Anatomy Oral Quiz 1

What passes through the quadrangular space of the scapula? Describe the quadrangle's borders.

(A) The posterior circumflex humeral artery and the Axillary nerve pass through the quadrangular space. Medial border - long head of triceps brachii, Lateral border - humerus, Superior border - teres minor, Inferior border - teres major

What passes through the triangular space of the scapula? Describe the triangle's borders.

(B) The circumflex scapular artery passes through the triangular space of the scapula. Lateral border - long head of triceps brachii Superior border - teres minor Inferior border - teres major

Demonstrate and describe the articulations between a thoracic vertebrae and rib.

1 - The demifacet on the body of the thoracic vertebrae articulates with the tubercle on the head of the rib. 2 - The costal facet on the costal tubercle of the rib articulates with the transverse facet on the transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae.

THORACIC - # vertebrae/# nerve pairs

12 vertebrae/12 nerve pairs

COCCYX - # vertebrae/# nerve pairs

3-5 vertebrae (fused)/1 nerve pair

LUMBAR - # vertebrae/# nerve pairs

5 vertebrae/5 nerve pairs

SACRAL - # vertebrae/# nerve pairs

5 vertebrae/5 nerve pairs

CERVICAL - # vertebrae/# nerve pairs

7 vertebrae/8 nerve pairs

Difference between gray and white matter in SPINAL CORD

A. Gray matter is inner matter that is horn shaped consisting of cell bodies of interneurons, motor neurons, glial cells and unmyelinated axons B. White matter is outer consisting of myelinated motor and sensory neurons.

Identify the posterior serratus inferior and posterior serratus superior on the donor. State the blood supply and nerve supply for these muscles.

A. Posterior Serratus Inferior - Nerve Supply: Posterior Intercostal nerves T9 - T12 - Blood Supply: Posterior intercostal arteries T9 - T12 B. Posterior Serratus Superior - Nerve Supply: Posterior Intercostal nerves T2 - T5 - Blood Supply: Posterior intercostal arteries T2 - T5

On your cadaver, identify the Trapezius and Latissimus dorsi and state the innervation and arterial supply.

A. Trapezius - Blood Supply: Superficial Branch of the Transverse Cervical Artery OR the Superficial Cervical Artery. - Nerve Supply: CN XI - Accessory nerve (spinal part) B. Latissimus dorsi - Blood Supply: Thoracodorsal Artery - Nerve Supply: Thoracodorsal nerve (AKA Middle Subscapular nerve)

Name the 3 continuous ligaments of the spine

Anterior/Posterior longitudinal ligament Supraspinous ligament

Name the joints between the atlas and axis (and type)

Atlantoaxial joint: 1 - between articulating facets of each vertebrae (atlas + axis) 2 - articulation of the dens of the axis and the facet for the dens on the atlas. Synovial-pivot.

Name the joint between the atlas and occipital bone (and type)

Atlantooccipital joint (articulation of the occipital condyles and the superior articular facets of the atlas) Synovial-condyloid.

What is the blood supply for the Splenius capitis and Splenius cervicis?

Branches off the occipital artery from the external carotid artery

At what vertebral level is vertebra prominens?

C7

Name the regions of the most lateral muscle of the erector spinae group.

Cervicis, thoracis, lumborum (on the iliocostalis)

What member of the erector spinae group is not supplied by the lateral sacral artery? What is its blood supply?

Iliocostalis; it is supplied by intercostal and lumbar arteries

At what location does the spinal cord end in an adult?

L1-L2

At what vertebral level is iliac crest?

L4

Three muscles are responsible for adduction of the arm. Identify these muscles on the cadaver, differentiate their insertion points, and demonstrate this action using a skeleton or your own body.

Latissimus dorsi, teres major, and teres minor. The latissimus dorsi and teres major insert similarly on the anterior surface of the humerus at the crest of the lesser tuberosity and are the prime arm adductors. The teres minor inserts on the posterior surface of the humerus at the greater tuberosity and is a weak arm adductor.

