anatomy exam 2
Artificial joints _____.
usually have a service life of at least 15 years
The process of osteolysis is performed by which cell population?
osteoclasts
All of the following result in decreased calcium levels in the bloodstream except _____.
PTH stimulation of osteoclasts
The articular cartilage damaged by osteoarthritis is characterized by ____.
a rough network of bristly collagen fibers
Remnants of osteons, which have been almost completely recycled by osteoclasts, are known as ____.
interstitial lamallae
The structure that bears the body's weight when one is seated is which of the following?
ischial tuberosity
Which bone-associated structure is continuous with the capsule of the joint, adding strength and helping to stabilize the joint?
periosteum
Which of the following organs is stimulated by calcitriol?
small intestine
Ankle fractures that affect both bones of the leg are called _____.
Pott's fractures
Several hours after an injury to the skin and a scab has formed, cells from which integumentary layer undergo rapid divisions and begin to migrate along the edge of the wound?
cells of the stratum basale of the epidermis
Patterns established by these fibers determine the line of cleavage.
collagen and elastic fibers
What is the composition of the nail body?
dead cells
With aging, hair turns gray or white due to which of the following causes?
decreased melanocyte activity
Synovial joints are classified functionally as:
diarthroses
What is the initial response of the skin to being exposed to the ultraviolet rays of sunlight?
epidermal cells produce cholecalciferol
Which bone is not formed via intramembranous ossification?
femur
Which foramen is the passageway for nerves to exit the cranium and innervate the jaw and its associated structures?
foramen ovale
Which hormone, released during times of stress, can loosen the connections between keratinocytes?
glucocorticoids
Which structure supports the larynx and attaches to muscles that move the tongue?
greater horns of the hyoid bone
A hard ossified bone in an adult actually begins within the embryo as a miniature version composed of ____.
hyaline cartilage
What are the primary effects of of calcitriol on the body?
increase blood concentration of phosphorus, increase blood concentration of calcium
Regarding the vertebral arch, what is the significance of the lamina?
it forms the "roof" of the vertebral foramen
The crista galli, a structural feature of the ethmoid bone, is described as which of the following?
it is a bony ridge that projects superior to the anteromedial floor of the cranium
All of the following are characteristics of periosteum except ____.
it is an incomplete cellular layer that lines the medullary cavity
which organ prevents calcium loss in response to PTH stimulation?
kidney
The anterior fontanelle ____.
lies at the intersection of the frontal, sagittal, and coronal sutures
Which condition, due to excessive cartilage formation at the epiphyseal cartilages, results in individuals who are very tall with long, slender limbs?
marfan syndrome
Immediately after an initial injury to the skin, bleeding and ____ occur.
mast cell activation
What mode of secretion do the eccrine sweat glands utilize?
merocrine
Which structures are the joint surfaces that allow the cranium to articulate with the vertebral column?
occipital condyles
Cells of the perichondrium need to take on a new role as ossification begins. They will become ____.
osteoblasts and begin to deposit bone matrix
The weakening of which primary vertebral ligament may result in the condition called a bulging disc?
posterior longitudinal ligament
At which joint do pronation and supination occur?
proximal radio-ulnar joint
Which appendicular joint firmly attaches the axial skeleton to the pelvic girdle?
sacro-iliac joint
What suture forms the boundary between the temporal bone and the parietal bone of that side?
squamous suture
Which structure acts as a passageway for blood vessels that provide oxygen and nourishment to the brain?
the cartoid canal
What has changed in your bones if you stop growing?
the epiphyseal plates have ossified
All of the following are true of the dermis EXCEPT that ______.
the hypodermis is part of the dermis
In dark skinned individuals, ______.
the melanosomes are more numerous
Which skull structure encloses the structures of the inner ear?
the petrous part of the teporal bone
As blood vessels extend into the spaces left by dying chondrocytes, the models begin to ossify internally. Where does internal ossification begin?
the primary ossification center in the diaphysis