Anatomy Final Prep

The sensory neurons found in the spinal ganglion are classified as: Bipolar Multipolar (Pseudo)unipolar

(Pseudo)unipolar

The adrenal cortex contains three zones that secrete different hormones. Which of the following accurately describes hormones produced in the zona fasciculata? They are produced in response to the pituitary hormone ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) They include the steroid hormone cortisol They typically enhance the immune response by increasing the number of T cells produced All of the above A and B

A and B

The adrenal cortex contains three zones that secrete different hormones. Which of the following accurately describes hormones produced in the zona reticularis? They are produced in response to the pituitary hormone ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) They secrete weak androgens (DHEA) They typically suppress the immune response by increasing the number of T cells produced All of the above A and B

A and B

The microfilaments that form a framework within a microvillus is formed by Actin Keratins Lamins Vimentin

Actin

The network of microfilaments that form a sheath beneath the plasmalemma is formed from Actin Keratin Lamin Vimentin

Actin

Stress increases the secretions of epinephrine (adrenalin). The endocrine gland that facilitates this action is the: Adrenal medulla Parathyroid Posterior pituitary gland Thyroid

Adrenal medulla

The ground substance of connective tissue is rich in heavily hydrated glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans and multi-adhesive glycoproteins. An example of a proteoglycan found in cartilage is: Aggrecan Fibronectin Hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan) Laminin

Aggrecan

The trachea is composed of 20 C-shaped cartilage rings. What is the main purpose for this? Allows the Trachea to flexibly bend. Aids in keeping the Trachea from collapsing during inspiration. The cells from the cartilage rings are used to repair the surrounding tissue.

Aids in keeping the Trachea from collapsing during inspiration.

Which of the following does not play a role in calcium homeostasis? Aldosterone Calcitonin Vitamin D3 Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Aldosterone

The cells that line the acinar portion of a gland are most likely to be classified as: Cuboidal epithelial Fibroblasts Masts Squamous epithelial

Cuboidal epithelial

The juxtaglomerular apparatus Is associated with the macula densa Regulates glomerular filtration rates Synthesizes renin All the above

All the above

The anterior pituitary gland secretes hormones that stimulate hormonal secretions affecting which of the following glands? All the answers Adrenal Bone Gonads Thyroid

All the answers

A venous portal system is associated with which part of the pituitary gland? Anterior pituitary Posterior pituitary A and B

Anterior pituitary

All the following statements about Nissl bodies are true EXCEPT ONE. Which one is the EXCEPTION? Are found in the body of a neuron Are located within the axon hillock Formed by stacks of rough ER

Are located within the axon hillock

Which of the following accurately describes glucocorticoids? Are produced in response to ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) Are produced primarily by the zona glomerulosa Include the steroid hormone aldosterone All of the above A and B

Are produced in response to ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

All the following are components of every synovial joint EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? Articular cartilage Articular disc Fibrous capsule Joint cavity Synovial membrane

Articular disc

Growth and repair of hyaline cartilage is limited because its: Absent from fibrocartilage Avascular Cells are isolated in lacunae Grows primarily by interstitial growth in adults

Avascular

If baroreceptors in the aorta detect decreased arterial pressure, a sympathetic response is initiated. Which of the following actions would you expect to occur? Decrease heart rate Increased heart rate Vasoconstriction A and C B and C

B and C

In the transition from conducting to respiratory portion, what is a change that can be observed? A. Brush cells replace Goblet cells in the terminal bronchioles. B. Ciliated cells are replaced by non-ciliated cells, called Clara cells. C. Goblet cells become more prominent. D. B and C.

