Anatomy Midterm Review

The reactions of anaerobic respiration occur in the

cytosol.

The attraction of the positive hydrogen end of a polar molecule to the negative nitrogen or oxygen end of another polar molecule is called a(an)

hydrogen bond

An example of catabolism is

hydrolysis.

Movement of molecules through a membrane by filtration depends upon

hydrostatic pressure

If a solution outside of a cell contains a greater concentration of dissolved particles than the contents of the cell, the solution is said to be

hypertonic

Apoptosis is

a form of cell death.

The figure illustrates:

a metabolic pathway

The sharing of electrons between two atoms occurs with ____ bonds.

covalent

Which type of tissue provides support, protection, and fills spaces of the body?

connective

Which classification of tissue are tendons?

connective tissue

The phases of the cell cycle are

interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis.

The heart, esophagus, trachea and thymus are located within the _________________.

mediastinum

The transfer of genetic information from the nucleus into the cytoplasm is a function of

messenger RNA.

The term ____ refers to the chemical reactions that involve the acquisition, storage, or release of energy within cells.

metabolism

Which of the following includes all the others? excretion digestion metabolism respiration absorption

metabolism

Anabolism and catabolism together constitute

metabolism.

Spread of cancer cells beyond the tissue where they originated is called

metastasis.

Release energy from nutrients

mitochondria

The organelle that houses the reactions of aerobic respiration is the

mitochondrion.

In dehydration synthesis

monosaccharides are joined.

Which type of cell has many mitochondria?

muscle

A part that is above another part is said to be

superior

Which of the following is isotonic to red blood cells?

0.9 percent NaCl solution.

Match the following cell parts to their structure.

1. Composed of protein and a lipid bilayer (Cell membrane) 2. Membranous sacs with interior partitions (Mitochondrion) 3. Group of flattened, membranous sacs (Golgi apparatus) 4. Particles composed of protein and RNA molecules (Ribosome) 5. Nonmembranous structure composed of two rodlike centrioles (Centrosome)

Match the following cell parts to their function.

1. Controls passage of materials into and out of the cell (Cell membrane) 2. Controls passage of materials between nucleus and cytoplasm (Nuclear envelope) 3. Site of ribosome synthesis (Nucleolus) 4. Contains information for synthezing proteins (Chromatin) 5. Helps distribute chromosomes to new cells during cell division (Centrosome)

Which of the following is the number of elements living organisms require?

20

List the end products of the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose.

6CO2, 6H2O, 34-36 ATP

Complete the following sentences to describe the basic components of a cell.

A cell is the basic unit of an organism and is composed of 3 major parts. The cell membrane forms the outer most layer of the cell. The nucleus contains DNA and directs the cell's functions. The cytoplasm contains small organs known as organelles and a liquid called the cytosol.

Complete each sentence describing the vesicular transport process and place the sentences in order .

A phagocyte, a cell that can take in solid particles, encounters a microbe in the body. A portion of the cells membrane projects outward to encircle the microbe. When completely surrounded, the microbe is brought into the cell in a vesicle. A lysosome fuses with the vesicle and its enzymesdegrade and digest the microbe. The products of the decomposition can diffuse out of the lysosome and into the cytoplasm or via the process called exocytosis, be removed from the cell.

A DNA strand has the sequence T, C, G, A, T, C. The sequence of the complementary strand is

A, G, C, T, A, G.

A decomposition reaction can be symbolized as ________.

AB→A+B

Name the primary energy-carrying molecule in the cell.

ATP

Which term describes a solution that contains more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions?

Basic

What was the MOST effective way to understand and begin treating sickness?

By observation of the natural processes in the human body.

What is the overall chemical equation for the process of cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

Which of the following describes a cleavage furrow?

Cellular constriction that occurs towards the end of mitosis.

A neuron is a type of neuroglia.

False

Cellular respiration occurs in three distinct, yet interconnected series of reactions. Which of the following gives the correct order of these reactions?

