Anatomy Exam 3 (Chapter 7)

the paired horizontal cribriform plates which help form the roof of the nasal cavity and the floor of the anterior cranial fossa The cribriform plates are punctured by tiny holes (cribr = sieve) called cribriform foramina that allow the filaments of the olfactory nerves to pass from the smell receptors in the nasal cavity to the brain.

The superior surface of the ethmoid is formed by __________.

the paired parietal and temporal bones and the unpaired frontal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones

What are the eight cranial bones?

Forms a part of the nasal septum The bony part of the nasal septum consists of the vomer inferiorly and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone superiorly.

Match the following: Ethmoid bone.

Ethmoid

Correctly match the term and definition: Forms part of the nasal septum and the lateral walls and roof of the nasal cavity.

Vomer

Which bone does not form a part of the orbits of the eyes?

Wrist

Mary fractured her pisiform bone in a fall. What part of her body was injured?

Both the tibia and fibula The medial malleolus of the tibia bone is the medial bulge of the ankle. The lateral malleolus of the fibula is the lateral ankle bulge.

A bimalleolar fracture is a common sports injury that affects the lateral malleolus and the medial malleolus. Which of the following does this fracture impact?

Occipital The occipital bone is the most likely involved when someone hits the back of their head. The occipital bone forms most of the skull's posterior wall and base. It articulates anteriorly with the paired parietal and temporal bones via the lambdoid and occipitomastoid sutures, respectively. The frontal bone is the most anterior cranial bone. The temporal bones are lateral cranial bones.

A common injury in the winter is a fall in which someone hits the back of his or her head on the ice. What bone is most likely to be involved in this type of fall?

Suture All bones of the adult skull are firmly united by interlocking joints called sutures. The suture lines have a saw-toothed or serrated appearance.

A joint between skull bones is called a __________.

Clavicles The clavicles belong to the pectoral girdle, not the thoracic cage.

All of the following belong to the thoracic cage, except __________.

tibia only Proximally, the femur articulates with the hip bone and then courses medially as it descends toward the knee. Distally, the femur broadens and ends in the wheel-like lateral and medial condyles, which articulate with the tibia of the leg.

At its distal end, the femur articulates with the __________.

its spinous process is larger than those of the other cervical vertebrae The spinous process of C7 is not bifid and is much larger than those of the other cervical vertebrae. Because its spinous process is palpable through the skin, C7 can be used as a landmark for counting the vertebrae and is called the vertebra prominens ("prominent vertebra"). The overall size of C7 is similar to the other cervical vertebrae, just the spinous process is much larger. Intervertebral discs are present between each of the cervical vertebrae, including C7.

C7 is referred to as the "vertebra prominens" because __________.

Lateral forearm In anatomical position, the ulna is the bone of the medial forearm. The humerus is the arm bone. The carpals make up the wrist.

Correctly match the bone and location: Radius.

Medial forearm

Correctly match the bone and location: Ulna.

Head of femur

Correctly match the bone of the lower limb with its description: Articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis.

Tibia The tibia (tib'e-ah; "shinbone") receives the weight of the body from the femur and transmits it to the foot. It is second only to the femur in size and strength.

Correctly match the bone of the lower limb with its description: Bone with the bony crest that forms the shin

Inferior nasal concha The paired inferior nasal conchae are thin, curved bones that project medially from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity, just inferior to the middle nasal conchae of the ethmoid bone. They are the largest of the three pairs of conchae and, like the others, they form part of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.

Correctly match the following terms: Forms part of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.

Lacriminal Bone

Correctly match the following terms: Forms part of the medial orbit wall.

Zygomatic Bone

Correctly match the following terms: Forms the cheek and part of the orbit.

Vomer

Correctly match the following terms: Part of the nasal septum.

Cervical vertebrae C3-C7

Correctly match the following terms: Transverse processes contain foramina.

Middle Ear Bones

Correctly match the following: Auditory ossicles.

Heel bone

Correctly match the following: Calcaneus

femur The femur is part of the lower limb and is not part of the pelvic girdle.