B. Ciliated cells are replaced by non-ciliated cells, called Clara cells.

Which of the following joints allows movement in three or more planes? Ball and socket Condyloid Hinge Pivot

Ball and socket

The region of the brain that consists of strongly interconnected nuclei that influence motor function via feedback to the cortex is the: Basal ganglia Hypothalamus Limbic lobe Prefrontal region

Basal ganglia

Flexion of the arm at the shoulder and supination of the hand are produced by Correct Answer Biceps brachii Coracobrachialis Infraspinatus Triceps brachii

Biceps brachii

During endochondral bone formation, all the following statements are true EXCEPT ONE. Which statement is the EXCEPTION? Bone forms directly from mesenchymal cells Cartilaginous bone model is first formed Bone first forms adjacent to the periosteum Epiphyseal plates can form to facilitate continued long bone growth

Bone forms directly from mesenchymal cells

We talked about neglect syndrome in class and its effect of a lack of vision on the neglected side. In patient exhibiting right side neglect a patient can't see his right visual field. The right the visual field travels in the Left optic tract and left optic nerve only Right optic tract and left optic nerve only Both the left and right optic tracts Both the left and right optic nerves

Both the left and right optic nerves

The type of fat whose primary role is heat generation is Brown White

Brown

The specialization of the epithelial cells lining the proximal convoluted tubule is: Cilia Microvilli Stereocilia Villi

Microvilli

The sphincter pupillae muscle receives motor innervation from postganglionic fibers of (the) CN II CN III CN VII Sympathetic trunk

CN III

The innervation to the parietal cells of the stomach is provided by the CN IX or glossopharyngeal nerve CN X or vagus nerve Myenteric plexus Sympathetic nerves

CN X or vagus nerve

The dendritic processes of osteocytes communicate with other osteocytes via Canaliculi Lacunae Resorption bays Trabeculae

Canaliculi

The pigmented layer of the retina is adjacent to the Bipolar neural layer Choroid Ganglion cell layer Sclera

Choroid

Which of the following region of the eyeball is highly vascular Choroid Cornea Retina Sclera

Choroid

What type of cell in adrenal medulla is responsible for converting norepinephrine (NE) into epinephrine? A or α cells B or β cells Chromaffin cells Polyhedral cells Pyramidal cells

Chromaffin cells

The predominate type of collagen found in reticular fibers is: Collagen Type I Collagen Type II CollagenType III Collagen Type IV

CollagenType III

Which structure of the eyeball is avascular? Choroid Cornea Iris Retina

Cornea

If baroreceptors in the aorta detect increased arterial pressure, a parasympathetic response is initiated. Which of the following actions would you expect to occur? Decrease heart rate Increased heart rate Vasoconstriction A and C B and C

Decrease heart rate

A lesion of the prefrontal cortex could exhibit all the following behaviors EXCEPT ONE. Which one is the EXCEPTION? Clownish behavior Decreased intelligence Lack of judgement Vulgar language

Decreased intelligence

If a newborn baby was, unfortunately, born prematurely (before 28 weeks), it can lead to Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS). The newborn cannot get enough air in their lungs to breathe sufficiently. This problem is a product of: A. Deficiency of surfactant in the lungs resulting in collapse of the lungs B. Increased surfactant of the lungs, not allowing lungs to exhale without increased effort C. Type 1 Pneumocyte deficiency. D. Overproduction of mucous by goblet cells in the respiratory bronchioles. E. A and C.

Deficiency of surfactant in the lungs resulting in collapse of the lungs

The movement of cells out of venules into tissue spaces is called. Apoptosis Chemotaxis Diapedesis No answer text provided.

Diapedesis

Discriminative sensation (also called tactile discrimination) from the right foot travels through the spinal cord at the level of the upper limb in which of the following fiber tracts? Corticospinal on the left or contralateral (opposite) side Dorsal column on the left or contralateral (opposite) side Dorsal column on the right or ipsilateral (same) side Spinothalamic on the left or contralateral (opposite) side Spinothalamic on the right or ipsilateral (same) side

Dorsal column on the right or ipsilateral (same) side

The muscle of the left ventricle has Purkinje fibers of the conducting system located in which layer? Endocardium, deep layer (subendocardium) Endocardium, superficial layer (endothelial) Epicardium Myocardium

