Anc. Civ. 5.2 Test

Hittites

The Hittites were an Anatolian people who played an important role in establishing an empire centered on Hattusa in north-central Anatolia around 1600 BCE. Opposing force in the battle of Kadesh

Regent

a person appointed to administer a country because the monarch is a minor or is absent or incapacitated

Valley of the Kings

A narrow valley of east-central Egypt near the site of ancient Thebes between Karnak and Luxor. The valley contains the tombs of numerous pharaohs of the XVIII, XIX, and XX Dynasties, including that of Tutankhamun.

Akhenaten (Amenhotep)

A pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt. He is also known as 'Akhenaton' or 'Ikhnaton' and also 'Khuenaten', all of which are translated to mean 'successful for' or 'of great use to' the god Aten. Amenhotep IV (1353 - 1335 BCE) Religious Reformer Worshipped the god Aten, changed the name to Akhenaten ("Radiance of Aten") Huge change to bureaucracy

Sarcophagus

A stone coffin typically adorned with a sculpture or inscription and associated with the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Rome, and Greece.

How did Ahmose secure his borders and build a strong central authority?

Ahmose secured his borders by driving the Hyksos of Egypt and secured and expanded Egypt's borders to provide a buffer zone against further invasions. After his borders were secure, Ahmose established an administration loyal to him in Egypt and granted lands to distinguished veterans of his campaigns and to members of the royal family. He reactivated the copper mines at Sinai and resumed trade with the cities of the Syrian coast.

King Tutankhamun

An Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty, during the period of Egyptian history known as the New Kingdom. He is popularly referred to as King Tut. His original name, Tutankhaten, means "Living Image of Aten", while Tutankhamun means "Living Image of Amun". Son of Akhenaten became pharaoh at age 9, died at age 18 The tomb was discovered in Valley or the Kings, unusual because it was full of grave goods

Using your thoughts from question 1, what do you think is Aten's identity?

Aten is the disk of the sun highly worshiped by Amenhotep IV. Aten was different from other gods because it was just the sun, with no human qualities like the others. ... Aten was associated often times with the sun God Ra. Ra was the ancient Egyptian solar deity and a major god in ancient Egyptian religion.

Karnak

Cult temple dedicated to Amun, Mut and Khonsu. The largest religious building ever constructed. The temple of Karnak was known as Ipet-isu—or "most select of places"—by the ancient Egyptians. It is a city of temples built over 2,000 years and dedicated to the Theban triad of Amun, Mut, and Khonsu

Research the Egyptian calendar and find out what the seasons of Egypt are. (first season, the second season, etc.)

First plant, second growing, last harvesting.

What are examples of things referenced in the poem which Akhenaten believed Aten provided the Egyptians with? How can you connect your thoughts from this question to our understanding of Aten's identity?

He brings water into the Nile and brings life into the and of Egypt. He is the life-giver and if he didn't do what he does, the Egyptians would die.

Battle of Kadesh

In one of the world's largest chariot battles, fought beside the Orontes River, Pharaoh Ramses II sought to wrest Syria from the Hittites and recapture the Hittite-held city of Kadesh

Canaanites

People who lived in the land of Canaan, an area which according to ancient texts may have included parts of modern-day Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan. Much of what scholars know about the Canaanites comes from records left by the people they came into contact with Opposing force in the Battle of Megiddo

Ramses II (Ramesses II)

Pharaoh: 1279-1213 Greatest warrior and builder of New Kingdom Dynasty that corrected confusion of Akhenaten

What is the outcome of the battle? Who is more responsible for this outcome, the king or his troops?

Ramesses won eventually, but first, they lost almost half of their army and they were losing, but then Ramesses told them a speech and they pulled through and won.

Why was Ramses called "the Great"?

Ramses came to power as a young man and ruled for 67 years. During his reign, he expanded the Egyptian empire and created a strong military. In addition to his wars with the Hittites and Libyans, he is known for his extensive building programs and for the many colossal statues of him found all over Egypt.

Highlight in the text instances of imagery (words that describe one of the five senses: touch, taste, hearing, sight, smell). What kind of imagery is used most often to describe Aten?

