Anatomy Chapter 12

Troublesome small molecules or incomplete antigens that may mount an attack that is harmful rather than protective are called ________

haptens

AIDS cripples the immune system by interfering with the activity of cells called ________.

helper T cells

The binding of complement proteins to certain sugar or proteins on a foreign cell's surface is called ________.

complement fixation

Killer T cells, which kill virus-invaded body cells, are also called ________.

cytotoxic T cells

Large antigen-antibody complexes can become insoluble and settle out of solution, a reaction called ________.

precipitation

Which lymphatic organ's major job is to destroy worn-out red blood cells and return some of the products to the liver?

spleen

Which one of the following is NOT a mechanism that aids lymph return to the heart?

the pumping action of the heart

The lymphoid tissues that trap and remove bacteria that enter the throat are indicated by ________.

Label A

The tonsils are indicated by

Label A

The thymus is indicated by

Label B

The lymphoid organ that destroys worn-out blood cells is indicated by

Label C

The spleen is indicated by _______.

Label C

The Peyer's patches are indicated by

Label D

T cells or B cells that are capable of responding to a specific antigen by binding to it with antigen-specific receptors that appear on the lymphocyte's surface are considered ________.

immunocompetent

Bacteria and tumor cells are removed from lymph by ________.

lymph nodes

The third line of defense involves the adaptive response mediated by ________.

lymphocytes

Antigen-presenting cells behave as ________.

macrophages

Antibodies provided by serum from an immune donor or an animal donor do not challenge the B cells and thus provide ________.

passive immunity

Harmful or disease-causing microorganisms from which nonspecific defenses protect the body are called ________.

pathogens

The right lymphatic duct collects lymph from the ________.

right arm

Lymph is largely composed of water that has escaped from ________.

blood

Excess accumulation of fluid, which impairs the exchange of materials within the tissues, is called ________.

edema

The role of the ________ is to trap and remove bacteria or other foreign pathogens entering the throat.

tonsils

Which lymphoid tissues trap and remove bacteria entering the throat?

tonsils

Systemic (body-wide) acute allergic response caused by allergens that directly enter the blood, as with certain bee stings or spider bites, is called ________.

anaphylactic shock

A(n) ________ is any substance capable of mobilizing our immune system and provoking an immune response.

antigen

The major role of ________ cells is to engulf antigens and present pieces of them to the cells that will deal with those fragments.

antigen-presenting

Lymph fluid and some plasma proteins originate (escape) from the ________.

blood

Active immunity to tetanus, whooping cough, and polio can be artificially acquired when we receive ________.

vaccines

The region of the antibody that varies from antibody to antibody is called the ________ region.

variable or V

Tissue grafts harvested from a different animal species are known as ________.

xenografts

Peyer's patches and the tonsils are part of the collection of small lymphoid tissues that protect the upper respiratory and digestive tracts from infection and are referred to as ________.

MALT or mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue

Redness, heat, swelling, and pain are the four most common indicators of ________.

acute inflammation

Small proteins known as ________ are secreted by virus-infected cells to help defend cells that have not yet been infected.

interferons

The adaptive (specific) defense system ________.

issues an attack specific to particular foreign substances