Endocardium, deep layer (subendocardium)

The type of gland which has no duct is the Endocrine gland Exocrine gland

Endocrine gland

A single nerve fiber is enclosed by the Endoneurium Epineurium Perineurium

Endoneurium

Which of the following is an example of a granulocytes? Eosinophil Lymphocyte Monocyte

Eosinophil

Which of the following cells does not contain MHC I molecules on its cell surface? B-lymphocytes Erythrocytes Helper T-lymphocytes Macrophages

Erythrocytes

Which of the following cells lacks a nucleus? B-Lymphocytes Erythrocytes Megakaryocytes Neutrophils

Erythrocytes

The Lower respiratory system is responsible for which of the following: Facilitating the exchange of gases Filtering, warming, and humidifying the air Interacting with sensory organs of smell and taste Interacting with the digestive system

Facilitating the exchange of gases

Which of the following muscles is innervated by the median nerve? Brachialis Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Supinator

Flexor carpi radialis

Which of the following organelles of the cell initiates packing, concentration and storage of secretory products by secretory vesicles? Golgi apparatus Mitochondria Rough endoplasmic reticulum Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

The large intestine is characterized by all the following EXCEPT ONE. Which one is the EXCEPTION? Has a ciliated columnar epithelium Has crypts of Lieberkühn Has three longitudinal muscle bands termed tenia coli Lacks Paneth cells

Has a ciliated columnar epithelium

Macrophages differentiate from Granulocytes Lymphoid stem cells Monocytes Neutrophils

Monocytes

All the following statements about the spleen are true EXCEPT ONE. Which one is the EXCEPTION? Contains periarterial lymphoid sheaths with nodules Filters blood through clusters of T and B cells Has only a closed vascular system Removes old RBC's Storage site of RBC's

Has only a closed vascular system

The lesser omentum is a ventral mesentery connecting the liver to the GI tube. All the following structures can be located within the lesser omentum EXCEPT ONE. Which is the EXCEPTION? Common bile duct Hepatic artery Portal vein Hepatic vein

Hepatic vein

If a patient is always complaining of being cold, TH (thyroid hormone) levels in the patient can be very low. If their hypothalamic/pituitary system is functioning correctly, by negative feedback, we expect to measure _____levels of TRH and ____ levels of TSH. High, low High, high Low, high Low, low None of the above

High, high

During the elevation of the shoulder by the trapezius muscle which of the following would shorten? A-band of the sarcomere Actin myofilaments I-band of the sarcomere Myosin myofilaments

I-band of the sarcomere

During a colonoscopy an endoscope is used to examine the large intestine and distal portion of the small intestine. After entering the rectum through the anal sphincter, the scope will pass through the entire colon and then enter the small intestine. To enter the small intestine, the endoscope will pass through the: Cardiac valve Glottis Ileocecal valve Pyloric valve

Ileocecal valve

Within the perisinusoidal space are specialized cells that are fat storing cells containing vitamin A. These cells are: Ito cells Kupffer cells M-cells

Ito cells

The posterior pituitary gland secretes hormones that stimulate hormonal secretions from the: Kidney Adrenal Gonads Thyroid

Kidney

All the following structures increase the surface area of the small intestine EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? Lacteals Microvilli on enterocytes Plicae circulares Villi

Lacteals

The term used to describe the connective tissue that an epithelium lining the digestive tract rests upon is the: Dermis Lamina propria Papilla

Lamina propria

Which of the following muscles originates on the axial skeleton and acts to move the arm at the shoulder joint? Deltoid Latissimus dorsi Teres major Trapezius

Latissimus dorsi

The hormone secreted by adipocytes that binds to receptors in the brain indicating satiety is: Ghrelin Leptin Lipase Norepinephrine

Leptin

A 20 year-old female college student presents to your office with a pierced lip. The lip stud is positioned 1 cm below the medium portion of her inferior lip. The tissue around the stud is red and appears inflamed. She complains that the area is painful. Which of the following cell would you expect to be increased in number at the site that areas red? Adipocyte Leukocytes Mast cells Plasma cells