Glycolysis, citric acid cycle and electron transport chain

Which of the following are examples of types of gated channels? (check all that apply)

Ligand-gated channels Active-gated channels Voltage-gated channels Mechanically-gated channels

Because of mitosis and cytoplasmic division, the resulting cells have

Identical chromosomes and identical DNA information.

In the animation for simple diffusion, what happens to the O2 molecules when you increase the concentration on the interstitial fluid side of the membrane?

Increased O2 concentration forces the CO2 molecules to move to the cytosol side of the membrane.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of nerve tissue?

Its intercellular spaces are filled with collagen.

What allows for substances to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm?

Nuclear pores

_______________processes do not require the use of ATP while _____________processes do.

Passive transport, active transport

Which of the following lists includes the phases of mitosis in the correct sequence?

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

A nucleolus is composed largely of

RNA and protein.

RNA molecules differ from DNA molecules in several ways. (choose the best answer)

RNA molecules are single-stranded, their nucleotides include the sugar ribose and the nucleotide uracil.

Ribosomes are composed largely of protein and

RNA.

Identify the organelles that match the functions listed.

Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis Mitochondria: site of reactions that release energy from food substances Golgi apparatus: modifies and packages proteins for transport and secretion Lysosomes: contain enzymes necessary for digesting substances that enter the cell Peroxisomes: contain enzymes that catalyze metabolic reactions that release hydrogen peroxide

Which of the following cell types are least likely to reproduce?

Skeletal muscle cells.

Which of the following describes the steps in the correct order for an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

Substrate, enzyme, enzyme-substrate complex, product+enzyme molecule

Which two statements correctly describe the atoms of a single element?

The atoms of the same element may have different numbers of protons but must have the same number of neutrons. The atomic weight and the atomic number will be the same for all atoms of an element

Which of the following is not a characteristic step in a cell undergoing apoptosis?

The cell retains the ability to divide continuously.

Complete the following sentences describing the cell cycle. Then position the sentences so that they describe the order of the cell cycle.

The first phase of the cell cycle is interphase, where the cell is actively growing and duplicating its contents and DNA. After the period of preparedness, mitosis begins. This time of the cell cycle is broken up into 4 stages. In prophase, the chromatin fibers condense, making the individual chromosomes visible. Also during this phase, newly formed centrioles move to the opposite ends of the cell. In metaphase, the spindles attach to the chromosomes and the chromosomes are moved to the center of the cell. In anaphase, the spindle fibers shorten, splitting the sister chromatids and pulling them towards the centrioles at the opposite ends of the cell. In telophase, the chromosomes complete the migration to the centrioles and the nuclear envelope reassembles. The last phase of the cell cycle is cytokinesis, where the cytoplasm divides and two identical daughter cells are formed.

What is the definition of homeostasis?

The maintenance of a stable internal environment.

Which of the following describes the primary structure of a protein?

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Complete the following sentences describing the structure of nucleic acids.

The subunits that form nucleic acids are called nucleotides. Each subunit consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a(n) nitrogenous base. The sugar deoxyribose is found in the type of nucleic acid called DNAwhile the sugar ribose is found in the nucleic acid called RNA. DNA consists of two chain(s) of subunits, and RNA consists of onechain(s).

How do lipids differ from other organic compounds?

They are insoluble in water.

What is the function of nervous tissue?

To coordinate and integrate the body through electrical signals.

The anticodon sequence is part of a transfer RNA.

True

Cells in different tissues vary considerably. Which of the following determines a cell's specialized function?

Which genes it uses.

Complete the sentences describing the process of "burning" glucose.

