organ level.
tissue
Mesenteries A) provide a passageway for blood vessels to the abdominal organs. B) allow movement of abdominal structures. C) support and stabilize organs such as the kidneys. D) All of the answers are correct. E) None of the answers are correct.
A
The pericardial cavity contains which of the following? A) heart B) liver C) intestines D) brain E) both the heart and the liver
A
The space found between the lungs and superior to the heart is called the A) mediastinum. B) pleural cavity. C) pericardial cavity. D) pelvic cavity. E) thoracic cavity.
A
What is the function of the parietal parts of the membranes lining the body cavities? A) They secrete lubrication to allow organs to slide by one another without friction. B) They supply nutrients to the viscera within the various subdivisions of the cavity. C) They suspend organs from the mediastinum. D) They maintain organ separation. E) None of the answers are correct.
A
Why does the term caudal differ in meaning in humans versus four-legged animals (quadrupeds)? A) All human anatomical terms are different from those used for quadrupeds. B) Humans' upright stance makes caudal the same as inferior. C) Caudal is a relative term, meaning posterior in humans. D) It doesn't; the meaning is the same in both. E) None of the answers are correct.
B
Which of the following statements about anatomical information is correct? A) Anatomic information is all historical. B) It describes body parts and considers probable function. C) It addresses large body structures visible to the naked eye only. D) Physiology and anatomy are unrelated. E) The study of cells is useless to anatomy.
B) It describes body parts and considers probable function.
Which is the most accurate statement? A) Historically, the relationship between superficial anatomy and internal function has always been understood. B) Many cellular functions were known decades before the electron microscope revealed the anatomical basis for those functions. C) Anatomy has always been known to reveal the relationship between body parts. D) Ancient anatomists only described surface anatomy. E) Ancient anatomists never understood the function of anatomical features.
B) Many cellular functions were known decades before the electron microscope revealed the anatomical basis for those functions.
The two layers of a serous membrane are A) pericardial and parietal. B) double sheets of peritoneum. C) visceral and parietal. D) pleural and parietal. E) internal and external.
C
Which of the following includes only structures enclosed within the mediastinum? A) lungs, esophagus, heart B) heart, trachea, lungs C) esophagus, trachea, thymus D) pharynx, thymus, major vessels E) brain, spinal cord
C
Choose the arrangement of items 1-5 from most to least complex. (1) organism (2) tissue (3) chemical or molecular (4) cellular (5) organ system
C) 1, 5, 2, 4, 3
In anatomical position, a person stands with the legs together and the feet flat on the floor. Additionally, the A) hands are raised above the head. B) hands are facing posteriorly. C) the hands a hanging naturally at the persons sides. D) hands are at the sides, and the palms face anteriorly. E) hands are facing laterally.
D
Which of the following are basic functions performed by all living organisms? A) responsiveness and growth B) movement, reproduction, and absorption C) metabolism and excretion D) All of the answers are correct. E) None of the answers are correct.
D
Excretion involves A) changes to adjust to an organism's environment. B) creation of a new generation of individuals. C) transport of substances within an organism. D) elimination of waste materials from the body. E) locomotion of the body.
D) elimination of waste materials from the body.
A transverse section at the level of the nipple would pass through which body cavity(ies)? A) pleural cavities B) pericardial cavity C) abdominal cavity D) pelvic cavity E) both the pleural cavities and the pericardial cavity
E
Growth and differentiation often include A) specialization of individual cells. B) increase in cell size. C) increase in cell numbers. D) changes in form and function. E) All of the answers are correct.
E
Organs systems are A) anatomical units with related functions. B) formed by two or more organs. C) often large enough to be studied without magnification. D) interdependent on each other. E) All of the answers are correct.
E
The basic functions performed by all living organisms include(s) A) reproduction. B) metabolism. C) growth. D) movement. E) All of the answers are correct.
E
Which of the following is considered a radiological procedure? A) CT (computerized tomography) B) MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) C) ultrasound D) angiography E) All of the answers are correct.
E
Which of the following pairs consists of anatomical equivalents? A) distal, coronal B) proximal, lateral C) cranial, caudal D) cephalic, posterior E) anterior, ventral
E
It is important to study the discipline of anatomy because A) it is important to understand the link between human structure and function. B) it provides information about both external and internal structures. C) it will assist individuals to make informed decisions about their personal health. D) it provides a basis for understanding more advanced courses in anatomy, physiology, and related disciplines. E) All of the answers are correct.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Atoms interacting to form components with distinctive properties in the body show organization at the tissue level.
F
Gross anatomy uses magnification in order to better visualize structures.
F
Interactions among organ systems demonstrate function at the organ level.
F
Multiple tissues that interact to perform a united group of functions show organization at the organismal level.
F
Popliteal means foot.
F
Posterior and ventral mean the same thing.
F
Proximal refers to a structure found away from an attached base.
F
Specialized cell types united to perform a distinctive group of shared functions show organization at the chemical level.
F
The study of structures that are able to be seen without magnification is called cytology.
F
Organs such as the liver, stomach, and pancreas are located within the ________ cavity, superior to the level of the pelvis.
abdominal
The study of external and internal structures and the physical relationships between body parts is ________.
anatomy
The anatomical name for the front of the elbow is ________.
antecubitus
A frontal section is in a plane that A) is at right angles to the longitudinal axis. B) divides the body into left and right sections. C) divides the body into anterior and posterior sections. D) divides the body into superior and inferior sections. E) divides the body into frontal sections.
c
The serous membrane that lines the inside surface of the thoracic cavity is the A) visceral peritoneum. B) parietal pericardium. C) parietal pleura. D) visceral pericardium. E) None of the answers are correct.
c
The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by A) the inferior border of the rib cage. B) a sheet of connective tissue. C) the diaphragm. D) the liver. E) None of the answers are correct.
c
The respiratory system makes it possible for the body to conduct gas exchange; this process is also facilitated by the ________ system, which transports the gasses through the body.
cardiovascular
Study of the changes in form that occur during the period from conception to physical maturity is called ________ anatomy.
developmental
The ________ system breaks chemicals down and absorbs them into the body.
digestive
A failure to maintain homeostatic conditions in the body is known as ________.
disease
The ________ lines the body wall within the abdominopelvic cavity. A) visceral pleura B) parietal pericardium C) mesentery proper D) superficial fascia E) parietal peritoneum
e
Buttock refers to the portion of the body you sit on.
