Anatomy Skeletal System
calcaneus
Another name for the heel?
frontal, temporal, ribs, parietal, clavicle, scapula, sternum
Give some examples of flat bones.
humerus, ulna, radius, femur, phalanges, fibula, tibia, metatarsals, metacarpals
Give some examples of long bones.
Where they are located
How are the three cuneiforms bones in the foot named?
26
How many bones are in each foot?
206
How many bones are in the adult skeleton?
80
How many bones are in the axial skeleton?
27
How many bones are there in both hands?
30
How many bones do both the upper limb and lower limb have?
305
How many bones make up a babies' skeleton?
22
How many bones make up the skull?
8
How many cranial bones does the skull have?
14
How many facial bones are there?
5
How many metacarpals/metatarsals are there?
12 pairs, 24 individual
How many pairs of ribs do humans have?
14
How many phalanges are in both the hand and in the foot?
7
How many tarsal bones are there?
6
How many types of bones are there?
Cervical 7, Thoracic 12, Lumbar 5
How many vertebrae are found in each region of the spine?
vertebrae
Name irregular bones.
patella
Name sesamoid bones.
carpals, tarsals
Name short bones.
zygomatic bone
Technically, the cheekbones are called?
hallux
The anatomical term for the big toe is?
tibia
The anatomical term for the shinbone is?
proximal phalanges
The bones of the finger that are closest to the hand bones are referred to as what?
phalanges (plural), phalanx (singular)
The bones of the fingers are called what?
patella
The correct anatomical name for the kneecap is?
scapula
The correct anatomical name for the shoulder blade is?
fontanelles
The correct anatomical term for "soft spots" on infant skulls is?
C1 (atlas)
The first vertebrae is anatomically called?
manus
The hand is anatomically referred to as the____?
axial skeleton
The head, neck, are all parts of what types of bones?
pubic symphysis
The hip bones are united to each other by what structure?
foramen magnum
The medulla oblongata (spine) passes through what structure?
quadriceps femoris
The patella is found within the tendon of which muscle?
medial malleolus
The projection that can be felt on the medial side of the ankle is actually what bone?
tibia
The proximal end of the fibula articulates with what bones?
acromion
The spine of the scapula extends laterally into a flattened process call what?
sternum, manubrium
The sternal angle is the location where____attaches to the____.
medial
The tibia is located____to the fibula.
distal
The ulna is located____to the humerus.
cartilage, joints, tendons, ligaments, bone
What all makes up the skeletal system?
movement, protection, store minerals, hematopoiesis, support
What are the 5 functions of osseous tissue?
concentric lamellae
What are the cylinders of calcified matrix surrounding a central (haversian) canal called?
serve as a chamber for voice, decrease weight of skull, help warm and moisten air, act as a shock absorber, control immune system
What are the functions of the sinus?
Provides the shape, support and protection, body movement, transfer of blood, stores minerals
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
lumbar vertebrae
What are the heaviest vertebrae?
interstitial lamellae
What are the layers of calcified matrix found between osteons?
carpal bones
What are the names of the bones of the wrist?
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezoid, trapezium, hamate, capitate
What are the names of the carpal bones?
pollex (1), secundi (2), triqui (3), quinti (4), minimi (5)
What are the names of the fingers?
true ribs (7), false (5), floating (2)
What are the names of the ribs and how many are there?
lacunge
What are the names of the small lakes containing fluids in the haversian systems?
navicular, cuneiforms (1,2,3), calcaneus, talus, cuboid
What are the names of the tarsal bones?
temporal bone
What are the side walls and floor of the cranium called?
flexion, horizontal adduction, inward rotation of humerus
What are the three functions of the clavicle?
holding upper limbs, attachment for muscles, transmit force into the axial skeleton
What are the three functions of the clavicle?
protection of the reproductive, digestion and excretory organs, attached the axial skeleton to the pelvic girdle, provides attachment for muscles
What are the three functions of the sacrum?
the structure of your face (expressions), provide openings for food and air to enter, provide places for muscles to attach
What are the three jobs of the facial bones?