Each of the following bones is part of the pelvic girdle, except the __________.

Seven

How many cervical vertebrae are there in a normal adult?

Five

How many regions of the vertebral column are there?

Frontal Sinuses

Identify the paranasal sinus indicated by "A."

Ethmoidal air cells (sinus) A: Frontal Sinuses B: Ethmoidal Air Cells (Sinuses) C: Spenoidal Sinuses D. Maxillary Sinuses

Identify the paranasal sinuses indicated by "B."

Transverse costal facet A: transverse costal facet B: superior costal facet at the superior edge of the body of the vertebra. C: neck of a rib D: the wedge-shaped head of a rib E: the bulk of the rib, simply called the shaft.

Identify the part of a rib and thoracic vertebra indicated by "A."

Superior costal facet A: transverse costal facet B: superior costal facet at the superior edge of the body of the vertebra. C: neck of a rib D: the wedge-shaped head of a rib E: the bulk of the rib, simply called the shaft.

Identify the part of a rib and thoracic vertebra indicated by "B."

Head of rib A: transverse costal facet B: superior costal facet C: neck of rib D: head of rib E: shaft of rib

Identify the part of a rib and thoracic vertebra indicated by "D."

Sacral foramina A: Sacral Canal of the sacrum B: the body of the sacrum C: One of the posterior sacral foramina D: The coccyx

Identify the part of the sacrum or coccyx indicated by "C."

Coccyx A: Sacral Canal of the sacrum B: Body of the sacrum C: One of the posterior Sacral Foramina D: Coccyx

Identify the part of the sacrum or coccyx indicated by "D."

Squamous Part A: Squamous part B: Zygomatic process C: Mandibular fossa D: External Acoustic Meatus E: Mastoid process F: Styloid Process

Identify the part of the temporal bone indicated by "A."

fetus Inferiorly, nine of these eventually fuse to form two composite bones, the sacrum and the tiny coccyx. The remaining 24 bones persist as individual vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs.

In a(n) __________, the vertebral column is formed from 33 separate bones.

Lack anterior attachments Rib pairs 11 and 12 are called vertebral ribs or floating ribs because they have no anterior attachments. Instead, their costal cartilages lie embedded in the muscles of the lateral body wall.

Match the following: Floating ribs.

Encloses the pituitary

Match the following: Sphenoid bone.

Have a direct sternal attachment via costal cartilage

Match the following: True ribs.

Pectoral Girdle

Match the name of the bone to its location: Clavicle.

Pelvic Girdle

Match the name of the bone to its location: Ilium.

Flat bones (except for the mandible, which is connected tot he rest of the skull by freely movable joints.

Most skull bones are ____________.

Hyoid Bone Though not directly connected to the skull, the hyoid bone ("U shaped") is considered to be part of the skull. It lies in the anterior neck just inferior to the mandible, and looks like a miniature version of it.

Select the bone that does not articulate directly with another bone.

Sphenoid The sphenoid bone is considered to be the keystone of the cranium because it articulates with all other cranial bones.

Select the bone that is considered to be the keystone of the cranium.

Mandible

Sutures connect all the bones of the skull, except the __________.

appendicular skeleton

The carpal (wrist) bone, kneecap, and heel bone part part of the ____________.

External ear canal.

The external acoustic meatus of the temporal bone surrounds the __________.

Ethmoid Like the temporal and sphenoid bones, the delicate ethmoid bone has a complex shape. Lying between the sphenoid and the nasal bones of the face, it is the most deeply situated bone of the skull. It forms most of the bony area between the nasal cavity and the orbits.

The crista galli is a projection from which bone?

an anterior attachment to the sternum Rib pairs 11 and 12 are called vertebral ribs or floating ribs because they have no anterior attachments. Instead, their costal cartilages lie embedded in the muscles of the lateral body wall.

The eleventh and twelfth ribs are called floating ribs because they lack __________.

is tilted anteriorly (forward) compared to a male pelvis The female pelvis is modified for childbearing: It tends to be wider, shallower, lighter, and rounder than that of a male. The female pelvis not only accommodates a growing fetus, but it must be large enough to allow the infant's relatively large head to exit at birth.

