Anatomy Practical #2 (labs 7-10)

compact bone

Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone

spongy bone

Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone.

Abduction

Movement away from the midline of the body

Adduction

Movement toward the midline of the body

extension

Straightening of a joint

Osteocytes are located in ___________________ and function to _________________. a. lacune; maintain and monitor the bone ECM b. the periosteum; maintain and monitor the bone ECM c. lacunae; build bone matrix d. the periosteum; build bone matrix

a.

Which of the following describes a hinge joint correctly? a. the convex articular surface of one bone fits into a concave articular surface of another bone. b. one bone rotates around another bone c. the flat articular surfaces of two bones glide past one another d. the rounded, ball like end of one bone fits into a concave depression of another bone

a.

which of the following muscles flexes the thigh at the hip? a. iliopsoas m. b. biceps femoris m. c. vastus intermedius m. d. gluteus medius m.

a.

orgin of a muscle

attachment site that does not move during contraction

Insertion

attachment to movable bone

The epiphyseal line is a. the structure from which long bones grow in length b. a remnant of the structure from which long bones grow in length c. composed of hyaline cartilage d. found lining the surface of the epiphysis

b.

What is the general function of a bone projection? a. it provides a pathway along which blood vessels or nerves travel. b. it provides a point of attachment for tendons or ligaments c. it houses or protects structures such as blood vessels or sensory organs d. it allows two bones to come together to form a joint

b.

synovial joints are surrounded by a/an _______ and filled with _______ a. articular disc; serous fluid b. joint capsule; synovial fluid c. articular cartilage; serous fluid d. articular disc; synovial fluid

b.

the main function of a fibrous joint is to a. allow motion to occur between two bones b. provide stability between two bones c. unite two bones with cartilage d. allow some motion while still providing stability between two bones e. unite two bones with a synovial cavity

b.

what is the main action of the rectus abdominis muscle? a. rotation of the trunk b. flexion of the trunk c. extention of the trunk d. lateral flexion of the trunk

b.

which of the following correctly describes a pivot joint? a. the convex articular surface of one bone fits into a concave articular surface of another bone b. one bone rotates arounds another bone c. the flat articular surfaces of two bones glide past one another d. the rounded, ball like end of one bone fits into a concave articular surface of another bone

b.

which of the following muscles extends the forearm at the elbow joint? a. brachioradialis m. b.triceps brachii m. c. biceps brachii m. d. brachialis m.

b.

Flexion

bending a joint

Dorsiflexion

bending of the foot or the toes upward

long bones

bones that are longer than they are wide

Examples of short bones include a. the phalanges (bones of the fingers) b. the sternum c. ankle bones d. both a and b are correct e. both a and c are correct

c.

Circumduction

circular movement of a limb at the far end

Long bones are a. named for their length b. about as long as they are wide c. irregular in shape d. longer than they are wide

d.

an amphiarthrosis is defined as a a. joint that allows no motion b. joint that is freely movable c. joint with multiple axes of motion d. joint that allows some motion

d.

in the zone of ossification of the epiphyseal plate a. chondrocytes are actively dividing b. chondrocytes are maintained in a reserve to divide if needed c. chondrocytes begin to enlarge in their lacunae as they mature d. chondrocytes are calcified and abut the diaphysis with osteoblasts

d.

what is the main action of the deltoid muscle? a. adduction of the arm at the shoulder joint b. retraction of the scapula c. depression of the scapula d. abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint

d.

The extracellular matrix of bone consists of a. collagen fibers b. calcium hydroxyapatite c. ground substance d. choices a & b only are correct. e. choices a,b, and c are correct

e.

Nonaxial

gliding

Uniaxial

movement in one plane

multiaxial

movement in or around all three planes

biaxial

movement in two planes

Pronation

movement that turns the palm down