Within the cytoplasm, glucose enters a series of anaerobic reactions called glycolysis, producing two 3-carbon compounds called pyruvic acid. The pyruvic acid molecules then enter the mitochondia of the cell where they are converted to acetyl CoA by losing a carbon dioxide molecule. Acetyl CoA then binds with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid, beginning a series of reactions called the citric acid cycle. During the citric acid cycle, the carbons that remain from the original glucose split off as carbon dioxide. During each cycle, one ATP is made. Throughout both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, hydrogen atoms and high-energy electrons are released. They are picked up by a carrier molecule. The carrier molecule delivers high-energy electrons to the series of enzymes called the electron transport chain. As the electrons pass along these enzymes, their energy is used to make ATP.

The formula H2O means

a molecule contains 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom.

What type of chemical bond involves the unequal sharing of electrons between two atoms?

a polar molecule

Carbon dioxide is

a waste product of metabolic processes.

Which of the following cellular processes requires the greatest expenditure of cellular energy?

active transport

Which of the following processes uses specific carrier molecules?

active transport

Water is a major component of the extracellular fluid. all of the above. a requirement of life. a component of the internal environment. the most abundant chemical in the body.

all of the above

Metabolism is defined as

all of the chemical reactions in the body that break down and build up substances.

Epithelial tissue functions in

all of these

Chemical reactions in which large molecules are built from small molecules are classified as ______ reactions. In contrast, ______ reactions involve breaking large molecules down into smaller ones.

anabolic; catabolic

Glycolysis is referred to as the ____________ phase of cellular respiration because it does not require oxygen.

anaerobic

Centromeres pull apart during

anaphase

The branch of science that deals with the structure of human body parts is called ______________.

anatomy

Tina has a sunburn. A week later, the skin on her burnt shoulder peels away. The cells are undergoing

apoptosis.

The amino acids from proteins and the glycerol and fatty acids from fats can be "burned" to yield ATP using the cellular respiration pathways. However, these nutrient molecules do not go through glycolysis first. Indicate the various points along the cellular respiration pathway that these molecules can enter.

as pyruvic acid as acetyl CoA as glucose

Chemicals that resist changes in pH are called

buffers

Chemicals that resist changes in pH are called

buffers.

Organic substances always contain the elements hydrogen and _______________.

carbon

Of the items listed, which is not required from the environment for the maintenance of life?

carbon dioxide

Which of the following is not organic?

carbon dioxide

Which elements make up 95% (by weight) of the human body?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Cartilage tissues are likely to be slow in healing following an injury because

cartilage tissues lack direct blood supplies.

Vesicles are formed by folding of the

cell membrane

A composite cell has three basic parts. They are the

cell membrane, nucleus and cytoplasm.

What is the correct order of organization in the body?

cells to tissues to organs

Bone cells are arranged in concentric circles around longitudinal tubes in cylinder-shaped units called

central canals.

A centrosome consists of two structures called

centrioles

Important in cellular division

centrosome

The electrons in the outermost shell of an atom determine its

chemical behavior

Atoms can interact with other atoms by forming __________.

chemical bonds

All of the food that we eat, liquids that we drink and medications that we take are

chemicals

An organelle type that is built of microtubules and fringes the free surfaces of certain cell types is a

cilium

The primary type of chemical reaction involved in the digestion of a meal by the digestive system is a(n):

decomposition reaction

A protein that is altered by exposure to certain chemicals, heat, extremes of pH, electricity, or radiation, is said to be

denatured

Tendons and ligaments are composed primarily of

dense connective tissue.

The process of specialization by a cell is called ___.

differentiation

Enzymes

do not change as they control reactions.

As a group, compounds that release ions when they dissolve in water are called

electrolytes

The component of an atom that forms chemical bonds with another atom are the:

electrons

All matter is composed of atoms of fundamental substances called ________________.

elements

Two functions of the cell membrane are

enabling the cell to communicate and attach to other cells.

A basement membrane anchors

epithelial tissue to connective tissue.

A chemical reaction in which pairs of two different molecules trade positions is called a(an) _________ reaction.

exchange

Nerve cells release neurotransmitters using

exocytosis

The process by which glucose can pass through a membrane using special carrier proteins is called

facilitated transport.

