Anatomy Chapter 19 Answers Only

Which of the following organs secrete hormones? (1) pancreas (2) liver (3) brain (4) suprarenal cortex (5) suprarenal medulla (6) thymus (7) ovary (8) testis (9) thyroid gland (10) pineal gland

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10

The two hormones released by the neurohypophysis are

ADH and oxytocin.

Calcitriol is

All of the answers are correct.

Hormones influence cellular operations by changing which of the following features of cytoplasmic enzymes?

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following is true of the suprarenal cortex?

All of the answers are correct.

Hypothalamic centers regulate nervous and endocrine system activities by

All the answers are correct

All endocrine structures develop from ________ tissue.

Epithelial

________ promotes the development of oocytes (female gametes) within the ovaries of mature women. (Note: Be sure to capitalize the first letter of your answer).

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A high metabolic rate and elevated body temperature are symptoms of the thyroid disorder known as ________.

Graves' disease

Which of the following results from the overproduction of thyroid hormone?

Graves' disease

________ induces ovulation in females and production of androgens (testosterone) in males. (Note: Be sure to capitalize the first letter of your answer).

Luteinizing hormone

Hormones can alter cellular operations by changing

None of the answers are correct

Subcutaneous swelling, dry skin, hair loss, low body temperature, muscular weakness, and slowed reflexes are symptoms of

None of the answers are correct.

What organ(s) is(are) nervous in structure but endocrine in function?

Posterior pituitary

Which of the following is (are) unique to the suprarenal medullae?

The systemic effects of the suprarenal medulla are long lasting.

How do the cells of the suprarenal medulla differ from other glandular cells?

They form from modified sympathetic ganglionic neurons.

Which of the following describes the function of C cells?

They produce the hormone calcitonin.

Diabetes insipidus is caused by

a decrease of ADH.

The conditions of polyuria, low blood volume, and high blood potassium concentrations result from the underproduction of

aldosterone

Which of the following is (are) a mineralocorticoid?

aldosterone

The zona reticularis of the suprarenal cortex secretes ________.

androgens

The zona reticularis releases very small amounts of

androgens

Converted to its active form in the lung capillaries, the hormone ________ stimulates the suprarenal production of aldosterone.

angiotensin II

Another name for the adenohypophysis is

anterior lobe.

Which of the following cell types produces insulin?

beta cells

The chief cells of the parathyroid gland monitor

blood calcium levels.

Which hormone decreases the concentration of calcium ions in body fluids?

calcitonin

The steroid hormone produced by the kidneys in response to the presence of PTH is ________.

calcitriol

Amino acid derivative hormones and closely related compounds are structurally similar to individual amino acids, and include

catecholamines and thyroid hormones.

A lipid that has been implicated in causing heart and blood vessel problems, but is necessary for the production of corticosteroids, is

cholesterol

Damage to the zona fasciculata of the suprarenal cortex would result in

decreased ability to synthesize glucose.

Inhibiting hormones (IH) directly cause

decreased secretion from the anterior pituitary.

All cellular activities and metabolic reactions are controlled by ________.

enzymes

A kidney hormone that stimulates red blood cell production by the bone marrow is

erythropoietin

The hormone most important in supporting the maturation of the oocyte and growth of the uterine lining is

estradiol

The main hormone(s) secreted by the female ovaries include

estrogens

ACTH affects the adenoids.

false

Chemosensitive control of endocrine function is regulated by changes in extracellular fluid.

false

Epinephrine is released for the posterior pituitary gland.

false

FSH affects fat tissue.

false

Growth hormone is released from the suprarenal cortex.

false

Negative feedback rushes to a process to completion.

false

Oxytocin is released from the anterior pituitary gland.

false

TSH affects the thymus.

false

The hormone glucagon is secreted by G-cells.

false

The hormone somatostatin is secreted by beta cells.

false

The primary hormones secreted by the zona fasciculata of the suprarenal cortex are collectively known as the ________.

glucocorticoids

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) causes the release of

glucocorticoids by the suprarenal cortex.

