Anatomy Chapter 16

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trachea is maintained in an open position by

cartilaginous rings

the rate at which a gas diffuses from one areas to another is determined by differences in

concentration in two different areas

inspiration occurs after the diaphragm ? thus increasing the size of the ? and decreasing the ? within the thorax

contracts, thorax, pressure

the neurons most important in stimulating the diaphragm are located in the

dorsal respiratory group

the force responsible for expiration comes mainly from

elastic recoil of tissues in the lung and thoracic wall

the force responsible for normal expiration comes mainly from

elastic recoil of tissues in the lung and thoracic wall

cric

ring

the air that enters and leaves the lungs during one quiet resting respiratory cycle in call the

tidal volume

the amount of air that enters and leaves the lungs during a normal, quiet respiration is the

tidal volume

the smallest branches of the bronchial tree are the

alveolar ducts

the respitory membrane consists of a single layer of epithelial cells and basement membrane between a

alveolus and capillary

the largest amount of carbon dioxide is transported

as a bicarbonate

where is the pharynx located

behind the mouth extending from the oral cavity to the esophagus

oxyhemoglobin forms when

binds to hemoglobin

hem

blood

primary cancers of the lung usually arise in the

bronchial epithelium

the respiratory areas respond to concentrations of

carbon dioxide

the strongest stimulus to increase respiratory rate and depth is to increase the blood concentration of

carbon dioxide

the disease that results in decreased surface area of the respiratory membrane and loss of elasticity in the alveolar walls is

emphysema

the right and left bronchi arise from the trachea at the

fifth thoracic vertebrae

portions of the larynx that prevent foreign objects form entering the trachea

glottis and epiglottis

carbon dioxide can be carried by

hemoglobin

the other muscles that normally act to change the size of the thorax is

intercostals

oxygen is transported to cells by combining with

iron atoms of hemoglobin

the pressure in the thoracic cavity during inspiration is

less than atmospheric pressure

cilia does what

moves nasal secretions to the pharynx

normal breathing is controlled by the respiratory center located in the

medulla oblongata

the most abundant gas in room air is

nitrogen

the serous membrane covering the inner wall for the thoracic cavity is the

parietal pleura

the pressure of each gas within a mixture is known as its

parietal pressure

the walls of the alveoli contain

simple squamous epithelium

alveol

small cavity

the inflation reflex is activated by

stretch receptors in the bronchioles and alveoli

the inflation reflexes are activated by

stretch receptors in the bronchioles and alveoli

nasal conchae, found on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity, increases the

surface area of nasal mucus membrane

the surface tension of fluid in the alveoli is decreased by the secretion ? which prevents collapse of the alveoli

surfactant

surface tension in the pleural cavity is maintained by

the attritions of water molecules in pleural fluid

which lung is larger

the right is larger than the left

expansion of the lungs during inspiration is assisted by the surface tension of fluid in the

thoracic pleural

mucus does what?

traps particulate matter in the air, and prevents infection

epi

upon

the serous membrane covering the lungs is the

visceral pleura

the mucous membrane does what

warms incoming air ,and moistens the air

bronch

wind pipe


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