The female pelvis __________.

is inferior to the pelvic brim

The female true pelvis __________.

spinal, or vertebral column

The first cervical vertebra is part of the _________.

Anterior cranium

The frontal bone forms the _____________.

Femur

The gluteal tuberosity is a bone marking found on the __________.

in line with the second and third thoracic vertebra, where the left common carotid artery is issued from the aorta

The jugular notch on the sternum is __________.

manubrium

The most superior portion of the breastbone is called the __________.

Atlas The occipital bone articulates with the atlas, the first cervical vertebra.

The occipital bone articulates with which of the following bones?

skull's posterior wall and base

The occipital bone forms most of the __________.

ulna

The olecranon would be found on the __________.

Mandible

The only bone of the facial skeleton that does not articulate with the maxillae is the __________.

superior and lateral aspects of the skull, as such, they form the bulk of the cranial ceiling

The parietal bones form most of the __________.

posteriorly the medial ends of the scapulae do not join each other

The pectoral girdle does not quite satisfy the features of a true girdle because __________.

Pituitary gland

The sphenoid bone encloses the __________.

Lumbar Vertebrae The lumbar region of the vertebral column, commonly referred to as the small of the back, receives the most stress. The enhanced weight-bearing function of the five lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5) is reflected in their sturdier structure. Their bodies are massive and kidney shaped in a superior view.

The vertebrae that are characterized by having enhanced weight-bearing capability are the __________.

talus and calcaneus

When standing normally, most of your weight is transmitted to the ground by the __________.

The mandibular foramen Large mandibular foramina, one on the medial surface of each ramus, permit the nerves responsible for tooth sensation to pass to the teeth in the lower jaw.

Where would a dentist inject lidocaine to prevent pain in the lower teeth?

Medial condyle

Which of the following bone markings on the femur is a point of articulation between bones?

Femur only

Which of the following have bone markings called trochanters?

Femur

Correctly match the following bone marking to its bone: Greater trochanter.

Temporal Bone

Correctly match the term and definition: Contains mastoid air cells (sinuses).

sphenoid

Correctly match the term and definition: Foramen ovale is part of this bone.

Neck of rib A: transverse costal facet B: superior costal facet at the superior edge of the body of the vertebra. C: neck of rib D: the wedge-shaped head of a rib E: the bulk of the rib, simply called the shaft.

Identify the part of a rib and thoracic vertebra indicated by "C."

Shaft of rib A: transverse costal facet B: superior costal facet C: neck of rib D: head of rib E: shaft of rib

Identify the part of a rib and thoracic vertebra indicated by "E."

Coccyx

Identify the region of the vertebral column indicated by "E."

Mandible The mandible is the lower jaw bone.

Sinuses are found in all of the following bones, except the __________.

The sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

Which of the following bones is most closely associated with the pituitary gland?

Shoulder blade

Correctly match the following term: Scapula.

Carpals

Correctly match the following term: The wrist bones.

Carpal Bone

Correctly match the following term: Triquetrum.

Thumb The fingers, or digits of the upper limb, are numbered I to V beginning with the thumb, or pollex

Correctly match the following term: Pollex.

Fibula The fibula (fib'u-lah; "pin") is a sticklike bone with slightly expanded ends. It articulates proximally and distally with the lateral aspects of the tibia. Its proximal end is its head; its distal end is the lateral malleolus. The lateral malleolus forms the conspicuous lateral ankle bulge and articulates with the talus. The fibular shaft is heavily ridged and appears to have been twisted a quarter turn. The fibula does not bear weight, but several muscles originate from it.

Correctly match the bone of the lower limb with its description: Bone that has the lateral malleolus

Linea aspera

Correctly match the bone of the lower limb with its description: Elongated-ridge on posterior of femur.

Humerus The humerus, the sole bone of the arm, is a typical long bone. It articulates with the scapula at the shoulder and with the radius and ulna (forearm bones) at the elbow.

