anatomy test 4

The three intrinsic muscles of the hand that produce thumb movements are, as a group, called _____ muscles.

thenar

Muscles that insert via the calcaneal tendon do NOT include: a) plantaris b) gastrocnemius. c) tibialis posterior d) soleus

tibialis posterior

The close association of a transverse (T) tubule and two terminal cisterns forms a

triad

Of the muscles that move the forearm, two have points of origin on the scapula. They are the biceps brachii and the:

triceps brachii

The_______protein has direct contact with actin in a muscle in the resting state, while the ________ protein has direct contact with actin in a muscle in the contracting state.

tropomyosin; myosin

Which best describes the buccinator?

trumpeter's muscle

The flexor carpi _____ flexes and adducts the wrist

ulnaris

The perineum consists of an anterior _____ triangle and a posterior _____ triangle.

urogenital; anal

The two types of smooth muscle tissue are

visceral (single-unit) and multi-unit

Match the connective tissue components of skeletal muscle with the tissues. Identify the characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue.

voluntary, striated

Medial epicondylitis which is often times seen in pianists, violinists, golfers and those who use computers is a condition which affects mainly the extensor muscles of the forearm.

False

Stretching before a workout is the best way to increase flexibility of muscles.

False

The darker area in a sarcomere is called the I band.

False

The most common type of lever in the body is the first-class lever designated as EFL

False

The neurotransmitter released at a neuromuscular junction (in skeletal muscle) is dopamine.

False

The scalenes originate on the first and second ribs and insert on the third through sixth thoracic vertebrae.

False

The specialized region of sarcolemma that is located at a neuromuscular junction is called the synaptic cleft.

False

The sternocleidomastoid muscle inserts on the occipital bone.

False

The transverse (T) tubule is a specialized region of sarcolemma that is located at a neuromuscular junction.

False

_____ are large dense irregular connective tissue sheets that wrap around groups of skeletal muscles.

Fascia

_____ muscle fibers (cells) do NOT contain sarcomeres.

Smooth

The extensor digitorum extends the phalanges. The extensor digiti minimi extends the distal phalanges only.

The first statement is true; the second is false

Muscles with either parallel or fusiform arrangements of fasciculi tend to have longer fibers than pennate muscles.

True

Paralysis of the muscles of mastication may be an indication of damage to the trigeminal (V) cranial nerve.

True

Somites give rise to the skeletal muscles of the thoracic and abdominal walls as well as the appendages.

True

The contractile elements of skeletal muscle fibers (cells) are myofibrils.

True

The inferior constrictor, middle constrictor, and superior constrictor are muscles that move the wall of the pharynx, assisting with the movement of food and liquid into the esophagus.

True

The ischiocavernosus muscles maintain erection of the penis in the male and the clitoris in the female.

True

The muscle fibers that are oxidative and resistant to fatigue are the slow oxidative fibers.

True

The range of movement at a joint depends upon the point of attachment of the muscle and the length of its fibers

True

The rectus sheath and linea alba are formed by the aponeuroses of the external obliques, internal obliques, and transversus abdominis muscles

True

Tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior muscles both invert the foot.

True

To a limited degree in mature skeletal muscle, new skeletal muscle fibers (cells) can arise from satellite cells.

True

For contraction of a muscle to being, what event must occur at the sarcolemma?

acetylcholine binding and opening of sodium channels

The proteins found in the A band of a sarcomere is/are

actin, myosin, titin, troponin, and tropomyosin

Identify the description that matches fast glycolytic fibers.

adapted for intense movements of short duration, such as weight lifting

What is the action of the plantar interossei?

adduct toes

As skeletal muscle ages, after age 30, which of the following does NOT occur? a) decrease in maximal strength b) decrease in the relative number of slow oxidative fibers c) replacement of muscle mass by fibrous connective tissue and adipose tissue d) slowing of muscle reflexes

b) decrease in the relative number of slow oxidative fibers

The strength of movement produced by a muscle depends upon how close to the joint it is attached. A muscle attached farther away will produce a more powerful movement than one attached nearer the joint.

both statements are true

Which two muscles provide good examples for use of the term "synergists"? a) latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major b) flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi ulnaris c) biceps femoris and semitendinosis d) gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior

c) biceps femoris and semitendinosis

The pectoralis minor muscle a) inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus. b) inserts on the acromion of the scapula. c) may originate from ribs 3 to 5. d) originates from the clavicle and sternum.

c) may originate from ribs 3 to 5.

One sarcomere contains all of the following EXCEPT: a) the H zone b) myosin c) myofibrils d) the M line

c) myofibrils

Which of the following pairs of terms is most closely matched? a) orbicularis oculi; shapes lips for speech b) corrugator supercilii; surprise c) platysma; pouting d) zygomaticus major; frown

c) platysma; pouting

When examined microscopically, striations are visible in the _____ muscle tissues

cardiac and skeletal

The central portion of the diaphragm is an aponeurosis that serves as the tendon of insertion for the diaphragm. The tendon is called: a) linea alba. b) central tendon. c) intermediate tendon. d) rectus sheath.

central tendon.