Using the donor, point to three extrinsic muscles of the posterior torso that receive blood supply from the dorsal scapular artery.

Levator scapulae Rhomboid minor Rhomboid major

Name the 3 discontinuous ligaments of the spine

Ligamentum flava - demonstrate that it is located between the lamina of adjacent vertebrae Interspinous ligament - demonstrate that it is located between the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae Intertransverse ligament - demonstrate that it is located between the transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae

Which erector spinae muscle(s) originate AND insert on transverse processes of vertebrae?

Longissimus

What region is unique to only one muscle in the erector spinae group, and which muscle contains that region?

Lumborum region of the Iliocostalis muscle

What is the scapular anastomosis and which arteries does it comprise?

Many vessels that join to form a network on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the scapula. The following arteries form the scapular anastomosis: - Dorsal scapula artery (AKA Deep branch of Transverse cervical artery) - Suprascapular artery - Scapular circumflex artery - Posterior circumflex humeral artery

What is the innervation source and artery supply for the Quadratus Lumborum?

Nerve Supply: Anterior rami of T12 - L3/L4 Blood Supply: Subcostal artery (T12), Lumbar arteries, Iliolumbar artery

Point out on the articulated skeleton the three types of ribs and describe the differences between them.

Pairs 1-7: True ribs, the costal cartilage articulates directly with the sternum. 8-10: False ribs, the costal cartilage articulates indirectly with the sternum. 11-12: False Floating ribs, there is no articulation with the sternum or costal cartilage.

Diagram the meninges as they surround the spinal cord. Include the spaces that are associated with these membranes

Pia Mater -> Subarachnoid Space -> Arachnoid Mater -> Subdural Space -> Dura Mater -> Epidural Space -> bone (vertebrae)

What is the common nerve supply to the erector spinae group?

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

Differentiate the origins and insertions of the rhomboid muscles on the cadaver.

Rhomboid minor is the superior of the two, originating from the spinous processes of C6-C7 and inserting on the medial border of the scapula above the spine. Rhomboid major is the inferior of the two, originating from the spinous processes of T1-T4 and inserting on the medial border of the scapula below the spine.

What action(s) would you have trouble performing if you received significant damage to lateral branches of posterior rami of spinal nn. C1-C6?

Since this is the specific innervation of splenius capitis and cervicis, one would have trouble extending the head and cervical spine as well as flexing and rotating the head to one side.

Draw the axillary artery

Sixties Teens Love Sex And Pot

Describe the origins and insertions for splenius capitis and splenius cervicis. What are the actions of these muscles?

Splenius capitis: origin - ligamentum nuchae; spinous processes of C7-T3 / insertion - lateral superior nuchal line and mastoid process of the occipital bone Splenius cervicis: origin - spinous processes of T3-T6 / insertion - transverse processes of C1-C2 Both muscles share the same actions. Unilaterally, they flex and rotate the head to the same side. Bilaterally, they extend the head and cervical spine.

Using the rotator cuff model, identify the muscles and state their nerve supply.

Supraspinatus - Suprascapular nerve Infraspinatus - Suprascapular nerve Teres minor - Axillary nerve Subscapularis - Sup./Inf. Subscapular nerve

At what vertebral level is spine of the scapula?

T3

At what vertebral level is inferior angle of scapula?

T7

What anatomical boundary is used to divide the parts of the subclavian?

The anterior scalene muscle

The trapezius muscle has three parts with unique actions. Identify the origins and insertions of the various parts of the trapezius muscle as it pertains to the scapula.

The descending (upper) part originates from the occipital bone and spinous processes of C1-C7, inserts anteriorly on the clavicle, and draw the scapula obliquely upward. (rotating the glenoid fossa superiorly.) The transverse (middle) part originates from aponeurosis at the spinous processes of T1-T4, inserts at the acromion of the scapula, and draws the scapula medially. The ascending (lower) part originates from the spinous process of T5-T12, inserts on the spine of the scapula, and draws the scapula medially downward.