Leukocytes

All the following immune cells form memory cells during the immune response EXCEPT ONE. Which cell type is the EXCEPTION? B-lymphocytes Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes Helper T-lymphocytes Macrophages

Macrophages

The connective tissue cell that promotes an allergic response by releasing chemicals like histamine is the Fibroblast Macrophage Mast cell Plasma cell

Mast cell

The connective tissue cell whose role is to release stored granules to mediate an inflammatory response is the Fibroblast Macrophage Mast cell Plasma

Mast cell

The cell body of the secondary neuron for the pathway of proprioception is located in the Dorsal (posterior) horn of the spinal cord Medulla oblongata of the brain stem Thalamus Ventral (anterior) horn of the spinal cord

Medulla oblongata of the brain stem

Blood platelets are produced by Erythrocytes Granulocytes Megakaryocytes Monocytes

Megakaryocytes

During intramembranous bone formation: Bone growth occurs through both interstitial and appositional growth mechanisms. Chondroblasts first forms a cartilaginous bone model Epiphyseal plates can form to facilitate continued long bone growth. Mesenchymal cells first differentiate into osteoblasts that secret osteoid

Mesenchymal cells first differentiate into osteoblasts that secret osteoid

A stroke on the left hemisphere affecting the precentral gyrus would result in Motor impairment on the contralateral (opposite) side Motor impairment on the ipsilateral (same) side Sensory impairment on the contralateral (opposite) side Sensory impairment on the ipsilateral (same) side

Motor impairment on the contralateral (opposite) side

The motor nerve that innervates the muscles located in the anterior compartment of the arm is the Axillary Median Musculocutaneous

Musculocutaneous

The pharynx is composed of three different regions. What are they, in order? Laryngopharynx, Nasopharynx, Oropharynx Nasopharynx, Laryngopharynx, Oropharynx Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx Oropharynx, Nasopharynx, Laryngopharynx

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

A cell that is actively synthesizing proteins or is located with a rapidly growing tumor is characterized by a large Actin microfiber Nuclear pore Correct! Nucleolus Smooth ER

Nucleolus

Which of the following is an example of a Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)? Lymph node Palatine tonsil Spleen

Palatine tonsil

What reaction does the Vagus nerve have on the heart? Parasympathetic Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

Short postganglionic fibers are associated with Parasympathetic nerves Sympathetic nerves

Parasympathetic nerves

The emptying reflex of the bladder is controlled by the: Femoral nerve Myenteric plexus Parasympathetic nerves from coccygeal spinal nerves Sympathetic nerves from thoracic spinal nerves

Parasympathetic nerves from coccygeal spinal nerves

The cells responsible for the production of hydrochloric acid are the: Chief cells Mucous cells Paneth cells Parietal cells

Parietal cells

All the following statements about lymph are true EXCEPT ONE. Which one is the EXCEPTION? Drain into the venous system Has vessels that allow lymph to enter through its walls from the interstitial fluids of a tissue Is filtered in lymph nodes Passes between stave cells in its passage through the spleen

Passes between stave cells in its passage through the spleen

A 69-year-old male exhibits early signs of osteoarthritis, a common type of joint disease involving the hyaline cartilage of the joint. Lack of a cure for this disease is related to which characteristic of this type of cartilage. Composed of Type I collagen fibers Develops more fibrous tissue within the matrix with age Overabundance of blood vessels within the cartilage Perichondrium is the only site of cartilage repair in adults

Perichondrium is the only site of cartilage repair in adults

In the liver, the villi of the hepatocytes that allow exchange between blood plasma and the hepatocytes extends into the Central vein Hepatic sinusoids Perisinusoidal space Portal triad

Perisinusoidal space

Which of the following cells is not an antigen-presenting cell (APCs)? B-lymphocytes Dendritic cells Macrophages Plasma cells