A cell that secretes abundant proteins, such as a cell in the pancreas secreting insulin, would have extra nuclei.

false

A gated channel protein is always open to allow molecules to pass through as part of the process of facilitated diffusion.

false

A substance that releases hydrogen ions in water is a base.

false

All mutations are harmful.

false

An element with an atomic number of 6 contains 12 protons.

false

Cholesterol is a protein.

false

Interphase is a "time out" in the cell cycle, when the cell rests its synthetic activities.

false

Mitochondria manufacture proteins.

false

Muscle tissue conducts nerve impulses from one neuron to another and coordinates body activities.

false

Parietal membranes are attached to the surfaces of organs.

false

Proteins include DNA and RNA.

false

The Golgi apparatus contains DNA.

false

The atomic weight of an atom of an element equals the number of neutrons in its nucleus.

false

The basic framework of a cell membrane is a triple layer of lipid molecules.

false

The building blocks of fat molecules are amino acids.

false

The digestive system filters wastes from the blood and maintains fluid and electrolyte balance.

false

The elbow is distal to the wrist.

false

The movement of molecules from where they are not highly concentrated to where they are highly concentrated is called diffusion.

false

Too infrequent cell division can lead to cancer, whereas too frequent cell division can delay wound healing.

false

Translation is the assembly of an amino acid chain according to the sequence of base triplets in a transfer RNA molecule.

false

The process that kidneys use to cleanse blood is

filtration

A single base change in the DNA base order might impact the final protein product of the transcription/translation process IF the base change alters the amino acid called for during translation. It is an alteration in the _____ base of a codon that is most likely to result in a change in the amino acid placed the final protein product.

first

Identify the process illustrated in this figure:

functioning of an enzyme

If an atom had 7 electrons in second shell, it would need to _______ electron(s) to become stable.

gain 1

As hydrogen ion concentration increases, the pH number

gets smaller.

List the components of a phospholipid.

glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group

The organic molecule called ______ is formed of branched chains of sugar units. It is used by humans (and other mammals) to store carbohydrate in the liver and skeletal muscle.

glycogen

Which of the following is not a component of the cell membrane's structure?

glycogen

Cardiac muscle is found in the wall of the

heart

Adrenoleukodystrophy is an inborn error of metabolism that causes brain degeneration starting at age 5 or 6. The defect is in peroxisomes. This is an organelle that

houses several types of enzymes.

The type of chemical bond formed when ions with opposite electrical charges are attracted to one another is called _________________________.

ionic

A DNA molecule

is composed of joined nucleotides.

The higher the pH value of a solution, the _____ hydrogen ion is present.

less

Requirements of humans do not include light. pressure. foods. oxygen. water.

light

During the metaphase of mitosis, chromosomes

line up between the centrioles.

Which of the following would be a correct location for epithelial tissue?

lining the inside of the mouth

If an atom had 2 electrons in its third shell, it would need to _____ electron(s) to become stable.

lose 2

Enzymes enable chemical reactions in organisms to proceed fast enough to sustain life by

lowering the activation energy.

Digest worn-out cellular parts

lysosomes

Homeostasis refers to....

maintaining internal conditions.

Genes carry information that instructs a cell to

make specific proteins from amino acids.

____________ is defined as anything that has weight and takes up space.

matter

Endoplasmic reticulum is best described as a

network of interconnected membranes.

In nervous tissue, the cell type that carries out the main function of the tissue is the ___.

neuron

The atoms of the isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of

neutrons

The atoms of the isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of...

neutrons

The parts of a DNA molecule that contain the genetic information for making particular proteins are the

nitrogenous bases.

The three major parts of the cell are the ______.

nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane

Specialized structures found in the cytoplasm of the cell are called ___.

organelles

Energy needed for cellular function comes from the "burning" or _____ of glucose, fats, and protein.

oxidation

The correct chemistry term for the process of "burning" glucose is the ______ of glucose.

oxidation

At the end of the electron transport chain, the electrons and hydrogen combine with _______, the final electron acceptor.

oxygen

White blood cells that take in particles and cellular debris are termed

phagocytes.

