Anatomy Chapter 8: Articulations

Symphysis

(bones are separated by a wedge or pad of cartilage) -Between the pubic bones of the 2 coxal bones

Gomphosis

(joint between teeth and jaw bones) -Periodontal ligaments of the teeth.

Synostosis

(joint between two fused bones) -Fusion of the 3 coxal bones

Synchondrosis

(joint within epiphysis of bone) -Binds the diaphysis to the epiphysis

Sutures

(joints found only in the skull) -Bones are interlocked together

Syndesmosis

(ligaments that connect two bones but limit their motion) -Between the radius and ulna -Between tibia and fibula

Synovial Joints

-6 basic characteristics -A joint capsule -The presence of articular cartilages -A joint cavity with synovial fluid -A synovial membrane -Accessory structures (cartilage, ligaments, tendons, bursae) -Sensory nerves and blood vessels

Classification of Synovial Joints

-Gliding Joint (clavicle and manubrium) -Pivot joint (the joint C1 and C2) -Saddle Joint (carpomentacarpal joint) -Hinge joint (elbow and knee joints) -Ellipsoid Joint (metacarpophalangeal joint) Ball-and-socket (shoulder and hip joints)

Synovial fluid

-Lubricates the surfaces of the articular cartilages and reduces friction. -Nourishes the chondrocytes by entering and exiting the articular cartilages due to the forces acting on the joint. -Acts as a shock absorber

Diarthrosis (Synovial joints)

Freely movable -typically found at the ends of long bones Ex. Shoulder joint, elbow joint, hip joint, knee joint.

Joints are classified based on:

Function: range of motion Structure: Makeup of the joint

Synarthrosis

Immovable. Ex. Sutures, Synchondrosis, Gomphosis, Synchondrosis, Synostosis

Circumduction Movements

Moving the joint in a circular manner

Amphiarthrosis

Slightly movable Ex. Syndesmosis, Symphysis,