An enlarged thyroid gland associated with thyroid hyposecretion is called a ________.

goiter

The only hormone to target all cells to some degree is

growth hormone (GH).

Negative feedback on a releasing hormone by the presence of a peripheral hormone is an example of which type of endocrine reflex?

hormonal

Changes in the composition of extracellular fluid are called

humoral stimuli.

The production of hormones in the anterior pituitary is controlled by the ________ as well as by feedback from the target organs.

hypothalamus

The ________ extends from the hypothalamus inferiorly to the posterior and superior surfaces of the pituitary gland.

infundibulum

Sustentacular cells, which help support sperm development, release the hormone

inhibin

The secretion of ________ by nurse cells suppresses FSH release from the anterior pituitary.

inhibin

The testis in the male produces androgens in (the)

interstitial cells.

The lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by the

isthmus

The targets for PTH can be found in the

kidneys and the bones.

The thyroid gland is located just inferior to the

larynx

Which hormone stimulates ovulation and the secretion of progesterone by ovarian cells?

luteinizing hormone (LH)

The only hormone released by the pars intermedia of the pituitary is ________.

melanocyte-stimulating hormone

The most important hormone produced by the pineal gland is

melatonin

The cells of the endocrine and nervous systems work together to

monitor and adjust physiological activities in the body at any given moment.

Decreased levels of parathyroid hormone could result in

muscle weakness.

Most endocrine reflexes are controlled by

negative feedback.

ADH and oxytocin are called ________ because they are produced and secreted by neurons.

neurosecretions

Gigantism and acromegaly occur as a result of

overproduction of growth hormone.

Stretch of the uterus causes the posterior lobe of the pituitary to release

oxytocin (OT).

About 1 percent of the pancreas is located in structures known as

pancreatic islets.

The hormone that acts to oppose the effects of calcitonin is

parathyroid hormone.

The anterior pituitary can be divided into three regions:

pars distalis, pars tuberalis, and pars intermedia.

The veins that link two capillary systems are called ________.

portal systems

The ________ are the small cells that secrete parathyroid hormone.

principal or chief cells

The hypophyseal portal system allows

regulating hormones to go directly from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary.

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback?

release of oxytocin in response to smooth muscle contraction in the uterus

An enzyme produced by the kidneys that is important for the regulation of blood pressure and blood volume is

renin

The hormones released by the gonads belong to a class of compounds called ________.

steroids

ADH is manufactured by the

supraoptic nucleus.

The ________ is firmly attached to the superior border of the kidney.

suprarenal gland

Special neural cells develop into the

suprarenal medulla.

Hormones released into the interstitial fluid by the anterior pituitary enter the circulation easily because

the adjacent capillaries are fenestrated to permit passage of large molecules into the circulation.

Early menopause in women will occur if

the production of estrogens declines too much to support ovulation.

Which gland stores its hormone extracellularly?

thyroid

Myxedema and cretinism can result from the underproduction of

thyroxine

Which of the following hormones contains iodine in its structure?

thyroxine

The zona glomerulosa is so named because its glandular cells are arranged as

tight clusters of cells.

ADH affects the kidneys.

true

Aldosterone is released from the suprarenal cortex.

true

Epinephrine is secreted in greater amounts than norepinephrine in the adrenal medulla.

true

Hormonal control of endocrine function is determined by other hormones.

true

Insulin is secreted by beta cells.

true

Neural control of endocrine function is determined by the arrival of neurotransmitter at a neuroglandular synapse.

true

Oxytocin (OT) affects the uterus.

true

T4 is released from the thyroid gland.

true

The hypothalamus is controlled by negative feedback.

true

Antidiuretic hormone is also called ________.

vasopressin

Over three-quarters of the suprarenal cortex is the

zona fasciculata.

The ________, the outermost suprarenal cortical region, accounts for about 15 percent of the cortical volume.

zona glomerulosa