Anatomy: Heart

Typically, there are __________ papillary muscles projecting from the left ventricle's wall and attached to the chordae tendineae that support the left AV valve.

Two large

During a cardiac cycle, how many of the four chambers contract at any one time?

2

Of the four "normal" heart sounds, the initial "lubb" is when the

AV Valves close

The great cardiac vein runs along side the

Anterior Interventricular Artery

Most of the interventricular septum is supplied by the

Anterior Interventricular Artery.

Which structure marks the end of the left ventricle and the entrance to the aorta?

Aortic Semilunar Valve

Which valve prevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle when the ventricles relax?

Aortic semilunar valve

The papillary muscles attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by means of the

Chordae Tendineae

The chordae tendineae are made out of

Collagen Fibers

Which action causes the closure of the right atrioventricular valve?

Contraction of the right ventricle

The atria are separated from the ventricles externally by the

Coronary sulcus

Because of the constant inflow of blood, the atria are both thick-walled inferiorly located chambers.

False

During ventricular contraction the semilunar valves close in order to permit the blood to enter the large arterial trunks that carry blood away from the heart.

False

Which helps describe the endocardium?

Has single layer of epithelium; Has layer of areolar connective tissue; Epithelial cells are squamous

The foramen ovale is actually an opening in the

Interatrial Septum

For ___________ of the cardiac cycle, all four chambers are in diastole together.

One half

Though the autonomic innervation by autonomic centers in the brainstem cannot initiate a heartbeat, it can increase or decrease the heartbeat.

True

Which direction correctly fits the placement of the heart's apex?

Projects slightly anteroinferiorly and points toward the left side

Which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

Pulmonary Veins

The right border of the heart is supplied by the

Right marginal artery

Which are functions performed by the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

Separates the atria and ventricles; Anchors the heart valves; Provides electrical insulation between the atria and ventricles; Provides the framework for the attachment of the myocardium

Which circuit of the cardiovascular system is responsible for sending blood to the kidneys, stomach, and pelvic regions?

Systemic Circuit

The internal wall surface of each ventricle displays large, smooth, irregular muscular ridges called the

Trabeculae Carneae

All of the heart's sulci house blood vessels that supply the myocardium.

True

It is the contraction of the atria during atrial systole that completes the filling of the ventricles while the ventricles are in diastole.

True

No matter the cause, hypertrophy of the heart causes it to work less efficiently.

True

Some seventy percent of the ventricle filling is achieved passively without the contraction of the atria.

True

The embryo heart actually begins working before its development is complete.

True

The inferior chambers of the heart are the

Ventricles

The epicardium is another name for

Visceral layer of the serous pericardium