Anatomy final

Which structure prevents backflow into the left atrium?

bicuspid valve

The superior trunk originates from the branches of which cervical nerve?

C5 and C6

Which of the following retracts the scapula?

Rhomboid minor

The anatomical name for the bones that make up the distal portion of the wrist joint is:

carpals

The renal pyramids are located within the _______________.

medulla

Which structure prevents backflow into the right ventricle?

pulmonary valve

The motor command leaves through the:

ventral root

The head of the femur articulates with the:

acetabulum

The greater omentum is attached to the __________ of the stomach.

greater curvature

Which of the following is true of the proximal convoluted tubule?

reabsorbs 60% Na+

Which layer of the skin contains loose connective tissue and stores body fat?

hypodermis

Ventricular systole happens:

in a wave that begins at the apex and spreads toward the base

The __________ separates the nasal and oral cavities.

palate

The epimysium, endomysium and perimysium come together at the end of a skeletal muscle to form a:

tendon

The neck of the femur is lateral to the:

head of the femur

Where is bone added to during endochondral ossification?

metaphysis

Which layer of the esophagus is exposed to the lumen?

mucosa

The scientific term for "blind spot" is:

optic disc

During the cross-bridge cycle, after the calcium binds to troponin, what happens next?

Tropomyosin rolls away from actin, exposing the active binding sites

What layer of the skin are merkle cells present?

stratum basale

The ridge found at the bifurcation of the trachea is called the:

carina

The coronoid process articulates with the _________ of the humerus.

coronoid fossa

Which mesentery attaches the liver to the diaphragm?

falciform ligament

A muscle that flexes the knee would originate on the:

femur or coxal bone

Which process occurs across the walls of the glomerular capillaries?

filtration

Which action is performed by most of the muscles located on the anterior compartment of the forearm?

flexion

Adduction at the wrist involves contraction of the:

flexor carpi ulnaris & extensor carpi ulnaris

The precursor substance pepsinogen is converted to pepsin:

in the presence of hydrochloric acid

A thick midline ridge in the thyroid cartilage that is sometimes referred to as the Adam's apple is technically named the:

laryngeal prominence

Which of the following cells stimulate local inflammation?

mast cells

The larynx is composed of _______ big pieces of cartilage: ____ ______ cartilage, and ____ _______ cartilage.

3; 2 hyaline and 1 elastic

Which cranial nerve has a cranial root and a spinal root?

Accessory nerve - CN XI

Greg has had difficulty maintaining an erection and his doctor believes it may be a musculoskeletal abnormality. Which of the following could be implicated?

Ischiocavernosus muscle

This nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle. Which nerve is it?

Trochlear nerve - CN IV

The nose is __________ to the belly button.

cephalic

The orbicularis oris muscle is an example of a:

circular muscle

Receptors for hearing are located in the ______________.

cochlea

The spinal cord tapers at a conical tip called the:

conus medullaris

Conscious perception of vision probably reflects activity in the:

cortex of the occipital lobe

A special feature of fenestrated capillaries is that they have:

pores

In an adult, the epiphysis is separated from the diaphysis by the:

epiphyseal line

The larger the receptive field, the __________ it is to localize the stimulus.

more dificult

Which of the following bones/bone features DO NOT make up the ankle joint?

navicular

The sphenoid and ethmoid are part of the:

neurocranium

The ___________ is lined by squamous epithelium.

oropharynx

Which of the following cells are in charge of bone resorption?

osteoclasts

The posterior cord gives rise to which nerves?

radial and axillary

__________ are found only in the peripheral nervous system.

satellite cells

The pancreas contains exocrine and endocrine glands. Where does each secrete, respectively?

secretes into duct; secretes into pancreas

Which of the following glial cells is in charge of myelinating axons in the CNS?

Oligodendrocytes

While doing yoga, Ann noted that when she sat with her legs crossed, she felt a sharp pain in her thigh. The muscle that allows Ann to cross her legs is called:

Sartorius

Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning blood circulation?

The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

In which layer of the skin are melanocytes located?

stratum basale

Which of the following bone(s) articulates with the femur?

tibia

Group of cells with a similar function that work together.

tissue

The process of emission is under control of the _________ nervous system, because it is mainly ________ .

Autonomic; involuntary

Which carpal bone, based on its location, would articulate with the metacarpal of the thumb?

trapezium

Which bone feature is where one can find the olfactory nerve and what bone can it be found on?

Cribriform plate, ethmoid bone

Gaps in the myelination of axons known as ______ are present ______.

Nodes of Ranvier; for saltatory conduction and increased speed of action potential transmission

Which type of general sense receptor detects pressure changes in walls of blood vessels and in portions of the digestive, reproductive and urinary tracts?

mechanoreceptors

Which is the smallest functional unit of a skeletal muscle?

sarcomere

When epithelial cells are flat they are referred to as _____________ cells.

squamous

The longest nerve that innervates the digestive system is the:

vagus

You are out in the Everglades at night and decide to lay in a hammock to stargaze. In which position are you in?

supine

Internal folds of the stomach are called:

rugae

Amanda has dimples. Dimples are an inheritable trait caused by a shortened muscle which leads to a small depression in the flesh, either one that exists permanently or one that forms in the cheeks when one smiles. Which muscle causes this effect?

zygomaticus major

Which structure communicates the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle?

interventricular foramen

The outer covering of bone is known as:

periosteum

The axon of the Purkinje cells are located in the:

granular cell layer

Which of the following makes up the greatest amount in terms of molecular composition of the human body?

water

When the forearm is pronated, the radius is ____________ to the ulna.

anterior

Which of the following structures connects the third and fourth ventricles?

aqueduct of the midbrain

Layers of the epidermis from the deepest to most superficial are:

basale, spinosum, granulosum, corneum

The ______________ muscle, named for its two bellies, opens the mouth.