Correctly match the bone of the upper limb with its description: Articulates with the scapula.

Metacarpals Five metacarpals radiate from the wrist like spokes to form the metacarpus or palm of the hand (meta = beyond).

Correctly match the bone of the upper limb with its description: Bones of the palm of your hand

Carpals

Correctly match the bone of the upper limb with its description: Forms the wrist joint with the radius and ulna.

Scoliosis

Correctly match the definition and disorder: Abnormal lateral spinal curvature that occurs most often in the thoracic region, or "twisted disease."

Lordosis

Correctly match the definition and disorder: An accentuated lumbar curvature, or swayback.

Temporary Lordosis

Correctly match the definition and disorder: Common in those carrying a "large load up front," such as men with "potbellies" and pregnant women.

Kyphosis

Correctly match the definition and disorder: Dorsally exaggerated thoracic curvature, or "hunch back."

Leg The forearm bones are the radius and ulna. The shoulder blade is the scapula. The cheekbone is the zygomatic bone. The hip (coxal) bones are the ilium, pubis, and ischium.

Correctly match the following bones to their location: Tibia and fibula.

Maxillary bone

Correctly match the following bones: Facial bone.

Frontal Bone

Correctly match the following bones: Supraorbital foramen.

Clavicle

Correctly match the following term to this descriptor: Doubly curved and acts as a shoulder brace.

Femur

Correctly match the following term: Articulates with both the acetabulum and the tibia.

Radius

Correctly match the following term: Articulates with the capitulum of the humerus.

Metatarsals

Correctly match the following term: Bones that form most of the sole of the feet.

Phalanges

Correctly match the following term: Bones that form the fingers and toes.

Metacarpals

Correctly match the following term: Bones that form the palms of the hands.

Carpals

Correctly match the following term: Bones that form the wrist.

Ulna

Correctly match the following term: Coronoid process.

Hip

Correctly match the following term: Coxal bone.

Tarsal bone

Correctly match the following term: Cuboid.

Scapula The scapulae, or shoulder blades, are thin, triangular flat bones. Interestingly, their name derives from a word meaning "spade" or "shovel," for ancient cultures made spades from the shoulder blades of animals. The scapulae lie on the dorsal surface of the rib cage, between ribs 2 and 7.

Correctly match the following term: Glenoid cavity.

Great toe

Correctly match the following term: Hallux.

Scapula

Correctly match the following term: Markings include glenoid cavity and acromion.

Tibia The tibia ("shinbone") receives the weight of the body from the femur and transmits it to the foot. It is second only to the femur in size and strength.

Correctly match the following term: Medial and lateral condyles

Ulna

Correctly match the following term: Olecranon

Kneecap The patella ("small pan") is a triangular sesamoid bone enclosed in the (quadriceps) tendon that secures the anterior thigh muscles to the tibia. It protects the knee joint anteriorly and improves the leverage of the thigh muscles acting across the knee.

Correctly match the following term: Patella.

Ilium

Correctly match the following term: Pelvic girdle bone of the appendicular skeleton that articulates with the axial skeleton.

Cheekbone The irregularly shaped zygomatic bones, commonly called the cheekbones, form the prominences of the cheeks and part of the inferolateral margins of the orbits. They articulate posteriorly with the zygomatic processes of the temporal bones, superiorly with the zygomatic processes of the frontal bone, and anteriorly with the zygomatic processes of the maxillae. The scapula is the shoulder blade. The leg bones are the tibia and fibula. The femur is the thigh bone. The frontal bone makes up the forehead. The hip is three bones: the ilium, the ischium, and the pubis.

Correctly match the following term: Zygomatic bone.

Axis (C2) An unusual feature unique to the axis (C2) is the knoblike dens ("tooth") projecting superiorly from its body. The dens is actually the "missing" body of the atlas (C1), which fuses with the axis during embryonic development. Cradled in the anterior arch of the atlas by the transverse ligament, the dens acts as a pivot for the rotation of the atlas. Hence, this joint allows you to rotate your head from side to side to indicate "no."

