Anatomy. Chapter 1. Atlas A.

Mesentery

The visceral peritoneum where it forms a translucent, membranous curtain suspending and anchoring the viscera.

Mediastinum

Thick wall that divides the thoracic cavity. It is the region between the longs, extending from the base of the neck to the diaphragm. It is occupied by the heart, the major blood vessels connected to it, the esophagus, the trachea and bronchi, and a gland called the thymus.

In which area do you think pain from the gallbladder would be felt? a. umbilical region b. RUQ c. Hypogastric Region d. Left Hypochondriac Region e. LLQ

b. RUQ

Which of the following is NOT an essential part of the anatomical position? a. feet together b. feet flat on the floor c. palms forward d. mouth closed e. arms down to the sides

d. mouths closed

The greater omentum is _______ o the small intestine. a. posterior b. parietal c. deep d. superficial e. proximal

d. superficial

Which organ regulates blood volume, controls acid-base balance, and stimulates red blood cell production? a. digestive system b. lymphatic system c. nervous system d.urinary system e. circulatory system

d. urinary system

Anatomical Position

That of a person standing upright with the feet flat on the floor, arms at the sides, and the palms and face directed forward.

Diaphragm

A body partition of muscle and connective tissue. It separates the chest and abdominal cavities

Greater Omentum

A fatty membrane which hangs like an apron from the inferolateral margin of the stomach and overlies the intestines. It is unattached at its inferior border and can be lifted to reveal the intestines.

Thoracic Cavity

AKA chest cavity, is the chamber of the body of vertebrates that is protected by the thoracic wall

Superior

Above

Lateral

Away from the median plane

Inferior

Below

Pelvic Cavity

Body cavity that is bounded by the bones of the pelvis.

Appendicular Region

Consists of the upper and lower limbs.

Abdominal Cavity

Contains a number of crucial organs including the lower part of the esophagus, the stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, and bladder. Consists of the abdominal cavity superiorly and the pelvic cavity inferiorly.

Pluera

Each lung is enfolded by this serous membrane, and has visceral and parietal layers.

Lesser Omentum

Extends from the superomedial margin of the stomach to the liver.

Frontal/Coronal Plane

Extends vertically, and is perpendicular to the sagittal plane and divides the body into front and back portions.

Prone

Face down

Deep

Farther from the body surface

Serosa

Forms at points where the visceral peritoneum enfolds and covers the outer surfaces of organs, such as the small intestine.

Visceral Pluera

Forms the external surface of the lung

Which (3) systems provide protection, support, and movement?

Integumentary Skeletal Muscular

Lumen

Internal cavity of the uterus.

Viscera

Internal organs enclosed in the body cavities.

Parietal Pleura

Lines the inside of the rib cage.

Visceral Peritoneum

Located along the mid-line, this layer is transformed from the parietal peritoneum as it turns inward. It suspends certain abdominal viscera from the body wall, covering their outer surfaces, and holding them in place.

Extremities

Lower limbs. Includes the thigh(femoral region), leg(crural region), ankle(tarsal region), foot(pedal region), and toes(digits).

Peritoneal Fluid

Lubricates the peritoneal cavity.

Supine

Lying face up

What are the (2) systems of reproduction?

Male Reproductive Female Reproductive

Pleural Cavity

Narrow space between the visceral and parietal pleura. It is lubricated by pleural fluid.

Which (2) systems are systems of internal communication and integration?

Nervous Endocrine

Contralateral

On opposite sides of the body

Ipsilateral

On the same side of the body

Parietal Peritoneum

Outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the cavity wall.

Transverse/Horizontal Plane

Passes across the body or an organ perpendicular to its long axis; it divides the body into upper and lower portions.

Sagittal Plane

Passes vertically through the body or an organ and divides it into right and left portions.

What are the (3) systems of intake and output?

Respiratory Urinary Digestive

What are the four different regions of the abdomen?

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

Coelom

Space that forms within the trunk during embryonic development

Potential Spaces

Spaces between body membranes, so named because there are firmly pressed together and there is no actual space between them. The membranes are not physically attached, however, and under unusual conditions, they may separate and create a space filled with fluid or other matter. Thus, there is no actual space, but only a potential for membranes to separate and create one.

Posterior Mesentery

Suspends the intestines from the posterior(dorsal) abdominal wall.