The weight of the air produces a force called atmospheric ________________.

pressure

Which phase of mitotic cell division is represented by this picture?

prophase

The activity that takes place on ribosomes is

protein synthesis

A cell membrane is composed mostly of

proteins and lipids

Mitochondria

release energy from glucose molecules.

Which product of glucose breakdown has the most energy associated with it?

released electrons

ATP molecules provide energy for cellular activities by:

releasing the terminal phosphate group and the energy associated with the bond.

The ability of an organism to sense changes in its body is an example of

responsiveness

Attached to the surfaces of rough endoplasmic reticulum are

ribosomes

Production of proteins

ribosomes

Which of the following is an organelle responsible for protein synthesis?

ribosomes

A person has alkalosis if the blood pH

rises above 7.4.

If an atom had 4 electrons in its second shell, it would need to ____ electron(s) to become stable.

share 4

The tissue through which gases are exchanged between the blood and the air in the lungs is

simple squamous epithelium.

A type of cell that has a flagellum is a(n)

sperm

Smooth muscle is found in the wall of the

stomach and intestine.

Each enzyme acts only on a particular chemical called its

substrate.

What does pH measure?

the amount of hydrogen ions in a solution

Anabolism includes

the buildup of larger molecules from smaller ones, requiring energy.

The axial portion of the body includes

the cranial cavity, vertebral canal, thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity.

The interior of a cell membrane is oily because

the phospholipid tails are made of fatty acids.

The mediastinum separates

the thoracic cavity into right and left parts.

In these activities, you practiced matching complementary bases, just as occurs during DNA replication, transcription, and translation. During replication, adenine complements ______. During transcription and translation, adenine complements ______.

thymine, uracil

During protein synthesis, amino acids are positioned in the proper sequence by molecules of

transfer RNA.

The type of epithelium that lines the urinary bladder and many urinary passageways is

transitional.

A 5 percent solution of glucose is isotonic to human cells.

true

A codon is a set of three nucleotides of an mRNA molecule that correspond to a particular amino acid.

true

A covalent bond is formed by two atoms that share electrons.

true

A molecular formula represents the numbers and types of atoms in a molecule.

true

A molecule of a compound always contains definite kinds and numbers of atoms.

true

A pH value indicates the hydrogen ion concentration in solutions, including body fluids.

true

A salt is a compound composed of oppositely charged ions.

true

A skeletal muscle fiber contains many nuclei.

true

All materials, including those of the human body, are composed of chemicals.

true

An atom that has gained or lost electrons is called an ion.

true

Apoptosis is a normal part of development.

true

Blood is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets that are suspended in a fluid extercellular matrix called plasma.

true

Bone cells (osteocytes) are arranged in concentric circles around longitudinal tubes (central canals).

true

Bone cells are also called osteocytes.

true

During the metaphase of mitosis, chromosomes line up between the two centrioles.

true

Genes pass to the next generation in eggs and sperm.

true

If two pairs of electrons are shared, the resulting bond is called a double covalent bond.

true

In anaphase of mitosis, centromeres and duplicated parts of chromosomes separate.

true

In osmosis, water diffuses down its concentration gradient.

true

Many inorganic substances dissociate in water to release ions.

true

Most metabolic processes use chemical energy.

true

Sodium and chloride ions readily combine because they have opposite charges.

true

Special proteins called enzymes control the reactions of metabolism.

true

Specialized structures within cells are called organelles.

true

Steroid molecules have four connected rings of carbon atoms.

true

The building blocks of proteins are amino acids.

true

The genetic material (DNA) is the component of the cell that carries hereditary information.

true

The molecular formula for compounds like sodium chloride (NaCl) give the relative amounts of each element present.

true

The muscular system is responsible for body movements, maintenance of posture and production of body heat.

true

The organ systems responsible for integration and coordination are the nervous and endocrine systems.

true

The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.

true

The structure of a body part is closely related to its function.

true

The traits that humans share with other organisms are called characteristics of life.

true

Water accounts for 2/3 of the weight of an adult human.

true

Water is an example of a compound.

true

When two or more atoms bond, they form a new kind of particle called a molecule.

true

A sucrose molecule decomposing to yield a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule

uses a water molecule.