Correctly match the following terms: Dens.

Carpal bone

Correctly match the following: Capitate.

Kneecap The patella ("small pan") is a triangular sesamoid bone enclosed in the (quadriceps) tendon that secures the anterior thigh muscles to the tibia. It protects the knee joint anteriorly and improves the leverage of the thigh muscles acting across the knee.

Correctly match the following: Patella.

Maxilla Just below the eye socket on each side is an infraorbital foramen that allows the infraorbital nerve (a continuation of the maxillary nerve) and artery to reach the face.

Correctly match the term and definition: Bone that contains the infraorbital foramen.

Mandible The U-shaped mandible, or lower jawbone, is the largest, strongest bone of the face. It has a body, which forms the chin, and two upright rami (rami = branches).

Correctly match the term and definition: Forms the chin.

Palatine Bone

Correctly match the term and definition: Forms the posterior hard palate.

Between ribs The intercostal spaces between the ribs are occupied by the intercostal muscles, which lift and then depress the thorax during breathing.

Correctly match the term and definition: Intercostal.

Maxillae The maxillary bones, or maxillae (mak-sil'le; "jaws"), are fused medially. They form the upper jaw and the central portion of the facial skeleton.

Correctly match the term and definition: Keystone bones of the face.

Ethmoid Extending medially from the lateral masses of the ethmoid bone, the delicately coiled superior and middle nasal conchae, named after the conch shells found on warm ocean beaches, protrude into the nasal cavity.

Correctly match the term and definition: Superior and middle nasal conchae are part of this bone.

Floating Ribs Rib pairs 11 and 12 are called vertebral ribs or floating ribs because they have no anterior attachments. Instead, their costal cartilages lie embedded in the muscles of the lateral body wall.

Correctly match the term and definition: Vertebral ribs.

False Ribs Rib pairs 8-10 are false ribs that attach to the sternum indirectly, each joining the costal cartilage immediately above it. These ribs are also called vertebrochondral ribs.

Correctly match the term and definition: Vertebrochondral.

True Ribs

Correctly match the term and definition: Vertebrosternal.

Temporal A conspicuous feature of the petrous part of the temporal bone is the mastoid process (mas'toid; "breast"), which acts as an anchoring site for some neck muscles. This process can be felt as a lump just posterior to the ear.

Correctly match the term and location: Mastoid process.

Spinous Process A: Spinous Process B: Transverse Process C: Laminae D: Pedicle E: Body or centrum

Identify the part of a typical vertebra indicated by "A."

Transverse Process A: Spinous Process B: Transverse Process C: Laminae D: Pedicle E: Body or centrum

Identify the part of a typical vertebra indicated by "B."

Lamina A: Spinous Process B: Transverse Process C: Laminae D: Pedicle E: Body or centrum

Identify the part of a typical vertebra indicated by "C."

Pedicle A: Spinous Process B: Transverse Process C: Laminae D: Pedicle E: Body or centrum

Identify the part of a typical vertebra indicated by "D."

Body A: Spinous Process B: Transverse Process C: Laminae D: Pedicle E: Body or centrum

Identify the part of a typical vertebra indicated by "E."

Cribriform plate A: Crista Galli B: Cribriform plate C: Ethmoidal air cells within the lateral mass D: Perpendicular Plate

Identify the part of the ethmoid bone indicated by "B."

Perpendicular Plate A: Crista Galli B: Cribriform plate C: Ethmoidal air cells within the lateral mass D: Perpendicular Plate

Identify the part of the ethmoid bone indicated by "D."

Sacral Canal A: Sacral Canal of the sacrum B: the body of the sacrum C: One of the posterior sacral foramina D: The coccyx

Identify the part of the sacrum or coccyx indicated by "A."

Body A: Sacral Canal of the sacrum B: Body of the sacrum C: One of the posterior Sacral Foramina D: Coccyx

Identify the part of the sacrum or coccyx indicated by "B."