frontal eminences
What are the two bumps above the supraorbital ridge called?
protect the brain, provide a place for the head and neck muscles to attach
What are the two jobs of the cranial bones?
knobby ends of long bones filled with spongy bpne
What are your epiphyses?
maxillae
What bone forms the upper jaw bone?
sphenoid bone
What bone is located around a person's eye?
clavicle, humerus
What bones articulate with the scapula?
pelvic girdle, pectoral girdle, upper limbs, lower limbs
What bones comprise the appendicular skeleton?
skull (cranial and facial bones), vertebrae, sacrum, tailbone, sternum, ribs
What bones comprise the axial skeleton?
clavicle, scapula
What bones comprise the pectoral girdle?
hip bones, sacrum, coccyx
What bones comprise the pelvic girdle?
5 fused vertebrae
What bones comprise the sacrum?
medial and lateral malleolus (tarsal bones)
What bones support the bones of the sole of the foot?
hamate
What carpal bone is located directly behind the minimi?
hip bone (acetabulum)
What does the head of the femur articulate with?
bone marrow
What does the medullary cavity of the bone contain?
ring finger, triqui
What finger is located distal to metacarpal 3?
ethmoid bone
What is 1/3 of the nasal bone located beside the lacrimal bone?
partial
What is a break that does not go through the skin?
complete
What is a break that goes completely through the bone?
oblique
What is a break that occurs in a diagonal line?
transverse
What is a break that occurs in a straight line?
sinus or antrum
What is a cavity within a bone?
fossa
What is a depression in or on a bone called?
closed
What is a fracture that does not break the skin?
open
What is a fracture that goes through the skin and can be seen on the outside?
non-displaced
What is a fracture where the bones still line up?
displaced
What is a fracture where the two broken ends do not line up?
trochanter
What is a large process for muscle attachment?
tuberosity
What is a large rounded process?
line
What is a less prominent ridge of a bone than a crest?
process
What is a prominence or projection?
crest
What is a ridge on a bone?
head
What is a rounded articulating process at the end of a bone?
condyle
What is a rounded knuckle-like prominence usually at a point of articulation?
spine
What is a sharp slender projection?
coxa
What is a singular hip bone called?
tubercle
What is a small rounded process?
meatus
What is a tubelike passage?
yellow marrow
What is another name for adipose tissue?
tibiotalar joint
What is another name for the ankle joint?
external auditory meatus
What is another name for the ear canal?
vomer bone
What is another name for the nasal septum?
coccyx
What is another name for the tailbone?
carpus
What is another name for the wrist?
alveoli
What is another name for your teeth sockets?
articular cartilage
What is found at the ends of long bones?
red marrow
What is found inside the ends of our bones?
production of blood cells and platelets, occurs in bone marrow
What is hemopoiseis?
styloid process
What is it called where your tongue muscles attach?
frontal bone
What is the anterior call of the cranium?
external occipital protuberance
What is the bone that sticks out on the back of the skull?
supraorbital ridge
What is the bone under your eyebrow?
comminuted
What is the break that causes the bone to break into at least 3 pieces?
segmental
What is the break that is at least broken in 2 places, causing a piece to be "floating"?
carotid canal
What is the carotid artery to your brain called?
cartilage model develops
What is the first step of endochondral ossification?
medullary cavity develops
What is the fourth step of endochondral ossification?
impacted
What is the fracture where the ends of the bones are jammed together?
calcaneus
What is the largest bone of the foot?
hamate
What is the largest carpal bone?
Ilium
What is the largest hip bone?
epiphyseal plate and articular cartilage remain
What is the last step of endochondral ossification?
secundi
What is the latin term for the second finger?
ulna
What is the medial bone of the forearm called?
subscapular fossa
What is the name if the concave anterior surface of the scapula?
foramen
What is the name of an opening through which blood vessels and nerves pass?
interosseous membrane
What is the name of the membrane that is found between the radius and ulna as well as the tibia and fibula?
foramen magnum
What is the name of the opening through which the spinal cord runs?
acetabulum
What is the name of the place where your hip bone connects to the femur?
olecranon fossa
What is the name of the posterior distal region of the humerus?
lateral epicondyle
What is the name of the prominence that can be felt on your elbow?
linea aspera
What is the name of the prominent elevation on the posterior portion of the femur?