If the concentration of glucose in the water outside of a cell is higher than the concentration inside

water will tend to leave the cell by osmosis.

Complete the sentences describing the components of matter.

Anything that has weight and takes up space is defined as matter, which is composed of many different types of elements. Different elements, such as oxygen and hydrogen, are composed of particles called atoms, each with a structure unique to that element (unique numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons). Atoms can combine to form larger particles called molecules. Atoms combine by forming attractions called chemical bonds.

Match each description with the correct inorganic compound.

Metabolic reactions that release energy from nutrient molecules produce this waste molecule. (Carbon dioxide) Metabolic reactions that release energy from nutrient molecules need this molecule to work effectively. (Oxygen) When this type of compound dissociates, it releases electrolytes. (Salt) This compound serves as a solvent, a transport medium, and a participant in many chemical reactions. (Water)

This question looks at definitions of terms related to pH. Choose the term that matches each description.

One of ninety-two distinct substances, each with unique chemical properties. (Element) Particle consisting of nucleus and orbiting electrons. (Atom) Particle formed by chemical bonding of two or more atoms. (Molecule) Anything with weight and that takes up space. (Matter)

These definitions describe basic chemical terms. Match each definition with the correct term.

One of ninety-two distinct substances, each with unique chemical properties. (Element) Particle consisting of nucleus and orbiting electrons. (Atom) Particle formed by chemical bonding of two or more atoms. (Molecule) Anything with weight and that takes up space. (Matter)

Which of the following lists illustrates the idea of increasing levels of organization?

Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

This question looks at definitions of terms related to pH. Choose the term that matches each description.

Substance that combines with H+ to remove it from solution; increases pH. (Base) Substance that releases H+; decreases pH. (Acid) Substance that resists a change in pH.(Buffer) Product (along with water) of a reaction between an acid and a base. (Salt)

Complete the following sentences describing the relationship between anatomy and physiology.

The study of the structure of body parts is called anatomy and the study of the function of those body parts is called physiology. The subjects of anatomy and physiology are closely related to each other. Examples of this relationship include the following: A human hand is jointed, which makes it easy to grasp objects. The chambers of the heart are hollow allowing them to pump blood. The bones of the body are rigid, which allows them to support body weight.

What was a reason for our ancestors to begin studying the human body?

To understand what caused illness.

Complete the sentences describing pH.

When the amount of hydrogen ion in a solution is increased, the pH of the solution will be decreased. In a solution with a pH of 7.0, the amount of hydrogen ions is equal to the number of hydroxide ions. A solution with a pH below 7.0 is considered acidic. A solution of pH 2.0 is ten times more acidic that a solution of pH 3.0.

Which of the following best describes the smaller cavities in the head? the nasal cavity the middle ear cavities the oral cavity the paranasal sinuses all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following best describes the smaller cavities in the head? the paranasal sinuses the middle ear cavities all of the above the nasal cavity the oral cavity

all of the above

Incorporating substances into the body and changing them to chemically different forms is called

assimilation.