Zygomatic Process A: Squamous part B: Zygomatic process C: Mandibular fossa D: External Acoustic Meatus E: Mastoid process F: Styloid Process

Identify the part of the temporal bone indicated by "B."

mandibular fossa A: Squamous part B: Zygomatic process C: Mandibular fossa D: External Acoustic Meatus E: Mastoid process F: Styloid Process

Identify the part of the temporal bone indicated by "C."

External Acoustic Meatus A: Squamous part B: Zygomatic process C: Mandibular fossa D: External Acoustic Meatus E: Mastoid process F: Styloid Process

Identify the part of the temporal bone indicated by "D."

Styloid Process A: Squamous part B: Zygomatic process C: Mandibular fossa D: External Acoustic Meatus E: Mastoid process F: Styloid Process

Identify the part of the temporal bone indicated by "F."

True Rib A: Rib 4, a true rib B: the costal cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum C: the xiphoid process of the sternum. D: rib 8, a false rib with an indirect connection to the sternum E: rib 11, a floating rib (11-12) that lacks a connection to the sternum.

Identify the part of the thoracic cage indicated by "A."

Xiphoid process A: Rib 4, a true rib B: the costal cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum C: the xiphoid process of the sternum. D: rib 8, a false rib with an indirect connection to the sternum E: rib 11, a floating rib (11-12) that lacks a connection to the sternum.

Identify the part of the thoracic cage indicated by "C."

False Rib A: Rib 4, a true rib B: the costal cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum C: the xiphoid process of the sternum. D: rib 8, a false rib with an indirect connection to the sternum E: rib 11, a floating rib (11-12) that lacks a connection to the sternum.

Identify the part of the thoracic cage indicated by "D."

Floating Rib A: Rib 4, a true rib B: the costal cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum C: the xiphoid process of the sternum. D: rib 8, a false rib with an indirect connection to the sternum E: rib 11, a floating rib (11-12) that lacks a connection to the sternum.

Identify the part of the thoracic cage indicated by "E."

Ethmoidal air cells A: Crista galli B: Cribriform (contain tiny openings called foramina C: Ethmoidal air cells within the lateral mass D: Perpendicular plate

Identify the sinuses in the ethmoid bone indicated by "C."

Do not have a direct sternal attachment Rib pairs 8-12 are called false ribs because they either attach indirectly to the sternum or entirely lack a sternal attachment. Rib pairs 8-10 attach to the sternum indirectly, each joining the costal cartilage immediately above it. These ribs are also called vertebrochondral ribs

Match the following: False ribs.

The coronal, sagittal, squamous, and lambdoid sutures (connect cranial bones) Most other skull sutures connect facial bones and are named according to the bones they connect

What are the major skull sutures?

The sphenoid bone The sphenoid bone is considered the keystone of the cranium because it forms a central wedge that articulates with all other cranial bones.

What is the keystone of the cranium?

Vomer The slender, plow-shaped vomer (vo'mer; "plow") lies in the nasal cavity, where it forms part of the nasal septum. The facial skeleton is made up of 14 bones, of which only the mandible and the vomer are unpaired. The maxillae, zygomatics, nasals, lacrimals, palatines, and inferior nasal conchae are paired bones.

Which of the following is a facial bone?

Herniated disc

Which of the following is characterized by a ruptured anulus fibrosis?

Pectoral Girdle Bones of the limbs and their girdles are collectively called the appendicular skeleton because they are appended to the axial skeleton. The yokelike pectoral girdles ("chest") attach the upper limbs to the body trunk. The axial skeleton consists of the bones of the skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, and hyoid bone. The auditory ossicle are small bones within the middle ear of the skull.

Which of the following is part of the appendicular division of the skeletal system?

Olecranon

Which of the following is the bony part that rests on the table when you lean on your elbows?

The mastoid sinuses Because the mastoid air cells are separated from the brain by only a very thin bony plate, mastoid infections may spread to the brain as well.

Which of the following sinuses is in high risk of infection spreading from the middle ear?

Scoliosis

Which of the following spinal deformities is quite common during late childhood in females?