Visceral Pericardium

The inner layer of the pericardium that forms the surface of the heart.

Parietal Pericardium/Pericardial Sac

The outer layer of the pericardium that is separated from the visceral pericardium by the pericardial cavity, which is lubricated by the pericardial fluid.

Mesocolon

The posterior mesentery of the large intestine

Median/Midsagittal Plane

The sagittal plane that divides the body or an organ into equal halves.

Peritoneal Cavity

The space between the parietal and visceral layers. It is lubricated by peritoneal fluid.

Meninges

Three layers of membrane that lines the vertebral canal and the cranial cavity.

Dorsal

Toward the back or spine

Posterior

Toward the dorsal side (behind)

Rostral

Toward the forehead or nose

Ventral

Toward the front or belly

Cephalic

Toward the head or superior end

Medial

Toward the median plane

T or F? The knee is both superior and proximal to the tarsal region.

True

Appendages

Upper limbs, includes the arm(brachial region), forearm(antebrachial region), wrist(carpal region), hand(manual region), and fingers(digits)

Enclosed by the vertebral column(spine), and contains the spinal cord.

Vertebral Canal

Parasagittal Planes

When sagittal planes off center, that divide the body into unequal right and left portions.

Directional Terms

Words that describe the location of one structure relative to another

A ring-shaped section of the small intestine would be a ____ section? a. sagittal b. coronal c. transverse d. frontal e. median

c. transverse

The manus is more commonly known as the _____ and the pes if more commonly known as the ________.

hand, foot

The pelvic cavity can be described as ______ to the abdominal cavity in position.

inferior

The sternal region is _______ to the pectoral region.

medial

The right and left pleural cavities are separated by a thick wall called the _______.

mediastinum

The back of the neck is the ______ region.

nuchal

The superficial layer of the pleura is called the ______ pleura.

parietal

Organs that lie within the abdominal cavity, but not within the peritoneal cavity are said to have a _______ position.

retroperitoneal

The cranial cavity is lined by membranes called the ______.

meninges

The translucent membranes that suspend the intestines and hold them in place are called ______.

mesenteries

The ____ region is immediately medial to the coxal region. a. inguinal b. hypochondriac c. umbilical d. popliteal e. cubital

a. inguinal

Which of these organs is within the peritoneal cavity? a. urinary bladder b. kidneys c. heart d. liver e. brain

d. brain

Pericardium

A two-layer membrane that the heart is enfolded in.

Peritoneum

A two-layered serous membrane in the abdominopelvic cavity.

Which (2) systems are related to fluid transport?

Circulatory Lymphatic

Superficial

Closer to the body surface

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment or origin

Axial Region

Consists of the head, neck(cervical region), and trunk. The trunk is further divided into the thoracic region above the diaphragm and the abdominal region below it.

Enclosed by the cranium and contains the brain.

Cranial Cavity

T or F? The diaphragm is posterior to the lungs.

False. The diaphragm is inferior to the lungs.

T or F? The esophagus is inferior to the stomach.

False. The esophagus is superior to the stomach.

T or F? The liver is in the lumbar region.

False. The liver extends from the hypochondriac to the epigastric region, superior to the lumbar region.

T or F? The peritoneum lines the inside of the stomach and intestines.

False. The peritoneum lines the outside of the stomach and intestines.

T or F? The sigmoid colon is in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen.

False. The sigmoid colon is in the lower left quadrant.

Distal

Farther from the point of attachment or origin

A _____ line passes through the sternum, umbilicus, and mons pubis. a. central b. proximal c. midclavicular d. midsagittal e. intertubercular

d. midsagittal

Which of the following regions is not part of the upper limb? a. plantar b. carpal c. cubital d. brachial e. palmar

a. plantar

Caudal

Toward the tail or inferior end

Anterior

Toward the ventral side

T or F? A single sagittal section of the body can pass through one lung, but not through both.

True

T or F? Both kidneys could be shown in a single coronal section of the body.

True

T or F? It would be possible to see both eyes in one frontal section of the head.

True

T or F? The heart is in the mediastinum.

True

The anterior pit of the elbow is the ______ region, and the corresponding (but posterior) pit of the knee is the ______ region.

cubital, popliteal

The tarsal region is ______ to the popliteal region. a. medial b. superficial c. superior d. dorsal e. distal

e. distal