Each element is composed of characteristic tiny particles called _________________.

atoms

What portion of the human organism consists of the head, neck, and trunk?

axial portion

Examples of ______ include the breakdown of glucose by cells to provide energy, the bonding of oxygen to hemoglobin, and the digestion of your meal by your gastrointestinal tract.

chemistry

The parts of an atom that lack an electrical charge are called _________________.

neutrons

The number of protons in the atoms of a particular element is called the element's atomic __________.

number

The __________________ cavity contains the teeth and tongue.

oral

Of the four listed below, what is the smallest (least complex)? organ tissue cell organelle

organelle

The __________________ cavity is the part of the abdominopelvic cavity that contains the terminal portion of the large intestine, the urinary bladder and the internal reproductive organs.

pelvic

An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how temperature changes affect the rate at which the heart beats is most likely a(an)

physiologist

The branch of science that deals with the functions of human body parts is called ___________________.

physiology

The different types of carbohydrates do not include

proteins

The ability of an organism to sense changes in its body is an example of excretion respiration movement absorption responsiveness

responsiveness

The electrons of an atom occupy one or more areas of space called

shells

The electrons of an atom occupy one or more areas of space called...

shells

Which of the following examples illustrates a homeostatic mechanism?

shivering in response to a drop in body temperature

Cellular organelles use oxygen to release energy from glucose.

true

Chemistry is the branch of science that deals with the composition of matter.

true

Heat helps determine the rate of metabolic reactions.

true

Heat is a form of energy.

true

Matter is anything that has weight and takes up space.

true

The diaphragm separates the thoracic and the abdominopelvic cavities.

true

The ears are lateral to the eyes.

true

The human organism can be divided into an axial portion and appendicular portion.

true

When two or more atoms (reactants) bond to form a more complex structure (product) the reaction is called synthesis.

true

Which of the following organs is found in the pelvic cavity? urinary bladder gallbladder spleen kidneys liver

urinary bladder

The membrane on the surface of the lung is called the...

visceral pleura.

Which of the following substances is not an element?

water

Which of the following substances is not an element? Iron Oxygen Water Carbon Hydrogen

water

The atomic ___________ of an atom of an element equals the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus.

weight

Match the correct serous membrane with the description of the membrane's location.

1. Parietal pleura (Lines the thoracic cavity.) 2. Visceral pleura (Covers the lungs.) 3. Parietal pericardium (Lines the pericardial cavity.) 4. Visceral pericardium (Covers the heart.) 5. Parietal peritoneum (Lines the abdominal cavity.) 6. Visceral peritoneum (Covers the abdominal organs.)

Complete the following sentences to describe a particular class of organic compounds.

1. The class of organic molecules called lipids are hydrophobic. 2. A triglyceride molecule consists of three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule. 3. In contrast, a phospholipid molecule consists of two fatty acids and a phosphate group bonded to the glycerol. 4. A fatty acid that is classified as a saturated fatty acid has no double bonds within its carbon chain.

Match the requirements for life with the correct definition.

1.) The most abundant chemical in the body; transports heat and helps regulates body temperature. Water 2. Substances that provide the body with necessary chemicals, used for energy or building. Food 3. A gas molecule that is used to release energy from food. Oxygen 4. A form of energy released during metabolism. Heat 5. An application of force that helps move things in the body. Pressure

Match the description with the appropriate characteristic of life.

1.Change in position of the body (Movement) 2.Reaction to a change inside the body (Responsiveness) 3.Obtain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide (Respiration) 4.Movement of substances in the body fluids (Circulation)

Match the process to the proper example.

1.Change in position of the body or of a body part; motion of an internal organ (Movement) 2.Reaction to a change inside or outside the body (Responsiveness) 3.Increase in body size without change in shape (Growth) 4.Production of new organisms and new cells (Reproduction) 5.Obtaining oxygen, removing carbon dioxide, and releasing energy from foods (Respiration) 6.Breakdown of food substances into simpler forms that can be absorbed and used (Digestion) 7.Passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids (Absorption) 8.Movement of substances in body fluids (Circulation) 9.Changing absorbed substances into chemically different forms (Assimilation) 10.Removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions (Excretion)

Each whole number on the pH scale represents a ____ - fold difference in hydrogen ion concentration.

10

The first electron shell of an atom can hold a maximum of

2 electrons

A solution that has a pH of 6 has ten times the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution with a pH of

7