Risen, radiant, distant, near He makes waves on the mountains like the sea, To drench their fields and their towns All eyes observe you upon them, For you are the Aten of daytime on high

Under what circumstances did Hatshepsut become pharaoh? What impact did she have on the empire?

She had a very important trading relationship with foreign people.

Battle of Megiddo

The Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC) was fought between Egyptian forces under the command of Pharaoh Thutmose III and a large rebellious coalition of Canaanite vassal states led by the king of Kadesh. It is the first battle to have been recorded in what is accepted as relatively reliable detail.

Hatshepsut

The fifth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. She was the second historically confirmed female pharaoh Father was Amun, Mother was Iahmes, God of the moon, she refers to herself as a "Goddess" Amun wants Hatshepsut to be part human so she to be the divine authority "God's are giving you authority" over the land of Egypt She is trying to claim she has the right to the throne The first wife of the queen of Tuthmosis II Rules as regent for Nephew Tuthmosis III while he is young (1497-1458 BCE) The focus of reign: trade and diplomacy Hatshepsut should not be forced to give up the power because her father was Amun

Ankh

The hieroglyphic symbol that was most commonly used in writing and in Egyptian art to represent the word for "life" and, by extension, as a symbol of life itself.

What famous son of Akhenaten died young, leaving no heir? What happened in the court of Egypt after his untimely death?

The next known king was Tutankhamun, who was 8 years old, left no heir to rule. His wife became a powerful ruler.

Thebes

Thebes is a city in Boeotia, central Greece. It played an important role in Greek myths, as the site of the stories of Cadmus, Oedipus, Dionysus, Heracles and others.

Find at least three text examples to support your answer to #2.

Then the King spoke to his squire, "Halt! take courage, charioteer, As a sparrow-hawk swoops down upon his prey, So I swoop upon the foe, and I will slay, I will hew them into pieces, I will dash them into dust; Have no fear, Cast such evil thoughts away, These godless men are wretches that in Ammon put no trust." Ho! my warriors, charioteers, Away with craven fears, Halt, stand, and courage take, Behold I am alone, Yet Ammon is my helper, and his hand is with me now." "Like Baal in his strength, on their rearward, lo! I fell, And I killed them, none escaped me, and I slew, and slew, and slew."

According to the document, how did the Canaanites react to seeing "His Majesty"? After this, what did the Egyptians do to their army and city?

They are very afraid of seeing him in the front. They leave with all of their trophies, they could have one that day, but they were too consumed by their victory to continue.

What choice does the King have to make in paragraph 1 of A report of the enemy's movements?

They can go around, around or cut through. They choose to GO DOWN THE MIDDLE!! He is brave. He is leading the way.

Where did Amenhotep I, and Tuthmosis I and II campaign? What effects did this campaign have on the empire in terms of economics?

They had military campaigns in Nubia and Syria. They maintained control in those areas for their 26 years reigns.

Describe how "His Majesty" lead the soldiers into battle.

They marched north into Megiddo with 10-20 thousand men.

Describe the religious revolution of Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV). Why did this new religion not continue after Akhenaten's death?

They went from being polytheistic to monotheistic. Akhenaten is famous for changing the traditional religion of Egypt from the worship of many gods to the worship of a single god named Aten. The son did not like being polytheistic, so he changed it and their one god was Akhenaten.

According to Ramesses, what is the situation he faces as his army arrives at Kadesh? Who has the advantage at the onset of battle?

They were completely oblivious to the fact that the other army had a huge wall around their city and they were more ready for them when they came.

What was the purpose of the expedition?

To conquer the city of Megiddo and to extend the boundaries of Egypt.

Thutmose III

Was the 6th king of Egypt's 18th Dynasty, one of the greatest military leaders in antiquity, and among the most effective and impressive monarchs in Egypt's history leader in the battle of Megiddo

Polytheism

the belief in or worship of more than one god.

Khadesh

the chief site of encampment for the Israelites during their wandering in the Zin Desert.

Aten

the disc of the sun in ancient Egyptian mythology, and originally an aspect of the god Ra.

Monotheism

the doctrine or belief that there is only one God.