The ability of muscular tissue to contract forcefully when stimulated is

contractility

Which is a correct statement? a) a muscle fiber (cell) contains myofibrils b) a myofibril contains thick and thin filaments c) thick and thin filaments are arranged into sarcomeres d) All of these choices are correct.

d) All of these choices are correct.

All muscles of facial expression are innervated by the _____ cranial nerve.

facial (VII)

Bodybuilding increases the size and strength of which type of muscle fiber?

fast glycolytic fibers

Track and field athletes specializing in the 100 meter dash will train their bodies for explosive power when pushing off the starting blocks. Which type of muscle fiber is being isolated during strength training to generate this explosive power?

fast glycolytic fibers

After years of living a sedentary life, you start a couch-to-13.1K training regimen. This change in activity includes daily long distance runs. These distance runs are inducing changes in which muscle fiber types?

fast glycolytic fibers into fast oxidative glycolytic fibers

What is the action of the flexor digitorum brevis?

flexes toes

The psoas major and iliacus muscles have a common insertion on the femur. These two muscles are involved in _____ of the thigh.

flexion

To produce movement, a bone acts as a lever and the joint acts as the _____

fulcrum

The aponeurosis (sheet-like tendon) that unites the frontal belly (frontalis) and occipital belly (occipitalis) muscles is called the _____.

galea aponeurotica or epicranial aponeurosis

The principal muscle used for extending the thigh, as in climbing stairs, is the _____

gluteus maximus

Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle differs in that it

has branching cells.

The greater tubercle of the humerus is the point of insertion of which muscle?

infraspinatus

Identify the description that matches acetylcholine receptors.

integral transmembrane proteins of motor end plate; bind with acetylcholine

Match the connective tissue components of smooth muscle with the tissues. Identify the characteristics of smooth muscle tissue.

involuntary, nonstriated

Match endomysium with the correct tissue type.

loose connective tissue (mostly reticular fibers)

The muscle that acts on your left eyeball to move it as you read this line is the _____.

medial rectus

Whereas superficial flexors in the anterior compartment of the forearm originate from the _____ epicondyle of the humerus, the superficial extensors in the posterior compartment of the forearm originate from the _____ epicondyle of the humerus.

medial; lateral

The fibers of the external oblique muscle are directed inferiorly and _____.

medially

Identify the description of a synaptic vesicle.

membrane-enclosed sac that stores neurotransmitter

Neurotransmitter receptors are found where on the sarcolemma?

motor end plate

A small amount of tautness or tension in a skeletal muscle due to weak, involuntary contractions of its motor units is called _____

muscle tone

Which group of muscles usually weaken first impacting the daily activities of individuals over 65?

muscles of the lower limb

During contraction in a skeletal muscle fiber

myosin cross-bridges(heads)move the thin filaments so that their ends meet or overlap in the center of the sarcomere.

Match the connective tissue components of smooth muscle with the tissues. Identify the characteristic of smooth muscle tissue.

no transverse tubules

The _____ muscle of the larynx acts as a sphincter to control the size of the inlet of the larynx.

oblique arytenoid

Regarding characteristics used to name muscles, which of the following is incorrectly matched? a) rectus-parallel to midline b) platys-circular c) biceps-two origins d) brevis-short

platys-circular

Muscles that extend the forearm are located on the _____ surface of the _____.

posterior, humerus

Which muscle originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus AND turns the forearm (pronates) so that the palm faces posteriorly?

pronator teres

The genioglossus muscle could be considered a socially unacceptable muscle, since its action is to _____ the tongue.

protract (depress and thrust anteriorly)

Branches of the _____ nerve are involved in the innervation of all perineal muscles.

pudendal

Identify the description of a motor end plate.

region of sarcolemma at the neuromuscular junction

The deltoid muscle is named according to

relative shape of the muscle

In skeletal muscle, the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

releases Ca2+ to trigger contraction.

Identify the description that matches slow oxidative fibers.

smallest in diameter

Which type of muscle develops from the mesodermal cells that envelope the developing gastrointestinal tract, viscera, and blood vessels?

smooth muscle

A circular muscle that encloses an orifice is a _____ muscle.

sphincter

The _____ muscle is a landmark that separates the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck.

sternocleidomastoid

The _____ muscle extends from the sternum to the thyroid cartilage and acts to depress the larynx

sternothyroid

The rotator cuff muscles are _____, _____, _____, and _____. What vigorous movement of the shoulder most likely contributes to a rotator cuff injury?

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor, circumduction

Which best describes the latissimus dorsi?

swimmer's muscle

Which best describes the sartorius?

tailor's muscle

The ability of muscular tissue to be stretched without being damaged is

extensibility

The erector spinae is a group of muscles of the back, including which three of the following groups? 1. iliocostalis 2. spinalis 3. segmental 4. longissimus 5. scalene

1, 2, 4

Which of the following is TRUE of myosin? 1. It is located in the A band of the sarcomere. 2. It binds to tropomyosin during contraction. 3. It forms thick filaments. 4. The molecules are helix shaped.

