Anatomy Midterm 2020

Organs are made up of tissues. A group of organs working together to perform a function for the body is called

An organ system

Jocelyn and Briac are studying for an anatomy test. Jocelyn says the upper thigh is proximal to the hip when compared to the knee. Briac says the upper thigh is inferior to the hip. Who is correct in the statements?

Both Jocelyn and Briac are correct. Both of their statements are true.

Which statement best explains why the body releases insulin after a meal high in carbohydrates?

Carbohydrates contain a lot of glucose, and insulin regulates blood glucose.

Which is an example of the body maintaining homeostasis using a positive feedback loop?

During childbirth, the body releases chemicals to promote the process until the child is born.

Which best describes diseased tissue?

Has an error at the cellular level

Why is regional terminology useful to healthcare workers?

It allows healthcare workers to talk about areas of the body without confusion.

A healthy blood pH for humans is around 7.4. Lee's blood pH is 7.2. Which statement most likely describes Lee's condition and treatment plan?

Lee has acidosis and will receive infusions of bicarbonate.

Skin is the main barrier between internal organs and the outside environment. The outer layer of skin is composed mostly of epithelial cells. Which is a characteristic of epithelial cells that makes them ideal for providing this type of protection?

The cells are packed tightly together.

Review the diagram below. Which statement accurately describes the position of two parts of the body?

The heart is medial to the lungs.

A patient complains of thirst, blurry vision, numb hands, and frequent urination. Which statement best explains why a doctor performed a blood glucose test on this patient? (A blood glucose test tests for levels of sugar in the blood.)

The patient might have diabetes.

Which best describes the location and direction of the sternal region to the umbilical region?

The sternal region is superior to the umbilical region.

Which is true of all organs in the human body?

They are made up of two or more tissue types.

Ryan found the following paragraph in his notebook. These imaginary sections that cut through the human body are very helpful when studying how the body works because they make it easier to visualize where structures in the body are located. They also enable health professionals to communicate more efficiently and avoid making mistakes. What is the best title for this paragraph?

Uses of Anatomical Planes

The table contains information about membranes and some of their structural components. Information is missing as indicated by the letters X, Y, and Z.

X - cutaneous membrane; Y - parietal layer, visceral layer; Z - synovial membrane

The diagram shows human body cavities. Which letter in the diagram shows the abdomino-pelvic cavity?

Z

An imaginary plane that divides the head so that the face is one side and the back of the head is the other side is known as

a frontal plane

What is regional terminology?

a set of vocabulary words that healthcare workers use to refer to specific regions of the body

A two-dimensional section of the body is known as an

anatomical plane

Which superficial landmarks would best help describe the location of the dark spot on the image below?

anterior axillary and midaxillary lines

What are the two main regions of the body?

axial and appendicular

Which of the following terms belongs in a different group?

axillary

Which shows the correct order of processes the body undergoes to maintain blood glucose levels?

blood glucose lowers glucagon is released glucose rises insulin is released

Meningitis is a condition in which the meninges becomes swollen. What is the greatest immediate concern for a patient who has meningitis?

brain damage

A patient suffered a serious injury to her chest area. She will most likely have problems with

breathing due to lung damage.

Blood pressure can be taken by using the carotid artery. This artery is found on the side of the neck. Which region best describes the location of the carotid artery?

cervical

What is one main function of nervous tissue?

communication between the brain and the rest of the body

What are the four main types of exocrine glands?

digestive, mammary, sweat, sebaceous

Which answer choice correctly identifies the anatomical side that is featured in the diagram below and the anatomical features that are labeled?

dorsal; A: back of the head, B: scapula, C: vertebrae, D: sacrum, E: calf

Which type of plane would best separate the nose from the rest of the head?

frontal

A ___________________is a condition that strays from normal homeostasis.

homeostatic imbalance

Juan was exposed to extremely cold temperatures for several days. His body is unable to maintain homeostasis, most likely resulting in which dangerous condition?

hypothermia

The sternum, or breastbone, connects the ribs in the chest area while the vertebral column connects the ribs on the back area of the body. Which directional terms best describe the location of the sternum in relation to the vertebral column?

in the axial region of the body, anterior to the vertebral column

Which superficial landmarks could help a health professional locate the pancreas in the body?

midclavicular line and midventral line

If a person's body is too cold, a __________________ will induce shivering to restore it back to normal.

negative feedback loop

Calcium is a substance found in certain foods. It helps the body build and maintain strong teeth and bones. A diet high in calcium would be most helpful in preventing which disease?

osteoporosis

Abbie went to the hospital complaining of chest pain. Which terms describe the area that she could be referring to?

pectoral and sternal

Willem felt heat as his hand got close to a flame. A signal was sent to his brain, telling him to pull his hand away. Which type of cells were responsible for detecting the heat?

sensory neurons

Negative feedback works to bring the body back to its

set point.

Surface anatomy is the study of

shapes and structures on the surface of the body, as they relate to deeper structures.

A healthcare worker is observing a patient's red blood cells under a microscope. Which disease is the healthcare worker most likely trying to diagnose?

sickle cell anemia

Which list shows levels of organization from smallest to largest?

specialized cells, cardiac muscle, heart

Which two terms indicate the same area of the body?

superior and cranial

In the image of the brain below, the directional terms that are indicated by the arrows are

superior and inferior.

Tyrone slipped and fell on his gluteal region. Which area of his body did he injure?

the buttocks

Based on the organs pictured below, which organ system is represented in this image?

the digestive system

Garrett was admitted to the hospital after sustaining an injury. While waiting for skin-graft surgery, he received fluids through a needle inserted directly into his vein. Garrett was most likely being treated for

third-degree burns.

Which plane divides the body into top and bottom sections?

transverse

What two regions of the body are represented in blue in the diagram below?

upper extremities and lower extremities

Which answer choice correctly identifies the anatomical side that is featured in the diagram below and the anatomical features that are labeled?

ventral; A: face, B: sternum, C: navel, D: groin, E: knee

Which region is also the spinal column region?

vertebral