Plasma cells

Sweat glands and smooth muscle of blood vessels on the face receive their autonomic innervation from the: Preganglionic fibers associated with the cervical region of the spinal cord Preganglionic fibers associated with the facial nerve Preganglionic fibers associated with the thoracic region of the spinal cord Preganglionic fibers associated with the trigeminal nerve

Preganglionic fibers associated with the thoracic region of the spinal cord

If an infection in the bladder spread up the urinary system to Bowman's capsule, the last tubular structure it would pass through would be the Distal straight tubule Proximal convoluted tubule Proximal straight tubule Thin descending limb

Proximal convoluted tubule

The filtrate in the capsular space of the renal corpuscle exits the space via the: Distal straight tubule Efferent arteriole Proximal convoluted tubule Proximal straight tubule

Proximal convoluted tubule

The type of epithelial cell that lines the trachea is: Pseudostratified columnar, ciliated Simple columnar, non-ciliated Simple cuboidal, ciliated Simple squamous, ciliated

Pseudostratified columnar, ciliated

A patient's inability to extend his hand and its digits is most likely due to the damage to the: Axillary n. Median n. Radial n. Ulnar n.

Radial n.

The site of B lymphocyte maturation is the: Lymph nodes Red bone marrow Spleen Thymus

Red bone marrow

Stave cells are located in the Bone marrow Liver Red pulp of the spleen White pulp of the spleen

Red pulp of the spleen

All the following are functions of the plasmalemma of a cell EXCEPT one. The EXCEPTION is: Communication via receptors Provides a flexible boundary that protects the contents of the cell Regulates entry and exit of materials into and from the cell Regulates transport between the cytoplasm and nucleus Separates substances outside the cell from those within the cell

Regulates transport between the cytoplasm and nucleus

Stave cells play an important role in: Activation of phagocytes Creation of platelets Removal of old RBCs T-cell maturation and selection

Removal of old RBCs

An infection in the renal pelvis could spread to renal corpuscle of the kidney by first passing through the: Distal convoluted tubule Distal straight tubule Renal papilla Ureter

Renal papilla

Tactile discrimination or proprioception from the right hand involves a fiber pathway where its secondary neurons are located in the: Right dorsal (posterior) horn of the spinal cord Right medulla oblongata of the brain stem Left dorsal (posterior) horn of the spinal cord Left medulla oblongata of the brain stem

Right medulla oblongata of the brain stem

At the neuromuscular junction the folds that contain acetylcholine receptors are a part of the: Muscle fiber nucleus Sarcolemma Sarcomere Terminal cisterna

Sarcolemma

A stroke on the right hemisphere affecting the postcentral gyrus would result in Motor impairment on the contralateral (opposite) side Motor impairment on the ipsilateral (same) side Sensory impairment on the contralateral (opposite) side Sensory impairment on the ipsilateral (same) side

Sensory impairment on the contralateral (opposite) side

Which type of capillary would you expect to see in the spleen or bone marrow? Continuous Fenestrated Sinusoidal

Sinusoidal

Which type of muscle can regenerate through mitotic activity? Cardiac Skeletal Smooth

Smooth

Which type of muscle has myofilaments arranged in many planes and anchored to plasma membrane? Cardiac Skeletal Smooth

Smooth

Which of the following best describes a "Pericytes"? A term referring to fenestration found on certain capillaries. The cell found in continuous capillaries that transport fluids into the tissues. Specialized cells found capillaries that aid in healing and wound repair.

Specialized cells found capillaries that aid in healing and wound repair.

