Anatomy Chapter 16
trachea is maintained in an open position by
cartilaginous rings
the rate at which a gas diffuses from one areas to another is determined by differences in
concentration in two different areas
inspiration occurs after the diaphragm ? thus increasing the size of the ? and decreasing the ? within the thorax
contracts, thorax, pressure
the neurons most important in stimulating the diaphragm are located in the
dorsal respiratory group
the force responsible for expiration comes mainly from
elastic recoil of tissues in the lung and thoracic wall
the force responsible for normal expiration comes mainly from
elastic recoil of tissues in the lung and thoracic wall
cric
ring
the air that enters and leaves the lungs during one quiet resting respiratory cycle in call the
tidal volume
the amount of air that enters and leaves the lungs during a normal, quiet respiration is the
tidal volume
the smallest branches of the bronchial tree are the
alveolar ducts
the respitory membrane consists of a single layer of epithelial cells and basement membrane between a
alveolus and capillary
the largest amount of carbon dioxide is transported
as a bicarbonate
where is the pharynx located
behind the mouth extending from the oral cavity to the esophagus
oxyhemoglobin forms when
binds to hemoglobin
hem
blood
primary cancers of the lung usually arise in the
bronchial epithelium
the respiratory areas respond to concentrations of
carbon dioxide
the strongest stimulus to increase respiratory rate and depth is to increase the blood concentration of
carbon dioxide
the disease that results in decreased surface area of the respiratory membrane and loss of elasticity in the alveolar walls is
emphysema
the right and left bronchi arise from the trachea at the
fifth thoracic vertebrae
portions of the larynx that prevent foreign objects form entering the trachea
glottis and epiglottis
carbon dioxide can be carried by
hemoglobin
the other muscles that normally act to change the size of the thorax is
intercostals
oxygen is transported to cells by combining with
iron atoms of hemoglobin
the pressure in the thoracic cavity during inspiration is
less than atmospheric pressure
cilia does what
moves nasal secretions to the pharynx
normal breathing is controlled by the respiratory center located in the
medulla oblongata
the most abundant gas in room air is
nitrogen
the serous membrane covering the inner wall for the thoracic cavity is the
parietal pleura
the pressure of each gas within a mixture is known as its
parietal pressure
the walls of the alveoli contain
simple squamous epithelium
alveol
small cavity
the inflation reflex is activated by
stretch receptors in the bronchioles and alveoli
the inflation reflexes are activated by
stretch receptors in the bronchioles and alveoli
nasal conchae, found on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity, increases the
surface area of nasal mucus membrane
the surface tension of fluid in the alveoli is decreased by the secretion ? which prevents collapse of the alveoli
surfactant
surface tension in the pleural cavity is maintained by
the attritions of water molecules in pleural fluid
which lung is larger
the right is larger than the left
expansion of the lungs during inspiration is assisted by the surface tension of fluid in the
thoracic pleural
mucus does what?
traps particulate matter in the air, and prevents infection
epi
upon
the serous membrane covering the lungs is the
visceral pleura
the mucous membrane does what
warms incoming air ,and moistens the air
bronch
wind pipe