T
Cellular structures and functions focus attention at the cellular level.
T
Developmental anatomy refers to the study of body changes over time.
T
Manus means hand.
T
Mental refers to the chin.
T
Radiographic anatomy uses radioisotopes, ultrasounds, and X-rays.
T
Superior means the same as cranial in humans.
T
The anatomical term for ankle is tarsus.
T
The approach used to study of all structure in an area is called regional anatomy.
T
The term to describe "away from the midline" is lateral.
T
The ________ system contains glandular structures that direct long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems.
endocrine
The ________ abdominopelvic region is sandwiched between the right and lef hypochondriac regions.
epigastric
The property of living organisms whereby they discharge useless or harmful wastes produced during normal function is called ________.
excretion
The consideration of anatomical structures large enough to be viewed by the naked eye is called ________ anatomy.
gross
The discipline that might examine structural interactions within a sheet of muscle tissue is called ________.
histology
Analysis of groups of specialized cells and cell products that work together is called A) cytology. B) physiology. C) histology. D) embryology. E) osteology.
histology.
The branch of science that studies groups of cells and how they work together is called A) physiology. B) histology. C) anatomy. D) serology. E) None of the answers are correct.
histology.
The abdominopelvic regions located where the body attaches to the lower limbs are called the right and left ________ regions.
inguinal
The major function of the ________ system is protection of the body from the external environment. A) digestive B) cardiovascular C) urinary D) respiratory E) integumentary
integumentary
Pain originating from the spleen would most likely be felt in the ________ abdominopelvic quadrant.
left upper
`A midsagittal section divides the human body into equal ________ and ________ portions.
left; right
Heart is to pericardial cavity as ________ is to pleural cavity.
lung
The pericardium lies within the ________, a portion of the thoracic cavity that lies between the left and right pleural cavities.
mediastinum
The branch of anatomy that studies structures too small to be seen with the naked eye is called ________ anatomy.
microscopic
The property of living things to change position is called ________.
movement
Directing immediate responses to stimuli, usually by coordinating the activities of other organ systems is the function of the A) integumentary system. B) endocrine system. C) urinary system. D) nervous system. E) reproductive system.
nervous system.
The inability of the heart to contract due to compression of surrounding fluid on the outside of the heart most directly involves which level of organization of body structures? A) chemical B) tissue C) organ D) cellular E) organism
organ
Damage to body structures at any level would most impair function at the highest, or ________, level of organization.
organism
The largest level of organization listed is A) molecules. B) organelles. C) cells. D) tissues. E) organs.
organs.
The bladder is located in the ________ cavity.
pelvic
Most of the digestive organs are contained within the ________ cavity, which is named for the membrane that surrounds it.
peritoneal
The study of structures through specialized imaging techniques such as ultrasounds or x-rays is called A) cytology. B) embryology. C) physiology. D) histology. E) radiography.
radiography.
Which type of anatomy refers to the study of all of the structures in a specific area of the body? A) surface anatomy B) regional anatomy C) systemic anatomy D) gross anatomy E) organismal anatomy
regional anatomy
The process of producing a new organism is referred to as ________.
reproduction
The ________ system allows for gas exchange with the environment.
respiratory
A basic function of a living organism that governs how the individual reacts to stimuli is called ________.
responsiveness
The vital property of living things that causes them to take certain actions in response to change is called A) movement. B) growth. C) responsiveness. D) metabolism. E) excretion.
responsiveness.
The primary site of blood cell production is within the A) cardiovascular system. B) skeletal system. C) integumentary system. D) lymphoid system. E) endocrine system.
skeletal system
Support, protection, mineral storage, and blood cell formation are functions of the A) skeletal system. B) cardiovascular system. C) immune system. D) reproductive system. E) excretory system.
skeletal system.
The nipple is ________ and ________ to the umbilicus.
superior; lateral
The calf is more appropriately called the ________
sura
Study of general form and superficial anatomical markings is called ________ anatomy.
surface
The anatomical specialty that refers to the study of general form and superficial anatomical markings is called A) surface anatomy. B) comparative anatomy. C) medical anatomy. D) surgical anatomy. E) systemic anatomy.
surface anatomy.
The study of the heart, blood, and blood vessels is which of the following approaches? A) systemic anatomy B) regional anatomy C) developmental anatomy D) comparative anatomy E) gross anatomy
systemic anatomy
A ________ plane is a horizontal or cross-sectional plane intersecting the human body at right angles to the long axis.
transverse
A ________ section is produced if the body is separated into top and bottom portions.
transverse
Organs of the urinary system include A) ureters and kidneys. B) liver and pancreas. C) thymus and spleen. D) bronchi and alveoli. E) None of the answers are correct.
ureters and kidneys.
The ________ layer of the serous membrane is attached to the surfaces of organs in the body cavities.
visceral
The outer surfaces of each lung are covered by the ________ pleura.
visceral
Gross anatomical specialties include A) radiographic and surgical anatomy. B) cytology and embryology. C) histology. D) radiographic anatomy, surgical anatomy, cytology and embryology. E) cytology, histology and embryology.
A) radiographic and surgical anatomy.