1, 3 only

The following muscles all have attachments to ribs or their costal cartilages. Which of them are NOT used to produce the movements of normal breathing? 1. external intercostals 2. internal intercostals 3. external obliques 4. internal obliques 5. diaphragm

2, 3, 4

Which of the following is/are TRUE? 1. Synergists are muscles that oppose the agonist. 2. Agonists contract while the antagonists relax. 3. The biceps brachii and the triceps brachii are an antagonistic pair.

2,3 only

An increase (hypertrophy) or decrease (atrophy) in muscle size is due to: 1. increased or decreased numbers of muscle cells. 2. increased or decreased deposition of adipose tissue. 3. increased or decreased size of skeletal muscle fibers.

3 only

The skeletal muscle fibers that fatigue most easily are 1. red muscle fibers. 2. slow oxidative (type I) fibers. 3. fast glycolytic (type IIb) fibers.

3 only

Ordinarily, the insertion of a muscle: 1. in a limb is proximal to the origin. 2. does not move when the muscle contracts. 3. is the movable point of attachment of a muscle. 4. attaches a muscle to a bone or skin.

3,4 only

Place the following events in the correct order. 1. ACh is released into the synaptic cleft. 2. Synaptic vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane. 3. A muscle action potential is triggered. 4. An action potential arrives at the synaptic end bulb. 5. ACh binds to receptors on the motor end plate.

4, 2, 1, 5, 3

Epimysium surrounds skeletal muscle fibers (cells) within fascicles

False

Age associated muscle decline is irreversible.

False

All muscles of the body are derived from ectoderm.

False

Cardiac muscle tissue may be classified as either visceral (single-unit) or multi-unit muscle tissue.

False

During an isotonic contraction of a muscle, the muscle shortens while the tension in the muscle increases, as in straightening the legs when rising from a sitting position to a standing position.

False

A bundle (fascicle) of skeletal muscle fibers (cells) is separated from neighboring bundles by perimysium.

True

A somatic motor neuron is a nerve cell that stimulates a skeletal muscle fiber (cell) to contract.

True

A somatic motor neuron together with all the skeletal muscle fibers (cells) it stimulates iscalled a motor unit.

True

Autorhythmicity is the ability to repeatedly generate spontaneous action potentials.

True

Cardiac and smooth muscle tissues have autorhythmicity.

True

Cardiac muscle fibers (cells) contain more mitochondria than do skeletal muscle fibers (cells).

True

Two muscles that insert on the angle and ramus of the mandible, and that elevate the mandible are: 1. masseter 2. medial pterygoid 3. lateral pterygoid 4. temporalis

a) 1, 2

Which of the following statements regarding the quadriceps femoris is correct? a) Rectus femoris originates from the anterior inferior iliac spine. b) Vastus lateralis inserts on the lateral condyle of the tibia. c) All four muscles flex the thigh. d) Vastus medialis originates from the lesser trochanter.

a) Rectus femoris originates from the anterior inferior iliac spine.

The diagastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid muscles have which of the following in common? a) insertion on the body of the hyoid bone b) origin on the body of the hyoid bone c) depress the hyoid bone d) elevate the tongue

a) insertion on the body of the hyoid bone

Which of the following is FALSE regarding skeletal muscle fibers (cells)? a) Each fiber is a single cell with a hundred or more nuclei. b) The cells are cylindrical and are arranged in parallel fashion. c) A skeletal muscle fiber may be up to 30 cm (12 in.) long. d) The myofibrils are arranged at right angles to the long axis of the cell, creating cross striations.

d) The myofibrils are arranged at right angles to the long axis of the cell, creating cross striations

Strength training has a positive impact on the body by: a) increasing bone strength. b) raising resting metabolic rate. c) reducing feelings of stress and fatigue. d) all of these answers are correct.

d) all of these answers are correct.

The extrinsic muscles of the eyeball are innervated by a) oculomotor (III) nerves. b) abducens (VI) nerves. c) trochlear (IV) nerves. d) all of these choices.

d) all of these choices.

Which of the muscles of the pelvic floor constricts the anus, urethra, and vagina? a) pubococcygeus b) iliococcygeus c) coccygeus d) both pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus

d) both pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus

Which two muscles provide a good example of an "antagonistic pair"? a) biceps brachii and brachialis b) semitendinosus and semimembranosus c) vastus medialis and vastus lateralis d) fibularis (peroneus) longus and tibialis anterior

d) fibularis (peroneus) longus and tibialis anterior

Which of the following pairs of terms does not correctly match muscle with innervation? a) subclavius; subclavian nerve b) rhomboid major; dorsal scapular nerve c) serratus anterior; long thoracic nerve d) trapezius; median pectoral nerve

d) trapezius; median pectoral nerve

Match epimysium with the correct tissue type

dense irregular connective tissue

Match perimysium with the correct tissue type.

dense irregular connective tissue

Intercalated discs in cardiac muscle contain what type(s) of cell junctions?

desmosomes and gap junctions.

The connective tissue that surrounds and separates individual skeletal muscle fibers (cells) is called _____.

endomysium

What is the action of the rectus femoris?

extends leg