digastric

During the early phase of ventricular filling:

blood flows passively from atria to the ventricles

Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events?

closure of the heart valves

The receptors that get adapted over the course of time, and provide information on the intensity and rate of change of a stimulus are termed:

phasic receptors

The head of the fibula articulates with the:

posterior proximal part of the tibia

The main function of a fibrous joint is to:

provide stability between two bones

Which structure is known as an AV valve with three flaps?

tricuspid valve

The _______ is an anterior portion of the cribriform that extends superiorly into the cranium.

crista galli

This portion of the penis is attached to the ischium and roots it in place:

crus

The perimysium is a layer of connective tissue that:

divides the muscle into a series of internal compartments, each containing a bundle of muscle fibers called a fascicle

Veins need valves because:

Blood pressure is lowest in veins so the valves help it to oppose the force of gravity

All blood being drained from the lower limb will take this pathway back to the heart:

External iliac vein, common iliac vein, inferior vena cava

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome is an autoimmune disease that attacks voltage-gated calcium channels in the nerve terminal. Calcium channels are unable to open and as a result neurotransmitter is not released. What is a likely symptom of this condition?

Inability to contract the muscles

Estrogen is a hormone that aids in the absorption of calcium. When a woman reaches menopause, the production of estrogen is greatly reduced. Mary recently reached menopausal age and was advised to take a calcium supplement to reduce her risk of Osteoporosis. How can a menopause affect Mary's bones?

Osteoclasts will begin to break down calcium stored within the bone which can cause osteoporosis

The cell body of the Purkinje cells are located in the:

Purkinje cell layer

What salivary gland is responsible for producing a majority of our saliva and what kind of saliva is produced?

Submandibular; serous and mucous

Frank has been outside playing basketball in 101°F weather. Describe the appearance of his testicles from your understanding of their muscular anatomy.

They are father from his body and smooth because the muscles are relaxed.

The afferent division of the PNS __________, while the efferent division of the PNS ______________.

brings sensory information to the CNS; carries motor commands from CNS to effectors.

The word _______ in a muscle name indicates a function related to the head.

capitis

Below L1-L2, the vertebral canal is occupied by a bundle of spinal nerve roots called the:

cauda equina

Foramen ovale:

connects the two atria in the fetal heart

Which structure of the teeth is most similar to bone?

dentine

The hardest biologically manufactured substance in the body is ________.

enamel

Which of the following muscles form the Achille's Tendon?

gastrocnemius and soleus

Which bone feature is most proximal when compared to the other answers? a- Styloid process of the ulna b- head of the humerus c- head of the ulna d- head of the radius e- styloid process of the radius

head of the humerus

Which of the following is in the correct order of the olfactory pathway?

olfactory epithelium, olfactory nerve, olfactory tract, cerebral cortex

Scoliosis occurs from:

over-curvature laterally

Within the stomach lining, _______________ cells secrete hydrochloric acid.

parietal

The sagittal suture separates the:

parietal bones

Blood is pushed out from the right atrium into the right ventricle (every last drop of it) by this muscle. Can you name the structure?

pectinate muscles

Eva Marie is a boxer! She goes and trains at her gym to properly prepare for her competitions against other boxers. Her last match consisted of her throwing five punches in a row and resulted in a knock out. Which of the following muscles were used to perform a punch if we are discussing movement at the level of the SHOULDER joint?

pectoralis minor

Which of these is NOT a region of the spinal cord?

pelvic

The gastrocnemius acts to do the following:

plantar flex the ankle and flex the knee

Which cord is formed by all trunks?

posterior

Main function of a stratified epithelium is:

protection

Collectively as a group, the muscles of the anterior thigh that work together to extend the leg are referred to as:

quadriceps femoris

Alveoli are located in the lungs and assist with gas exchange and diffusion. The tissue found in the alveoli are made up of _________.

simple squamous epithelium

Which of the following branched patterns of nerves is part of the brachial plexus?

superior trunk, lateral cord, musculocutaneous nerve

The abducens nerve _________.

supplies innervation to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye

Which tarsal bone articulates with the tibia?

talus

Which structure separates the external auditory canal form the middle ear?

tympanic membrane

Select the correct statement about the heart valves.

The AV valves are supported by chordae tendineae so that they do not blow back up into the atria during ventricular contraction

Which of the following is NOT an accessory gland?

The gland that produces a watery, ion-rich fluid.

The "lubb" sound heard with a stethoscope is caused by:

Turbulence in the blood when the AV valves close

Which cranial nerve innervates the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid?

accessory

In the spinal cord, the somas of the lower motor neurons are found in the:

anterior horns

Which of the following separates the motor information from sensory information?

central sulcus

Which structure anchors the kidney to surrounding structures?

renal fascia

_________occurs when a receptor becomes so accustomed to the stimulation that it stops gathering impulses.

sensory adaptation

Which muscle extends the torso?

spinalis

Which of the following abducts the arm?

Deltoid

The type of epithelial cells present together with the type of epithelium in an organ or portion of the body give some information about its function. The presence of microvilli in a certain organ indicates that:

in this area, a lot of absorption takes place

Which statement defines elasticity?

the ability of a muscle to rebound toward its original length after a contraction

The diaphragm separates which two cavities?

thoracic and abdominal

What type of epithelium allows for expansion of the ureters and bladder to stretch in order to accommodate urine, and then recoil back to the original shape when they are empty?

transitional epithelium

Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by:

nociceptors

Which of the following is NOT a function of synovial fluid?

nourishment for osteocytes

The synovial joint between the atlas and axis is a:

pivot joint

Most stem cells differentiate into keratinocytes in which skin layer?

stratum basale