The primary or first neuron cell body for pain sensation is located in the Contralateral precentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex Dorsal horn of the spinal cord Spinal (dorsal root) ganglion Ventral horn of the spinal cord

Spinal (dorsal root) ganglion

The knee jerk reflex test initiates a spinal nerve reflex. In this reflex, the sensory input from a muscle has its cell body located in the ______________ and its motor cell body located in the ________________. Dorsal (posterior) horn, precentral gyrus Medulla oblongata, precentral gyrus Spinal ganglion, dorsal (posterior) horn Spinal ganglion, ventral (anterior) horn

Spinal ganglion, ventral (anterior) horn

Which of the following types of epithelia has cells that are flat on the surface but cuboidal in the basal layer? Pseudostratified columnar Stratified cuboidal Stratified squamous

Stratified squamous

Barrett's esophagus is associated with a change from the normal epithelial cells that line the lower portion of the esophagus. The normal cells that are affected are normally classified as: Ciliated Columnar Stratified squamous, keratinized Stratified squamous, non-keratinized

Stratified squamous, non-keratinized

Long postganglionic fibers are associated with Parasympathetic nerves Sympathetic nerves

Sympathetic nerves

What is the correct pathway of a muscle impulse leading to muscle contraction? Synaptic cleft, sarcoplasm, T-tubule, terminal cisterna, sarcolemma Synaptic cleft, sarcolemma, T-tubule, terminal cisterna, sarcoplasm Synaptic cleft, T-tubule, terminal cisterna, sarcolemma sarcoplasm Synaptic cleft, T-tubule, sarcolemma, terminal cisterna, sarcoplasm Synaptic cleft, terminal cisterna, sarcolemma, T-tubule, sarcoplasm

Synaptic cleft, T-tubule, terminal cisterna, sarcolemma sarcoplasm

Synovial fluid is a product of which type of cell? Chondrocyte, hyaline Chondrocyte, fibrocartilage Synoviocyte, Type A Synoviocyte, Type B

Synoviocyte, Type B

The respiratory tract includes: The conducting portion, extending from the nares to the bronchioles of the lungs. The conducting portion, which includes the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli. The respiratory portion, extending from the nares to the bronchioles of the lungs. None of the above.

The conducting portion, extending from the nares to the bronchioles of the lungs.

What is the primary reason for the difference in the lobes of the lungs? The left lung contains on less lobe than the right lung, due to the heart infringing on the space of the left lung. The left lung has an extra lobe than the right lung, due to extra strength necessary to the left lung. The right lung has an extra lobe than the left lung, due to extra strength necessary to the right lung. The right lung contains one less lobe than the left lung, due to the heart infringing on the space of the right lung.

The left lung contains on less lobe than the right lung, due to the heart infringing on the space of the left lung.

The site of T lymphocyte maturation and selection is the: Bone marrow Lymph node Spleen Thymus Thyroid

Thymus

The epithelium that lines the urinary bladder would be classified as: Simple cuboidal Pseudostratified columnar Stratified squamous Transitional

Transitional

True or False. A tumor in the head of the pancreas near the opening of the main pancreatic duct into the gut would most likely block the common bile duct. True False

True

True or False. The distal convoluted tubule passes adjacent to the afferent arteriole of the renal corpuscle. True False

True

True or False? Respiratory bronchioles take part in respiration. True False

True

Bone matrix is composed of what type of collagen? Type I Type II Type III Type IV

Type I

Hyaline cartilage is composed of an extracellular matrix that contains which type of collagen? Type I collagen Type II collagen Type III collagen Type IV collagen

Type II collagen

Injury to the motor fiber tracts in the spinal cord would affect (injure) which motor neurons? Lower motor neurons (LMN) Upper motor neurons (UMN)

Upper motor neurons (UMN)

Bronchial constriction is a product of Intercostal nerves Phrenic nerve Sympathetic nerves Vagus nerve

Vagus nerve

The loop of the nephron in the medulla is closely associated with which vascular structure? Afferent arterioles Arcuate arteries Peritubular capillaries Vasa recta

Vasa recta

The epicardium is formed by Parietal pericardium Visceral pericardium

Visceral pericardium

Which of the following types of epithelia allows active and passive movement of substances (eg. gases) through tissue? Pseudostratified columnar Simple columnar Simple squamous Stratified cuboidal Stratified squamous

imple squamous