Anatomy (HSCI 103) Chapter 12

In one form of presynaptic inhibition the release of ________ inhibits the opening of voltage gated calcium channels in the axon terminus. A) glutamate B) GABA C) serotonin D) dopamine E) aspartate

GABA

Which neurotransmitter has a direct effect on opening chloride channels? A) dopamine B) norepinephrine C) serotonin D) GABA E) endorphins

GABA

Which of the following neurotransmitters are known to bind to G-protein coupled receptors? A) epinephrine B) serotonin C) dopamine D) GABA E) All of these bind to G-protein coupled receptors

All of these bind to G-protein coupled receptors

The molecule responsible for making cyclic AMP is called A) adenylate cyclase B) adenosine C) anandamide D) adenosine synthase E) G-protein

adenylate cyclase

IPSPs (inhibitory postsynaptic potentials) A) are local depolarizations. B) are local hyperpolarizations. C) increase membrane permeability to sodium ions. D) block the efflux of potassium ions. E) block the efflux of calcium ions

are local hyperpolarizations

The site in the neuron where EPSPs and IPSPs are integrated is the A) chemical synapse. B) electrical synapse. C) axon hillock. D) dendritic membrane. E) synaptic terminal

axon hillock

Which of the following is the primary second messenger in G-protein coupled post-synaptic cells? A) NO B) CO C) cAMP D) GABA E) ATP

cAMP

Synaptic delay is caused by A) neurotransmitter diffusion B) binding of acetylcholine to post-synaptic receptors C) calcium influx and neurotransmitter release D) production and transport of neurotransmitter within the neuron E) the lack of permeability of the post-synaptic membrane

calcium influx and neurotransmitter release

A postsynaptic neuron will have an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) when A) chemically regulated potassium channels are open and potassium is diffusing out of the cell. B) more calcium ions than usual diffuse into the neuron. C) chemically regulated sodium channels are open and sodium is diffusing into the cell. D) the neuron is hyperpolarized. E) more potassium ions than usual diffuse out of the neuron

chemically regulated sodium channels are open and sodium is diffusing into the cell

A deficiency in which neurotransmitter would cause Parkinson's-like symptoms? A) dopamine B) norepinephrine C) serotonin D) GABA E) endorphins

dopamine

In a(n) ________ synapse, current flows directly between cells. A) electrical B) cell C) chemical D) osmotic E) gap

electrical

EPSPs (excitatory postsynaptic potentials) occur when A) more potassium ions than usual leak out of a cell. B) more calcium ions than usual leak out of a cell. C) chloride ions enter a cell. D) extra sodium ions enter a cell. E) hyperpolarizations occur

extra sodium ions enter a cell

A neuron whose membrane potential shifts closer to threshold is said to be A) hyperpolarized. B) depolarized. C) facilitated. D) repolarized. E) at equilibrium

facilitated

Which of the following is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain that is important in learning and memory? A) glutamate B) gamma aminobutyric acid C) serotonin D) noradrenaline E) glycine Answer

glutamate

Which of the following neurotransmitters is a dissolved gas? A) serotonin B) glutamate C) aspartate D) nitric oxide E) histamine

nitric oxide

Adrenergic synapses release the neurotransmitter A) acetylcholine B) norepinephrine C) dopamine D) serotonin E) GABA

norepinephrine

In ________, activity at an axoaxonic synapse increases the amount of neurotransmitter released when an action potential arrives at the axon terminus. A) presynaptic inhibition B) presynaptic facilitation C) spatial summation D) temporal summation E) spatial facilitation

presynaptic facilitation

The release of GABA and subsequent inhibition of voltage gated calcium channels is associated with A) presynaptic inhibition. B) presynaptic facilitation. C) spatial summation. D) temporal summation. E) spatial facilitation

presynaptic inhibition

After acetylcholinesterase acts, the synaptic terminal A) reabsorbs the acetylcholine B) reabsorbs the acetate C) reabsorbs the choline D) reabsorbs axoplasm E) pinches off and a new terminal grows

reabsorbs the choline

Which neurotransmitter has widespread effects on a person's attention and emotional state? A) dopamine B) norepinephrine C) serotonin D) GABA E) endorphins

serotonin

Summation that results from the cumulative effect of multiple synapses at multiple places on the neuron is designated A) spatial summation. B) temporal summation. C) inhibition of the impulse. D) hyperpolarization. E) impulse transmission

spatial summation

At a synapse the 0.2-0.5 milliseconds it takes for calcium influx and neurotransmitter release is called A) latency period B) synaptic delay C) recovery period D) repolarization E) synaptic diffusion

synaptic delay

When a second EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential) arrives at a single synapse before the effects of the first have disappeared, what occurs? A) spatial summation B) temporal summation C) inhibition of the impulse D) hyperpolarization E) decrease in speed of impulse transmission

temporal summation