C2 (axis)
What is the name of the second vertebrae?
costal cartilage
What is the name of the specific cartilage that attaches the ribs to the sternum?
glenohumeral joint
What is the name of the spot of articulation of the scapula with the head of the humerus>?
nutrient foramen
What is the name of the structure through which nutrient arteries and nerves from the periosteum penetrate compact bone?
temporomandibular joint
What is the only movable joint in the skull?
mandible
What is the only moveable bone of the skull?
jugular foramen
What is the opening between the occipital and temporal bones that carry the jugular vein away from the cranium?
greenstick
What is the partial fracture that occurs in children when the bone bends?
outside of the bone
What is the periosteum?
occipital bone
What is the posterior wall and the floor of the cranium called?
parietal bone
What is the roof and top side walls of the cranium called?
palatine process
What is the roof of your mouth called?
diaphysis
What is the shaft of a long bone called?
xiphoid process
What is the smallest and most variable part of the sternum?
lacrimal
What is the smallest facial bone?
pisiform
What is the smallest of the carpal bones?
intervertebral disc
What is the space between each vertebrae called?
glabella
What is the space between your eyebrows?
trochlea
What is the spoon-shaped surface that articulates with the ulna?
mandible
What is the strongest facial bone?
osteon
What is the unit of compact bone that have long cylinders surrounding a central canal?
palatine bone
What is the very back bone of your mouth called?
ilium, ischium, pubis
What makes up each coxa?
sternoclavicular joint, clavicular notch
What part of the sternum articulates with the clavicle?
coronal suture
What suture is found between the frontal and parietal bones?
lamboid suture
What suture is found between the occipital and parietal bones?
squamosal suture
What suture is found between the parietal and temporal bones?
saggital suture
What suture is found between the parietal bones?
occipital condyles
What two things are located around the foramen magnum?
osteocytes
What type of bone cell allows you to perform your daily tasks?
osteoblasts
What type of bone cell become osteocytes?
osteoblasts
What type of bone cell gets buried and becomes another type of bone cell?
osteoblasts
What type of cell helps build bone tissue?
osteoclasts
What type of cells are responsible for the breaking down of bone tissue?
open fracture
What type of fracture breaks through the skin?
hinge joint
What type of joint are both the elbows and the ankles?
skull
Where are sutures found?
deltoid tuberosity
Where do the deltoid muscles attach?
upper neck region of the spine
Where is the cervical region found?
in between hip bones (holds them together)
Where is the pubis symphysis located?
trabeculae are thin columns and plates of bone that create a spongy structure in a cancellous bone, which is located at the ends of long bones, in the pelvis, ribs, skull, and vertebrae
Where would you find trabeculae?
femur
Which bone in the body is the heaviest?
humerus
Which bone is found in the upper arm?
middle/medial/intermediate phalanx
Which bone is not found in the thumb and big toe?
thoracic
Which divisions of the spine have the longest processes?
acromial end
Which end of the clavicle attaches to the scapula?
sternal end
Which end of the clavicle attaches to the sternum?
ilium
Which hip bone is the largest?
ischium
Which hip bone is the strongest?
mandibular foramen
Which opening is on the inside of the jaw?
mastoid process
Which process is located on the back of your parietal bones?
first rib
Which rib is the broadest, shortest, and most curved?
thumb side (radial)
Which side of your hand is lateral?
pinky side (ulna)
Which side of your hand is medial?
long bones
Which type of bones enable movement?
flat bones
Which type of bones protect internal organs?
sesamoid bones
Which type of bones protect tendons that run over joints from stress and wear?
flat bones
Which type of bones provide a place for attachment?
short bones
Which type of bones provide stability to bones that bear weight?
long bones
Which type of bones support weight?
each thoracic vertebrae (7-12)
Which vertebrae articulate with the ribs?
stress involved in weight bearing and locomotion
Why is the pelvic girdle bigger than the pectoral girdle?