Both the trapezius and levator scapulae muscles have actions involving the neck. Explain and demonstrate those actions as they pertain to the neck.

The descending part of the trapezius tilts the head at the neck to the same side of the contracting muscle while rotating the head to the opposite side of the contracting muscle. The levator scapulae inclines the neck to the same side of the contracting muscle.

Identify the lumbar triangle on your cadaver, describe its importance, and identify its boundaries.

The lumbar triangle is used to easily access the kidneys and perform noninvasive procedures. Medial border - latissimus dorsi Lateral border - external oblique Inferior border - iliac crest

Identify on the cadaver all muscles whose common action is to draw the scapula medially upward.

The muscles that draw the scapula medially upward are the levator scapulae (3), rhomboid major (1), and rhomboid minor (2) and descending fibers of Trapezius (4).

What anatomical boundary is used to divide the parts of the axillary artery?

The pectoralis minor muscle. The axillary artery runs medial (I), posterior (II), and lateral (III) to this muscle

Knowing the innervation for posterior serratus superior and inferior, where do those nerves originate?

The posterior intercostal nerves are formed from the anterior rami of spinal nerves T1 - T12, meaning posterior intercostal nerves T2 - T5 and T9 - T12 arise from the anterior rami of spinal nerves T2 - T5 and T9 - T12.

The posterior serratus superior and inferior were once thought of as muscles actively involved in elevation and depression of the ribs, but recent research has shown otherwise. What is their action now?

The posterior serratus superior and inferior act in a sensory capacity, assisting in modulation and regulation of respiratory rate by measuring the degree of depression or elevation of the ribs.

Describe the primary and secondary curvatures of the spine.

The primary curvatures are made of the thoracic and sacral vertebrae and they are kyphotic (concave). The secondary curvatures are made of the cervical and lumbar vertebrae and they are lordotic (convex).

Identify on the cadaver all the rotator cuff muscles. Which muscle does not originate from a fossa?

The rotator cuff muscles are the infraspinatus, supraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor. Teres minor originates from the lateral border of the scapula, not a scapular fossa.

Which group of muscles (+1 more) receives blood supply from the scapular anastomosis?

The rotator cuff muscles: - Supraspinatus - Infraspinatus - Teres minor - Subscapularis ...and Teres Major

Using a clavicle from E.S., point out the acromial and sternal ends, and give the name of the bony proTUBERance on it. State whether it is right or left.

The sternal end is the concave end, and the acromial end is the convex (rounded) end. The conoid tubercle is located on the lateral third of the clavicle.

In what specific location would you find the superior transverse scapular ligament and why is it a helpful landmark?

The superior transverse scapular ligament is found across the scapular notch. It is helpful when finding the suprascapular artery and nerve.

Identify the triangle of auscultation on your cadaver, describe its importance, and identify its boundaries.

The triangle of auscultation allows one to hear respiratory sounds and check for any abnormalities via stethoscope or another listening device. Medial border - trapezius Lateral border - vertebral/medial border of the scapula Inferior border - latissimus dorsi

Which 2 regions are common to all the erector spinae muscles?

Thoracis and cervicis

Describe and demonstrate the common identifying features of the cervical vertebrae.

Transverse foramina in the transverse processes and the bifid spinous process.

Name the actions of the erector spinae group. Distinguish between the unilateral and bilateral actions.

UniLateral: Flex the head, neck, and spine to the same side Bilateral: Extend the vertebral column

Draw the subclavian artery

VITamin C & D (V not labelled, D is absent in drawing)

Explain and demonstrate using models what a zygapophyseal joint is

Zygapophyseal joints are the articulations between the inferior articular facets and the superior articular facets of adjoining vertebrae Primarily they restrict free movement of the spinal column.